决策理论_百度百科
决策理论是把第二次世界大战以后发展起来的理论、、计算机科学等综合运用于管理决策问题，形成的一门有关决策过程、准则、类型及方法的较完整的理论体系。[1]
决策理论已形成了以诺贝尔经济学奖得主赫伯特·(herbertsimon)为代表人物的。决策理论是有关决策概念、原理、等的总称。“决策”一词通常指从多种可能中作出选择和。理论是用以指导和阐释行政决策的理论依据。
决策理论理论形成
行政决策理论形成于20世纪30～40年代。首先提出观点的是美国学者L·古立克。他在《》一文中认为决策是行政的主要功能之一。其后，美国学者C.I.巴纳德在《行政领导的功能》一书中，认为行政决策是实现的重要战略因素。这些观点对后来行政决策理论颇有影响。但行政决策理论体系的形成，并使其在行政学中占有重要的地位，则是由美国行政学家H.A.实现的。1944年他先在《决策与行政组织》一文中提出了决策理论的轮廓。3年后,他出版了《行政行为──在行政组织中决策程序的研究》，成为决策理论方面最早的专著。此后，他继续研究决策理论和实际（包括、计算机学），为成为新的管理学科奠定了基础。
决策理论代表理论
有关决策概念、原理、等的总称。“决策”一词通常指从多种可能中作出选择和。理论是用以指导和阐释行政决策的理论依据。行政决策理论的种类较多，不同学者阐述问题的角度也各不相同。其中具有代表性的理论包括以下几种。
完全理性决策论
又称。代表人物有英国经济学家J.边沁、美国科学管理学家F.W.泰勒等。他们认为人是坚持寻求最大价值的经济人。经济人具有最大限度的，能为实现组织和个人目标而作出最优的选择。其在决策上的表现是：决策前能全盘考虑一切行动，以及这些行动所产生的影响；决策者根据自身的价值标准，选择最大价值的行动为对策。这种理论只是假设人在完全理性下决策，而不是在实际决策中的状态。
连续有限比较决策论
代表人物是。他认为人的实际行动不可能合于完全理性，决策者是具有有限理性的行政人，不可能预见一切结果，只能在供选择的方案中选出一个&满意的&方案。&行政人&对行政环境的看法简化，往往不能抓住决策环境中的各种复杂因素，而只能看到有限几个方案及其部分结果。事实上，程度对决策者有很大影响，但不应忽视组织因素对决策的作用。
1、决策贯穿于管理的全过程，管理就是决策
（1）决策理论是管理理论发展的新阶段
（2）组织就是作为决策者的个人所组成的系统
（3）组织的全部管理活动就是决策
2、决策是一个过程，包括、情报活动、设计活动、抉择活动和审查活动。
3、决策应采用“有限度的理性”准则或标准
（1）经济人的“绝对的”准则。
（2）组织中人的行为是为实现一定目的，具有有限度理性的以任务为中心的合理地选择手段的“管理人”的行为。
（3）有限度的理性导致管理人寻求“符合要求的”或“令人满意的”措施。
4、决策可分为定型化和非定型化决策，且不同
（1）决策的类型
（2）决策的技术
5、决策和组织机构、集权与分权以及信息联系的关系
（1）组织的划分必须以所要作出的决策类型为依据。
（2）集权和分权不能脱离决策过程而孤立存在。
（3）直线领导和参谋人员都有决策问题。
（4）决策前提赖以从一个组织成员传递给另一个成员的任何过程。
（1）对复杂的管理活动进行了高度的理论概括，并充分考虑经营管理的整个领域及其环境，使管理理论围绕着决策这个中心来发展。
（2）决策理论的系统结构可以向提供一种分析、解决问题的系统方法。它鼓励管理者去发现和探寻各种潜在性的对策和可能发生的自然状态，并能充分运用各种科学知识和技术手段，形成比较全面系统的和技术，使管理具有一定的可操作性。
（3）管理人（或决策人）的有限度的准则对于具有相当的、可行性和较强的现实意义。
（1）决策理论如果作为一种主流的，显然未能全面反映管理活动的规律性，缺乏对一般管理关系和环节的分析，忽视了管理工作要比决策工作多得多、复杂得多这个事实。所以，从根本上说，它还属于管理方法、手段或技术方面的管理理论。
（2）的决策理论从本质上说，是管理决策理论，而未包括根据生产、销售资本运营等企业组织的工作内容而进行的业务（或经营）决策内容。从这个角度来看，它如同其它管理理论一样，没有同企业的经营活动紧密结合起来，不能成为企业管理理论的主流理论。
理性、组织决策论
代表人物有美国组织学者J.G.马奇。他承认个人的存在，并认为由于人的理性受个人智慧与能力所限，必须借助组织的作用。通过组织分工，每个决策者可以明确自己的工作，了解较多的行动方案和行动结果。组织提供个人以一定的引导，使决策有明确的方向。组织运用权力和沟通的方法，使决策者便于选择有利的行动方案，进而增加决策的理性。而衡量决策者理性的根据，是而不是个人目标。
现实渐进决策论
代表人物是美国的政治经济学者C.E.林德布洛姆。他的理论的基点不是人的理性，而是人所面临的现实，并对现实所作渐进的改变。他认为决策者不可能拥有人类的全部智慧和有关决策的全部信息，决策的时间、费用又有限，故决策者只能采用应付局面的办法，在“有偏袒的相互调整中”作出决策。该理论要求决策程序简化，决策实用、可行并符合利益集团的要求，力求解决现实问题。这种理论强调现实和渐进改变，受到了者的重视。
非理性决策论
代表人物有心理学家S.弗洛伊德和意大利社会学家V.帕累托等。该理论的基点既不是人的,也不是人所面临的现实,而是人的情欲。他们认为人的行为在很大程度上受潜意识的支配，许多决策行为往往表现出不自觉、不理性的情欲，表现为决策者在处理问题时常常感情用事，从而作出不明智的安排。理论的发展趋势是：①强调人的判断对决策的影响。如行为决策论探讨决策者寻求次优行为的方法；社会判断论认为决策者受不同性质环境的影响会造成判断上的失实；归属决策论强调决策者在环境变量的作用下会受偶然因素的影响。②行政决策理论应用范围扩大。如将决策方法应用于行政管理的有效性的分析；把决策理论引入突发性危机的研究；把决策理论应用于领域，以研究导致政策失误的原因和。
决策理论观点
决策理论是在系统理论的基础上，吸收了行为科学、和计算机科学等研究成果而发展起来的。主要代表人物是美国人赫伯特.A.，其代表作有：《》、《组织》、《经济学与行为科学的决策理论》、《》等。西蒙因其在决策理论研究、决策应用等方面作出的开创性研究，而获得1978年诺贝尔经济学奖。决策理论的观点主要表现在三个方面：
1、突出决策在管理中的地位。决策管理理论认为：管理的实质是决策，决策贯穿于管理的全过程，了整个管理活动的成败。如果决策失误，组织的资源再丰富、技术再先进，也是无济于事的。
2、系统阐述了决策原理。对于决策的程序、准则、类型及其等作了科学的分析，并提出用“满意原则”来代替传统决策理论的“最优原则”，研究了决策过程中冲突的解决方法。
3、强调了决策者的作用。认为组织是决策者个人所组成的系统，因此，强调不仅要注意在决策中应用定量方法、计算技术等[1]
新的科学方法，而且要重视心理因素、人际关系等社会因素在决策中的作用。
决策理论发展趋势
理论的发展趋势是：
1、强调人的判断对决策的影响
如行为决策论探讨决策者寻求次优行为的方法；社会判断论认为决策者受不同性质环境的影响会造成判断上的失实；归属决策论强调决策者在环境变量的作用下会受偶然因素的影响。
2、行政决策理论应用范围扩大
如将决策方法应用于行政管理的有效性的分析；把决策理论引入突发性危机的研究；把决策理论应用于政策分析领域，以研究导致政策失误的原因和。
马仁杰 王荣科 左雪梅．管理学原理：人民邮电出版社，2013年9月西方翻译理论著作概要_百度百科
西方翻译理论著作概要
《西方翻译理论著作概要》是由文军编著，日出版发行的书籍。共收西方翻译理论著作396部。
西方翻译理论著作概要内容简介
本书共收西方翻译理论著作396部，其中包括少数再版或三、四版的著作，收集在本书里的著作，都是能在国内查找到的，它们的藏书地点有：中国国家图书馆、北京大学图书馆、北京外国语大学图书馆、北京航空航天大学翻译资料中心、广东外语外贸大学翻译学院资料中心等。本书所收著作，每一本均按以下顺序编排：1. 基本信息，主要提供该著作的书名、作者、出版社、出版时间和总页码；2. 内容简介：对该书主要内容加以扼要介绍；3. 本书目录：按原书编排方式，全部收录其目录，并标明各章节页码。本书共编设了三个附录：书名索引、作者索引和主题索引。前两个索引按英语字母顺序编排，并在每一条后注明了相应的条目，主要功能是方便读者查找相关的条目内容。而第三个附录“主题索引”则是从著作内容角度进行编排的，每一类的索引条目后设置了“参见”，将本书中未收在该部分而又与之有关的书名收录其中，与该部分收录的书目形成一个整体，以便于读者在更大范围了解同类书籍。
西方翻译理论著作概要图书目录
《翻译资料与翻译研究丛书》总序
资料建设和读书问题——《西方翻译理论著作概要》序
《西方翻译理论著作概要》自序
西方翻译理论著作目录
西方翻译理论著作概要
附录1：书名索引
附录2：作者索引
附录3：主题索引
1.翻译理论
3.各类文体翻译
(1)文学与文献翻译
(2)法律翻译
(3)科技翻译
5.翻译培训与教学
7.机器翻译及翻译技术
1 A Manual of Chinese Quotations
2 Essay On the Principles of Translation
3 HINTS ON TRANSLATION FROM LATIN TO ENGLISH
4 OVID with an Englishtranslation: Tristia, Ex Ponto
5 Latin Translation at Sight
6 Translation: an Elizabethan art
7 A translation of the Kharosthi documents from Chinese Turkestan
8 THE LIFE OF Edward FitzGerald
9 The Art of Letters: LU CHI?S “WEN FU,”A.D. 302, A Translation and Comparative Study
10 On Romanticism and the Art of Translation
11 The Art of Translation
12 Aspects of Translation: Studies in Communication 2
13 On Translation
14 Across the lines：travel, language, translation
15 An Introduction to Machine Translation
16 The Chinese Classics: With a Translation, Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, and Copious Indexes
17 The Craft & Context of Translation
18 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis, Proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middleses, on 5th, 6th and 8th September, VolumeII
19 A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistics
20 Helps For Translators Volume VII, Bible Translations for Popular Use
21 The Translation of CultureEssays to E.E.EvansPritchard
22 Translating
23 Mirror on Mirror: Translation, Imitation, Parody
24 Dictionary for the Analysis of Literary Translation
25 Literature and Translation : New Perspectives in Literary Studies with a Basis Bibliography of Books on Translation Studies
26 The Translation of Art—Essays on Chinese Painting and Poetry
27 Scientific and Technical Translation
28 The Art and Profession of Translation: Proceedings of The Asia Foundation Conference on Chinese?English Translation
29 Adam?s Dream: A Preface to Translation
30 The Linguistic Basis of Logic Translation
31 In Search of A Theory of Translation
32 The Languages of Theatre: Problems in the Translation and Transposition of Drama
33 A Model for Translation Quality Assessment
34 D. H. LAWRENCE AND THE ART OF TRANSLATION
35 Meaning Across Cultures
36 Principles and problems of translation in seventeenth?century England
37 The Third Language: Recurrent Problems of Translation into English
38 Translation Spectrum: Essays in Theory and Practice
39 BHAGAVADG?T?NUV?DA: a study in transcultural translation
40 The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods
41 The theory and practice of translation
42 Translating Meaning
43 Better TranslationFor Better Communication ( A survey of the translationmarket, present and future, prepared for the commission of the European Communities, DirectorateGeneral Information Market and Innovation)
44 Style and Discourse
45 Bridging the Language Solitudes: Growth and Development of the Translation Bureau of the Government of Canada 193484
46 Meaning?based TranslationA Guide to Cross?Language Equivalence
47 SIGNS, SENSE TRANSLATION
48 The Art of Translation, Kornei Chukovsky?s A High Art
49 The Translator?s Handbook ( with special reference to translation from French and Spanish)
50 Training Translators and Conference Interpreters
51 Translation: Literary, Linguistic, and Philosophical Perspectives
52 Difference in Translation
53 Second Hand: Papers on the Theory and Historical Study of Literary Translation
54 Text and Translation
55 The Ear of The Other: Otobiography, Transference, Translation: texts anddiscussions with Jacques Derrida
56 The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation
57 Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6:proceedings of a conference jointly sponsored by Aslib, the Association for Information Management, the Aslib Technical Translation Group, the Translators? Guild
58 Translation in Foreign Language Teaching and Testing
59 Interlingual and intercultural communication: discourse and cognition in translation and second language acquisition studies
60 MachineTranslation: Past, Present, Future
61 Translation Determined
62 Word Expert Semantics: an Interlingual Knowledge?Based Approach
63 Beppe Fenoglio and English Literature: A Study of the Writer as Translator
64 Computer translation of natural language
65 Machine Translation: Theoretical and Methodological Issues
66 Machine translation today : The state of the art (Proceeding s of the third Luganotutorial Lugano, Switzerland 27 April1984)
67 Principles of Chinese Bible Translation
68 Translating and the Computer 8, A Profession on the Move
69 Translation and Lexicography
70 Translation Excellence: Assessment, Achievement, Maintenance
71 Translation in the Modern Languages Degree
72 A Textbook of Translation
73 Essays on Translation
74 LINGUISTICS, LITERARY ANALYSIS, AND LITERARY TRANSLATION
75 Machine translation systems
76 Mapping Literature: The Art and Politics of Translation
77 Text Coherence in Translation
78 The Science of Linguistics in the Art of Translation: Some Tools from Linguistics for the Analysis and Practice of Translation
79 Translation StudiesAn Integrated Approach
80 Translation Theory in Scandinavia: Proceedings from SSOTT III, University of Oslo
81 Creativity of Translators: The Translation of Metaphorical Expressions in Nonliterary Texts
82 Interpretation: Language and Translation from Cicero to Tytler
83 Lu Xun as a Translator
84 Machine TranslationHow Far Can It Go?
85 Machine Translation Summit
86 Miraculous Retribution: A Study and Translation of T?ang Lin?s Mingpao chi
87 Readings in Translation Theory
88 The Art of Translation
89 THE CRAFT OF TRANSLATION
90 Translation and the Nature of Philosophy: A New Theory of Words
91 Bible Translation and the Spread of the Church
92 Bridging the Gap: African Traditional Religion and Bible Translation
93 Hermeneutics and the Poetic Motion: Translation Perspectives V
94 Justice as Translation: An Essay in Cultural and Legal Criticism
95 Translation, History and Culture
96 About Translation
97 Empirical Research in Translation and Intercultural Studies: selected papers of the TRANSIF Seminar, Savonlinna 1988
98 Redefining translation : the variational approach
99 Rhetoric, hermeneutics, and translation in the Middle Ages: academic traditions and vernacular texts
100 Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation?Oriented Text Analysis
101 The Poetics of Imperialism: Translation and Colonization from The Tempest to Tarzan
102 The Translator?s Turn
103 Towards high?precision machine translation : based on contrastive textology
104 Translation and Relevance: Cognition and Context
105 Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice
106 Translation Performance,Translation Process and Translation Strategies
107 Two Worlds, One Art: Literary Translation in Russia and America
108 Computers in Translation: A practical appraisal
109 In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation
110 Introduction to Spanish Translation
111 Oppositional Voices: Women as Writers and Translators of Literature in the English Renaissance
112 Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology
113 Sitting Translation
114 Teaching Translation and InterpretingTraining, Talent and Experience
115 The Experience of the Foreign: Culture and Translation in Romantic Germany
116 Theories of Translation: An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida
117 Translating Literature: Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context
118 Translation and text transfer: an essay on theprinciples of intercultural communication
119 Translation as text
120 Translation East and West: A Cross?Cultural Approach
121 Translation/History/Culture: A Sourcebook
122 Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame
123 A Bibliography of Pedagogy & Research in Interpretation & Translation
124 Contemporary Translation Theories
125 Epistemological Problems in Translation and its Teaching: A Seminar for thinking Students
126 Paragraphs on translation
127 The Art of Literary Translation
128 The Poetics of Translation: History, Theory, Practice
129 The Poetry and Poetics of Nishiwaki Junzaburo
130 There?s a Double Tongue: An investigation into the translation of Shakespeare?s wordplay, with special reference to Hamlet
131 Translation and Knowledge: SSOTT IV: Scandinavian Symposium on Translation Theory
132 Translation as Social Action
133 Translation theory and practice: reassembling the tower
134 Bridgingthe Gap: Empiricalresearch in simultaneous interpretation
135 Compositional Translation
136 Explorations in Automatic Thesaurus Discovery
137 Language,discourse and translation
138 Language Engineering and Translation—Consequences of Automation
139 Professional Issues for Translators and Interpreters
140 Speech?to?speech translation: a massively parallel memory?based approach
141 Teaching Translation and Interpreting 2
142 Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies
143 Translation and interpreting: Bridging East and West: Selected Conference Papers (Volume 8)
144 Translation Studies: An Interdiscipline
145 Translator?s Workbench: Tools and Terminology for Translation and Text Processing
146 Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training
147 Between Language andCultures: translation andcross?cultural texts
148 Beyond Translation: Essays toward a Modern Philology
149 Buddhist Translations, Problems and Perspectives
150 Comparative Stylistics of French and English, A Methodology for Translation
151 Cultural Functions of Translation
152 Culture in Transit: Translating theLiterature of Quebec
153 Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond
154 Discourse and Ideologies
155 Machine translation and the lexicon: third International EAMT Workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April
156 Nagarjuna in China : A Translation of the Middle Treatise
157 The Oxford Book of Classical Verse in Translation
158 THE POSSIBILITY OF LANGUAGE: a discussion of the nature of language, with implications for human and machine translation
159 The Practice of Court Interpreting
160 The Translator?s Invisibility: a History of Translation
161 Thinking Spanish translation: a course in translation method: Spanish to English
162 Training the Translator
163 Translating Chinese Literature
164 Translationand the Law, AmericanTranslators Association Series, ScholarlyMonograph Series , Volume VIII 1995
165 Translation: RELIGION, IDEOLOGY, POLITICS
166 Translators Through History
167 A Bookseller?s HobbyHorse, and the Rhetoric of Translation: Anthony Ernst Munnikhuisen and Bernardus Brunius, and the First Duch edition of ‘Tristram Shandy’（）
168 A Skopos Theory of Translation (Some Arguments For and Against)
169 Dorotheus and his Digest translation
170 Gender in Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Translation
171 Interpretation and the Language of Translation: Creativity and Conventions in Translation
172 Knowledge and Skills in Translator Behavior
173 Stages of Translation
174 Teaching Translation and Interpreting 3: New Horizons: Papers from the Third Language International Conference, Dollerup, Cay and Vibeke AppelLatin
175 Teaching translation in Universities present and future perspectives
176 Terminology, LSP, and Translation: studies in language engineering in honour of Juan C. Sager
177 The Translatability of Cultures: Figurations of the Space Between
178 Translation and Taboo
179 Translation, Power, Subversion
180 Translation Studies in a New Perspective
181 Translating the Message, The Missionary Impact on Culture
182 Words, Words, Words: The Translator and the Language Learner
183 Becoming a Translator
184 Cognitive processes in translation and interpreting
185 Communication across Cultures: Translation Theory and Contrastive Text Linguistics
186 Conference Interpreting: Current Trends in Research—Proceedings of the International Conference on Interpreting: WHAT DO WE KNOW AND HOW? (Turku, August )
187 Future and Communication: the role of scientific and technical communication and translation in technology development and transfer
188 Memes of Translation: The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory
189 New Approach to Legal Translation
190 Text Typology and Translation
191 The Art of Translation
192 The critical link: interpreters in the community: papers from the First International Conference on Interpreting in Legal, Health, and Social Service Set tings (Geneva Park, Canada, June 14, 1995)
193 The Karaite Tradition of Arabic Bible Translation
194 The Translator?s dialogue: Giovanni Pontiero
195 Translating as a Purposeful Activity : Functionalist Approaches Explained
196 Translating Literature
197 Translating Sensitive Texts: Linguistic Aspects
198 Translation and Empire: Postcolonial Theories Explained
199 Translation and Language : Linguistic Theories Explained
200 Translation and Literary Criticism: Translation as Analysis
201 Translation and GenderTranslating in the ‘Era of Feminism’
202 Translation and Interpreting Schools
203 Translation and Subjectivity: on Japan and cultural nationalism
204 Translation as Intercultural Communication, selected papers from the EST congress Prague 1995
205 Translation quality assessment: a model revisited
206 Western Translation Theory: from Herodotus to Nietzsche
207 What Is Translation? Centrifugal Theories, Critical Interventions
208 A Practical Guide for Translators(third edition)
209 After BabelAspects of Language and Translation (Third Edition)
210 Bibliography of Translation Studies, First Edition
211 Breaking Down the Language Barrier
212 Conference Interpreting Explained
213 Contrastive Functional Analysis
214 Four Translation Strategies Determined by the Particular Needs of the Receptor: Translation Theory Backwards
215 Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco?Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early ′Abbāsid Society
216 Investigating Translation: Selected Papers From the 4th International Congress on Translation, Barcelona
217 Machine Translation and the Information Soup
218 Method in Translation History
219 MORE PARAGRAPHS on TRANSLATION
220 Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies
221 Selected Essays on Poetry & Translation
222 The Practice of Literary Translation: Constraints and Creativity
223 The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference
224 Translation: An Interpretive Approach
225 Translation into the Second Language
226 Translation & Language Teaching
227 Translation and Minority (Special Issue, The Translator)
228 Translators? Strategies and Creativity
229 Unity in Diversity? Current Trends in Translation Studies
230 Bibliography of Translation Studies, Second Edition
231 Dictionary of Translation Studies
232 Incremental Speech Translation
233 Literary Translation
234 Postcolonial Transition ,Theory and Practice
235 Reading Rilke: Reflection on the Problem of Translation
236 Simultaneous InterpretationA Cognitive?Pragmatic Analysis
237 Tales and translation: the Grimm tales from pan?Germanic narratives to shared international fa
238 Terminologie de la traduction / Translation Terminology/Terminologia de la Traduccion/Terminolgie der Ubersetzung
239 The Translator?s Handbook
240 Tokens of Exchange, the Problem of Translation in Global Circulations
241 Translating Cultures
242 Translation and Interpreting in the 20th Century
243 Translation and Norms
244 Translation and the (Re)Location of Meaning: Selected Papers of the CELTRA Research Seminars in Translation Studies
245 Translation in Systems
246 Translation of Poetry and Poetic Prose: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 110
247 Word, Text, Translation: liber amicorum for Peter Newmark
248 A Social Constructivist Approach to Translation Education: Empowerment from Theory to Practice
249 Aristotle in China: Language, Categories and Translation
250 Beyond the Western Tradition Translation Perspectives XI 2000
251 Changing the Terms: Translating in the Postcolonial Era
252 Church, Monarch, and Bible in Sixteenth Century England : the Political Context of Biblical Translation
253 Developing Translation Competence
254 Early Years in Machine Translation: Memoirs and Biographies of Pioneers
255 English?Spanish Translation，Through A Cross?Cultural Interpretation Approach
256 Envisioning machine translation in the information future, Association for Machine Translation in the Americas Conference(4th :2000 :Cuernavaca, Mexico)
257 Evaluation and Translation (Special Issue)
258 From World to World: An Armamentarium For The Study of Poetic Discourse In Translation
259 Intercultural Faultlines－ Research Models in Translation Studies Ⅰ: Textual and Cognitive Aspects
260 Language Processing and Simultaneous Interpreting
261 Language, text, and knowledge: mental models of expert communication
262 Negotiating the Frontier: Translators and Intercultures in Hispanic History
263 Parallel Text Processing: Alignment and Use of Translation Corpora
264 Science in Translation: movements of knowledge through cultures and time
265 Tapping and Mapping the Processes of Translation and Interpreting Outlooks on Empirical Research
266 Thinking Italian TranslationA Course in Translation Method: Italian to English
267 The Translation Studies Reader
268 Time?Sharing on Stage —Drama Translation in Theatre and Society
269 Translation Criticism
270 Translation in context: selected contribution from theEST Congress, Granada
271 Translation in the Global Village
272 Verbmobil: Foundations of Speech?to?Speech Translation
273 Annotated Texts for Translation: English?German: Functionalist Approaches Illustrated
274 Approaches to Translation
275 Bibliography of Translation Studies, Fourth Edition
276 Contemporary Translation Theories，revised second edition
277 Deconstruction and Translation
278 Discourse and the Translator
279 Disturbing Strangeness: Foreignisation and domestication in translation procedures in the context of cultural asymmetry
280 Electronic Tools for Translators
281 Experiences in Translation
282 Exploring translation and multilingual text production: beyond content
283 Indeterminacy of Translation
284 Introducing Translation Studies (Theories and applications)
285 Language and Culture: Context in Translation
286 Lexis and Creativity in Translation—A Corpus?based Study
287 Lives in Two Languages: An Exploration of Identity and Culture
288 Pathways of Translation Studies
289 Revising and Editing for Translators
290 Teaching and Researching Translation
291 The interpreter?s resource
292 The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation
293 The politics of translation in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
294 The Pragmatics of Translation
295 Thinking Through Translation
296 Translation and Nation: Towards a Culture Politics of Englishness
297 Translation and Textuality: A Case Study of English?Korean Translation
298 Who Translates? Translator Subjectivities Beyond Reason
299 Byzantium?Rus?Russia: Studies in the translation of Christian culture
300 Can Theory Help Translators? A Dialogue Between the Ivory Tower and the Wordface
301 Changing Philologies: Contributions to the Redefinition of Foreign Language Studies in the Age of Globalisation
302 Computer?aided translation technology: a practical introduction
303 Crosscultural Transgressions: Research Models in Translation Studies II: Historical and Ideological Issues
304 Cultural Studies Interdisciplinarity and Translation
305 Explanatory Translation
306 Interpreting in the 21st Century: Challenges and opportunities: Selected papers from the 1st ForlConference on Interpreting Studies, 911 November 2000
307 Language Processing in Discourse A key to felicitous translation
308 Nonverbal Communication across Disciplines:Volume III: Narrative literature, theater, cinema, translation
309 On translation
310 Teaching translation and interpreting 4: building bridges
311 The Art of War: the Denma translation/Sun Tzu, Translation, Essays and Commentary
312 The Culture of Translation in Anglo?Saxon England
313 The Map — A Beginner?s Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies
314 Thinking French Translation: A Course in Translation Method: French to English(Second Edition)
315 Translating for the European Union Institutions
316 Translation and Power
317 Translation Studies (Third edition)
318 Translation Studies: Perspectives on an Emerging Disciplined
319 Translation, Text and Theory, The Paradigm of India
320 Translation Theory in the Age of Louis XIV: The 1683 De optimo genere interpretandi (On the best kind of translating) of PierreDaniel Huet ()
321 Translation?mediated Communication in a Digital World: Facing the Challenges of Globalization and Localization
322 Translator Self?Training (Chinese)Practical Course in Technical Translation
323 Transpacific Displacement: Ethnography, Translation, and Intertextual Travel in Twentieth?Century American Literature
324 Apropos of ideology : translation studies on ideology ideologies in translation studies
325 Beyond the Ivory Tower: Rethinking translation pedagogy (American translators association scholarly monograph Series, Volume XII 2003)
326“Borrowed Plumage” Polemical Essays on Translation
327 Computers and Translation: A translator?s guide
328 Corpora in Translation Education
329 Corpus?based Approaches to Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies
330 Cross?Linguistic Variation in System and Text: A Methodology for the Investigation of Translations and Comparable Texts
331 Crossing Barriers and Bridging Cultures: The Challenges of Multilingual Translation for the European Union
332 One into Many: Translation and the Dissemination of Classical Chinese Literature
333 Performative Linguistics: Speaking and translating as doing things with words
334 Recent Advances in Example?Based Machine Translation
335 The Bible through Metaphor and Translation
336 The Critical Link 3 Interpreters in the Community, selected papers from the Third International Conference on Interpreting in Legal, Health and Social Service Settings, Mointréal, Québec, Canada 2226 May 2001
337 Translating Cultures: Perspectives on Translation and Anthropology
338 Translating Official Documents
339 Translation and ethnography: the anthropological challenge of intercultural understanding
340 Translation and Globalization
341 Translation Teaching, from Research to the Classroom: a handbook for teachers
342 Translation Today: Trends and Perspectives
343 Triangulating translation: perspectives in process oriented research
344 A Practical Guide for Translators（Fourth Revised Edition）
345 Building Coherence and Cohesion: Task?oriented dialogue in English and Spanish
346 Claims, changes and challenges in translation studies: selected contributions from the EST Congress, Copenhagen 2001
347 Creative Writing: translation, bookkeeping, and the work of imagination in colonial Kenya
348 Drama Translation and Theatre Practice
349 Fundamental Aspects of Interpreter Education
350 Globalization and Cultural Translation
351 Inference and Anticipation in Simultaneous Interpreting: A probabilityprediction model
352 Introducing Corpora in Translation Studies
353 Introducing interpreting studies
354 Joyful Babel: Translating H l ne Cixous
355 Machine Translation: From Real Users to Research
356 Multiple Voices in the Translation ClassroomActivities, tasks and projects
357 Revisiting the Interpreter?s Role: A Study of conference, court, and medical interpreters in Canada, Mexico, and the United States
358 Shakespeare and Canada: Essays on Production, Translation, and Adaptation
359 Shakespeare, Reception and Translation, Germany and Japan
360 Shakespeare?s History Plays: Performance, Translation and Adaptation in Britain and Abroad
361 The Discourse of Court Interpreting: Discourse practice of the law, the witness and the interpreter
362 The Missing Link: Evolution, Reality, and the Translation Paradigm
363 The Moving Text: Localization, translation, and distribution
364 Translating the heavens : Aratus, Germanicus, and the poetics of Latin translation
365 Translation: An advanced resource book
366 Translation and Corpora, Selected Papers from the G?teborgOslo Symposium 1819 October 2003
367 Translation in the Renaissance: The Theory and Practice of Leonardo Bruni, Giannozzo Manetti and Desiderius Erasmus
368 Translation Research and Interpreting Research: Traditions, Gaps and Synergies
369 Translation quality assessment: an argumentation?centred approach
370 Translation?based Corpus Studies: Contrasting English and Portuguese tense and aspect systems
371 Twentieth?Century Chinese Translation Theory: Modes, Issues and Debates
372 A layered declarative approach to ontology translation with knowledge preservation
373 Challenging the Traditional Axioms: Translation into a Non?mother Tongue
374 Foreign Words: TranslatorAuthors in the Age of Goethe
375 Gender, Sex and Translation: the Manipulation of Identities
376 Identity and Difference: Translation Shaping Culture
377 In Translation Reflections, Refractions, Transformations
378 Interpretation: Techniques and Exercises
379 Less Translated Languages
380 Linguistics and the Language of Translation
381 Nation, Language, and the Ethics of Translation
382 New Tendencies in Translation Studies—Selected Papers from a Workshop G?teborg 12 December 2003
383 On the relationships between translation theory and translation practice
384 Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation?Oriented Text Analysis (Second Edition)
385 The Enlightenment Bible
386 The Italian Encounter With Tudor England: A Cultural Politics Translation
387 The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English—Volume 3 ()
388 Training for the New Millennium: Pedagogies for translation and interpreting
389 Translating Tolkien : philological elements in the Lord of the Rings
390 Translation and cultural change : studies in history, norms and image projection
391 Translation and Religion: Holy Untranslatable
392 Translation in undergraduate degree programmes
393 Translation, Linguistics, Culture: A French?English Handbook
394 The Translation Zone
395 Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account
396 Tudor Translation in Theory and Practice}