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最后一扇门是一款恐怖解谜类小游戏，该游戏为像素风，一共有5个章节，每个章节都由一个相互连续而又各自独立的故事所组成，喜欢的玩家不要错过。【游戏介绍】游戏的中玩家将扮演一名大学刚毕业顺利参加工作的良好青年，在一次接到了大学同学的一封来信，信中让他来自己家做客，而这就是噩梦的开始，主角来到这位同学家时发现了满屋的血迹，并且同学早已上吊自杀，可最近的信又是谁写的，这间屋子的血又是怎么回事，真正的恐怖就此开始发生了。【配置要求】系统: Microsoft Windows XP / Vista / 7 / 8　　CPU: Intel Atom 1.6 GHz　　内存: 1 GB RAM　　显卡: Integrated with 64 MB RAM　　硬盘: 400 MB available space【最后一扇门游戏视频】
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一共2338款解谜游戏作为一种游戏大类相信所有玩家都会陌生，其中又以看词找物冒险解谜游戏为主，小编在这里就将为大家带来经典的解谜类游戏，其中都是在海量作品中经过精挑细选的解谜游戏中文版作品，喜欢的玩家千万别错过。
中文机械迷城(Machinarium)中文典藏破解版v1.0.0.1预览图
英文谜题侦探2(Puzzle Agent 2)破解版预览图
中文厕所穿越记(Unepic)中文破解版v1.51.0预览图
中文梦游者(Back to Bed)中文破解版v1.1.4.12090预览图
中文残酷谎言3愿望(Grim Tales 3 The Wishes Collector's Edition)中文典藏版预览图
中文爱丽丝：疯狂回归(Alice: Madness Returns)中文破解版预览图
一共425款像素游戏是现代游戏中相当流行的一种复古画面风格，此类游戏以多横版玩法为主，由于体积小并且游戏成本低所以深受独立游戏制作者喜爱，于是也就此诞生了许多好玩的像素游戏，而小编在这里就整理出了诸多优秀的像素游戏大全提供给大家，喜欢的玩家不要错过。
中文武装原型(Broforce)汉化破解版v5399预览图
英文流血像素（They Bleed Pixels）破解版v1.40预览图
英文像素部队生存之旅硬盘版预览图
中文像素冒险硬盘版预览图
英文像素起跑2:未来外太空传奇硬盘版预览图
英文死亡像素（Dead Piexels）硬盘版预览图
最后一扇门游戏截图
D3DX9_XX.DLL/PHYSXLOADER.DLL/配置不正常等
最后一扇门 (The Last Door)第一季典藏破解版Build
5.0分英文86.3 MB
2.5分英文226.1 MB
5.0分中文374.4 MB
5.0分中文1.7 GB
5.0分英文.0 KB
5.0分英文.0 KB
动作冒险排行榜
1 5.5类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 7.6 MB
2 4.7类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.6 GB
3 3.4类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 586.4 MB
4 7.5类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.4 GB
5 5.0类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 27.3 MB
6 6.7类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 302.0 MB
7 6.8类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 58.3 GB
8 8.0类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 364.7 MB
9 5.0类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 4.8 MB
10 6.9类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 22.5 GB
1 5.5类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 7.6 MB
2 3.4类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 586.4 MB
3 8.3类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 101.6 MB
4 4.7类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.6 GB
5 6.8类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 36.5 MB
6 5.0类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 27.3 MB
7 6.7类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 302.0 MB
8 8.1类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 25.9 MB
9 7.0类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 2.1 GB
10 8.0类型: 动作冒险语言: 英文大小: 389.0 MB
1 6.7类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.2 GB
2 7.5类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.4 GB
3 5.5类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 7.6 MB
4 5.2类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.0 GB
5 7.6类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.7 GB
6 8.2类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.4 GB
7 7.7类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 989.3 MB
8 7.7类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 28.7 MB
9 7.2类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 1.5 GB
10 7.7类型: 动作冒险语言: 中文大小: 33.9 MB
◎ 因为单机游戏文件比较大，当游网强烈推荐使用迅雷或QQ旋风下载，下载前建议查看配置要求、游戏说明和网友评论。
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高一英语新课标人教版必修1
Unit 1FriendshipI. Words and Phrases 1. Are you good to your friends? 你对你的朋友好吗？ be good to=be kind to:对．．． ．．．友善 (opp.) be bad to eg: Thought he looks cold, in fact, h
e is always good to others. 尽管他看起来冷淡，但实际上他一向对人友善。 拓展： ⑴.be good at sth./doing sth. 擅长于（做）．．． ．．． ⑵.be good for 对．．． ．．．有好处／有益 (opp.) be bad for ★ ⑶.do good(n.) to 给．．． ．．．带来好处或益处 eg: Eat more fruit, and it will do good to you. 多吃水果，那会使你受益。 (opp.) do harm to 2. Make the following survey. Fsurvey (n.) 调查，测验；民意调查，民意测验 eg: ①.The school carried out a survey to find who is the most popular among students. 学校进行了一次调查，看看谁在学生中最受欢迎。 ②.In order to know what the people need most, the government has done many surveys. 为了弄清楚人们最迫切的需要，政府进行了多次民意测验。 surFvey (v.) 调查，测验；进行民意调查，进行民意测验 eg: We surveyed 500 smokers and found over three quarters would like to give up. 我们对500个吸烟者进行了调查，发现四分之三的人想要戒烟。 3. Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 把你的分数加起来，看看你能得多少分。 add (vt.) 增加；添加；补充说 (vi.) 加，加起来；增添 eg: The visiting leader expressed his satisfaction(满意) with these talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.来访的领导表达了对这几次会议的满意，并补充说他很喜欢呆在这里。 add up sth.=add sth. up(vt.) 把．．． ．．．加起来；合计 eg: ①.Add up these numbers and you will get 100. 把这些数字加起来，你就能得到100。 ②.Please add all the money up. 请把所有的钱加起来。 add up(vi.) 算总数，做加法 eg: ①.The waiter can’t add up. 这个服务员不会算帐。 ②.Her seven-year-old son can’t add up properly. 她七岁的儿子不会做加法。 拓展：★⑴.add up to 合计达．．．，共计 ．．． eg: ①.His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 他所受的全部学校教育加起来只不过一年。 ②.The students in the school add up to 3000. 在校学生共计3000。 ★⑵.add to 增加，增添 eg: ①.The bad weather added to our difficulty. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。 ②.This garden will add to the beauty of our school.这座花园将为我们学校增添美 丽。1add sth. to… 把．．． ．．．加到．．．上／里 ．． eg: ①.please add my name to the list. 请把我的名字加到名单上。 ②.If the tea is too strong, add some hot water to it. 如果茶太浓，加点开水。 point (n.) 分数，得分 eg: ①.In the game we got ten points while the Medical School got only three. 比赛中我们得了十分，而医学院只得了三分。 ②.Australia finished 20 points ahead. 澳大利亚最终以20分的优势领先。 point (n.) 点；小数点 eg: ①.4.5 reads four point five. 4.5读作four point five。 ②.What do these red points stand for on the map? 地图上的这些红点表示什么？ point (n.) 观点、论点 eg: She made several interesting points in the article. 她在文章中提出了几个有趣的观点。 拓展： ★①.strong point 优点、强项 weak point 弱点、缺点 ②.to the point 切题，切中要害 off the point 离题 ③.be on/at the point of doing sth. 正要干某事的时候 eg: He was on the point of leaving home when the bell rang. 他正要出门的时候，门铃响了。 point (v.) to/at 指着，指向 辨析： 表远指用point to；表无敌意也用point to 表近指用point at；表含敌意也用point at eg: ①.It’s no polite to point at others. 指着别人是不礼貌的。 ②.He pointed at the book he wanted. 他指着他想要的那本书。 ③.He pointed to a house in the distance and said that was his grandparents’. 他指着远处的一所房子说那是他祖父母的。 ★point (v.) sth. at sb./sth. 用某物瞄准、对准某人或某物 eg: The hunter pointed his gun at the bear. 猎人用枪对准了那只熊。 ★ point (v.) out 指★ 出 eg: He pointed out my mistakes in my composition. 他指出了我作文中的错误。 4. Your friend comes to school very upset. 你朋友来到学校，5. 心情很不6. upset (adj.) 心烦意乱的；不舒服的 upset 在本句中作主语补足语，表示主语的状态或说明主语的特征。 eg: He stayed in a new strange place quite upset. 他呆在一个新的陌生的地方感到很不安。 upset (adj.) 也作表语或定语 好。2①.Jim wsa/felt quite upset because he was worried about his exam. 吉姆担心考试，感到心烦意乱。 （表语） ②.she had an upset stomach. 她感到肠胃不舒服。 （定语） upset (v.) 使不安，使心烦意乱；使．．． ．．．难过；使．．． ．．．不舒服 upset----upset----upset eg: ①.The new policy upset a lot of people. 新政策使得很多人都很不安。 ②.Don’t upset yourself about that news. 别让那条学习令你心烦意乱。 ③.Eating too much will upset your stomach. 吃太多会使你的胃不舒服。 拓展：upset (v.) 打翻；打乱 eg: ①.I upset a glass of milk. 我打翻了一杯牛奶。 ②.Rain upset our plans for a picnic. 雨打乱了我们去野餐的计划。 upset----upsetting (现在分词或形容词) 作adj.时常有结构：★It be + upsetting + that从句 eg: It is upsetting that she is so late. 她迟到这么长时间，使人很不高兴。 eg: 7. You had to pay to get it repaired. 你不8. 得不9. 出钱让人修理。 get /have sth./sb. done 请（让）别人做某事；遭遇某事 表被动 eg: 1.I got/had a tooth filled yesterday. 昨天我去补了一颗牙。 （由别人补的） 2.There’s something wrong with the TV, I must get/have it repaired. 电视机有毛病，我得请人修理。 （由别人修理） 3.I had my wallet stolen in the street the other day. 几天前在街上我的钱包被人偷了。 （遭到偷窃，而不是我请人来偷的） 拓展：另外，动词keep、make、let和感官动词see、find等也适用此结构 eg: 1.Keep the fish untouched. 别动那些鱼。 2.I saw the old lady carried upstairs. 我看见那个老妇人被抬到楼上了。 3.She found the world outside completely changed after the typhoon. 她发现台风过后外面的世界彻底不一样了。 回顾：⑴.get/have/keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 eg: They had us laughing all through the meal. 他们让我们在吃饭时自始至终笑个不停。 ⑵.keep doing sth. 一直做某事 eg: I kept waiting for her for about 2 hours. 我一直等了她2小时。 ⑶.get sb. to do sth.=have/let/make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 eg: 1.I’ll get the driver to take you to the airport. 我会让司机送你去机场。 2.You should have your friends help you. 你应该让你的朋友们帮助你。36．You will ignore the bell and go some where quiet to calm your friend down. 你会不顾铃声去一个安静的地方让你的朋友镇定下来。 ig｀nore (v.) 不理睬，不顾；忽视 eg: 1.The boys were so rude that we decided to ignore them. 这些孩子太粗鲁了，我们决定不理他们。 2.I’m very upset to be ignored by my English teacher. 英语老师忽视我使我很难过。 拓展：｀ignorant (adj.) 无知的，愚昧的+of/about ｀ignorance (n.) 无知，愚昧+of/about eg: 1.This is an ignorant question. 这是一个无知的问题。 2.They are ignorant of the recent changes here. 他们对这里最近的变化一无所知。 3.Please forgive my ignorance. 请原谅我的无知。 4.His talk shows his ignorance of electronics. 他的谈话表现出他对电学一无所知。 calm(v.) 使平静，使镇定 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来 eg: 1.The mother calmed her baby (down) by giving him some candy. 母亲给婴儿糖果使他安静下来了。 2,He took a deep breath to calm himself (down). 他深吸一口气让自己镇定下来。 3.The sea calmed down. 海上风平浪静了。 calm (adj.) ⑴.(形容人)镇静的，沉着的；冷静的，不激动的 eg: We must keep calm when facing danger. 面对危险时我们必须保持镇静。 ⑵.(形容海洋等)平静的 eg: After the storm, the sea became calm. 暴风雨过后，大海又风平浪静了。 ⑶.(形容天气)无风的 eg: a calm cloudless day 云淡风轻的日子 ⑷.(形容场所)宁静的，平静的 eg: The city is calm again after yesterday’s riots. 昨天的暴乱过后，这个城市又恢复了宁静。 7. You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him. be concerned about 关心、挂念．．．；为．．． ．．． ．．．担心 eg: 1.She was only concerned about herself. 她只关心她自己。 2.I was very concerned about my mother’s illness. 我很担心我母亲的病。 拓展：be concerned with 与．．． ．．．有关 eg: 1.The meeting was concerned with foreign trade.这次会议与外贸有关。 2.This accident was concerned with his carelessness.那次事故与他的粗心有关。4show concern(n.) for sb. 对……表现出真正的关心 eg: The teacher shows true concern for his students. 这位表现出对他学生的真正的关心。 相关链接：I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。 to do with 与．．． ．．．有关，常用于have something to do with 结构中 eg: 1.His job has something to do with computers. 他的工作与电脑有关。 2.Does the news have anything to do with the accident? 这条新闻与那起事故有关联吗？ 类似的有： ★⑴.have nothing to do with 与．．．毫无关系 ．． ★⑵.have a lot/much to do with 与．．． ．．．有很大关系 eg: 1.I have nothing to do with him. 我和他没有关系。 2.Hard work has a lot to do with her success. 努力工作与她的成功息息相关。 另外，do with=deal with 处理，处置；对付 但是，do with 只能跟what搭配，而deal with 要跟how搭配 eg: 1.The new manager didn’t know what to do with the matter. 2.The new manager didn’t know how to deal with the matter. 这位新经理不知道如何处理这件事。 8. The dog got loose and was hit by a car. 狗松脱了，9. 被一辆轿车给撞了。 get loose 松开，松脱 结构为：get(连系动词)＋adj./动词过去分词 类似的还有：get lost迷路 get married结婚 get hurt受伤 get caught被抓 拓展:：let……loose 释放 eg: Don’t let the dog loose. 别把狗放开。 10. cheat (v.) 作弊 cheat in/at 在……中作弊 eg: He never cheated in/at exams. 他考试从不作弊。 cheat (v.) 欺骗，骗取 ★ cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗取某人某物 eg: They cheated the old woman (out) of her house and money. 他们骗取了老妇人的房屋和钱财。 ★ cheat sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事 eg: The salesman cheated me into buying those useless things. 那个推销员骗我买了那些没用的东西。 cheat(n.) 骗子；欺骗行为 eg: We all hated that cheat’s cheat. 我们都憎恨那个骗子的欺骗行为。 11. go through ①.经历,遭受 eg: Frank went through many dangers during the war. 法兰克在战争中经历了很多危险。 ②.通过,穿过(从中间或内部)eg: I’m afraid of going through that dark forest.5我害怕穿越那个黑暗的森林。 ③.仔细查看 eg: The police went through each pocket of the thief. 警察检查了窃贼了每一只口袋。 12. crazy 疯的；痴迷 be crazy about 对……痴迷 eg: He is crazy about dancing. 他痴迷于跳舞。 be crazy to do sth. 疯狂做某事 eg: You’re crazy to go out in this stormy night. 在这样暴风的夜晚出去，你真是疯了。 拓展：go crazy 发疯 13. share(v.) 分享；分担 share (in) sth. 分享/分担某事或某物 eg: 1.We shared (in) the delicious meal. 我们分享了美餐。 2.She will share (in) my troubles as my joys. 她愿和我苦乐与共。 ★share (in) sth. with sb. 与某人分享/分担某事或某物 eg: 1.He hated to share (in) the hotel bedroom with a stranger. 他讨厌和陌生人分享一个房间。 2.My wife shared (in) distress with me. 我妻子与我共患难。 share(n.) 一份，份额 eg: I only want my share. 我只要我的那份。 have/take one’s share of… 负担……的部分 eg: I’ll take my share of the cost. 我负担我那部分的费用。 14. nature 自然，15. 大自然 the balance of nature 自然界的平衡；生态平衡 natural(adj.) 自然的，自然界的 naturally(adv.) 自然地，自然界地 16. purpose 目的，17. 意图 eg: our main purpose is to make money. 我们的主要目的是赚钱。 on purpose 故意= purposely(adv) (opp.)by accident/chance 偶然 eg: He stepped on my foot on purpose/purposely. 他故意踩我的脚。 拓展：★for the purpose of (doing sth.) 为了……的目的(做某事) eg: Do you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family? 你来伦敦的目的是为看你的家人吗？ ★with the purpose of (doing sth.) 怀着……的目的（做某事）eg: He went to town with the purpose of buying a new TV 他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。618. 辨析in order to, in order that与so as to in order to, in order that既可放句首，又可放句中 so as to 只能放句中 eg: 1.They went to Beijing in order to/so as to attend an important meeting. 2.In order to attend an important meeting, they went to Beijing. 而用in order that/so that时，从句中要加情态动词 eg: She has bought the book in order that/so that she can follow the TV lessons. 她为了能跟上电视课程买了这本书。 同样，in order that 可置句首、句中，而so that只能置于句中。 拓展：★(opp.) in order not to/so as not to eg: I got up very early in order not to/so as not to be late. 19. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. 但是当月光太亮的时候，我不敢打开窗户。 far: 程度副词，可修饰 形容词或副词 “…得多；过于…；远比…更…” 形容词或副词的比较级 too eg: 1.South America is far different from North America. 南北美洲差异极大。 （修饰形容词） 2.This one is far better. 这个要好得多。 （修饰比较级） 3.She has done far too little. 她做的远远不够。 （修饰too） 4.I have been talking far too much. 我实在说的太多太多了。 （修饰too） 辨析： far “……得多”， by 常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级， 以加强语气， 置于后面； 若带有the或a时，置于前后都可以。 eg: 1.This one is better by far. 最高要好得多。 2.She is by far the best.=she is the best by far. 她显然是最优秀的。 ★dare:用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，过去式为dared,其他各 人称都用dare。 eg: 1.Tom dared not go alone. 汤姆不敢独自去。 2.Dare you ask him? 你敢问他吗？ 3.If he dare go out of the house, I will punish him. 如果他胆敢走出这个房间，我就要惩罚他。 ★dare:用作实意动词时， 它有一般动词的全部形式： dares,dared,dared,daring,后加带to的不定式， 但在否定句和疑问句中，其后的不定式符号to可以省去，而daring后的to一般不能省。 eg: 1.He didn’t dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。 2.How did you dare (to) tell her? 你怎么竟敢告诉她了？ 3.I dare to tell him what I think of him. 我敢告诉他我对他的看法。 4.The little boy stopped at the door, not daring to enter. 那个小男孩站在门口，不敢进去。17．I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. set down = write down/put down 写下，记下 eg: Please set down what you said just now. 请把你刚才所说的话写下来。 set down 把……放下7eg: He set down the heavy box and rested for a while. 他放下重盒休息了一会。 ★a series of 一连串的；一系列的；一套 a series of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语 eg: A series of rainy days is going to spoil their holidays. 连绵的雨天将毁了他们的假期。 18.feelings(pl.) 感情，情感 eg: I’m afraid what you said hurt her feelings. 恐怕你的话伤了她的感情。 辨析：feeling 感觉，知觉 eg: 1.a feeling of cold 冷的感觉 2.i have a feeling that we are being followed. 我觉得有人跟踪我们。 19.according to(介词)后面须接 n.、pron.、或v-ing, 不能接to do 结构。 “按照，根据……所说” eg: 1.each worker will get paid according to the amount of his work. 每个工人将根据其工作量来获得报酬。 2.According to george, it was not the driver’s fault. 按照乔治的说法，那不是司机的过错。 20.power(n.) ⑴.力量，能力，操纵力：in one’s power 在某人的控制下 ⑵.权利：come into power 掌权 ⑶.动力，电力：electric power 电力；water power 水力 Powerful(adj.) (opp.) powerless(adj.) 21.outdoors(adv.) 户外 indoors(adv.) 户内 outdoor(adj.) 户外的 indoor(adj.) 户内的 eg: 1.Many flowers can be grown indoors. 2.I prefer outdoor sports. 22.suffer(v.) 遭受 eg: Many people in the war suffered hunger. 战争中许多人遭受饥饿/忍饥挨饿。 ★ suffer from 遭受……之苦；患病 eg: She often suffers from headaches. 她常常头痛。 Suffering(n.) 痛苦；苦难 23.★happen to do sth.=It happens that从句：“碰巧……”,有一般式，进行式和完成式。 eg: 1.I happened to be there when the accident took place.=It happened that I was there when the accident took place. 事故发生时我碰巧在那里。 （一般式）2.I happened to be bathing when the telephone rang.=It happened that I was bathing when the telephone rang. 电话响时我恰好在洗澡。 （进行式） 3.He happened to have seen the film.=It happened that he had seen the film. 他碰巧已经看过这部电影了。 （完成式） happen的否定式有两种： do not happen to do和 happen not to do eg: 1.I didn’t happen to take any money with me.82.I happened not to take any money with me. 我碰巧没带钱。 happen to的there be句型：There happens to be……“恰好有一个……” eg: There happened to be a post office in the next street. 恰好在下条街上有一家邮局。 拓展：happen to sb./sth. 发生在……身上 eg: 1.What has happened to Jim? 吉姆怎么啦？/吉姆发生什么事了？ 2.If anything happens to the machine, do let me know. 如果机器出了毛病，务必通知我。 Happenings(n.) 所发生的事 24.Jews were caught by Nazis and put away. 尤太人被纳粹抓起来并被送进监狱。 Jew(n.) 尤太人 Jewish(adj.) 尤太的，尤太人的 put (sb.) away 把（某人）关押起来 put away 把……收起来 eg: Put these tools away after you finished the work. 25.thunder(n.) 雷，雷声 lighting(n.) 闪电 thunderous(adj.)26.trust(v.) 相信，信任 trust sb./sth. 相信/信任某人/某事 eg: We trust him because he has never cheated anyone. trust(n.) have/put trust in sb./sth. eg: 1.You should have trust in the doctor. 你应该相信医生。 2.Don’t put your trust in that man, he may trick. 别相信那个男人，他会骗你的。 27.stay close(adv.) to…待得离……很近 具体的、真正的距离概念 而 closely(adv.) 仔细地，严密地 是一个抽象的概念 eg: He stood close to his brother and looked at the map closely. 他站在他哥哥的旁边，仔细地看着地图。 链接：close(adj.) ⑴.离……近的 get close to 靠近……（强调动作） be close to 离……近（强调状态） eg: When you find a child is close to the pool, don’t let him get closer to it. 当 你发现一个小孩在池边时，别让他再靠近了。 ⑵.亲密的 eg: a close friend 一位密友28.German(n.) 德国人；德语 (pl.) Germans 德国人的复数形式 (adj.) 德国的，德国人的；德语的 Germany(n.) 德国（国名） 29.teenager(n.) 十几岁的青少年 eg: a club for teenagers 青少年俱乐部 teenage(adj.) 青少年的9eg: teenage problem 青少年问题 拓展：teens 指的是13～19岁的年龄；十几岁 30.get along/on with sb. 与某人相处得……（进行时用的较多） get along/on with sth. 某事进展得…… +well,nicely,badly等，表示相处/进展的程度 eg: 1.He gets along/on very well with his classmates. 他和他的同班同学相处得非常好。 2.How are you getting along/on with your study? 你学习进展得怎么样了？ 3.How are you getting along? 你过得怎样？ 31.gossip(n.) 闲话；流言蜚语 eg: She had a gossip with her neighbour. 她与邻居闲聊了一会。 gossip(v.) gossip (with sb.) about sb./sth. 与（某人）闲聊/流短蜚长…… eg: It’s getting late, I must stop gossiping with you about those useless topics any longer.天色晚 了，我得停止和你聊那些无聊的话题了。 32.fall in love (with) 爱上…… eg: 1.They met at a party and immediately fell in love. 他们在一次聚会上相遇并一见钟情。 2.At the age of 24, she fell in love with a teacher, and two years later, they got married. 她 在24岁时爱上了一位老师，两年后他们结婚了。 辨析：fall in love (with) 表短暂性的动作 be in love (with) 表持续性的状态，可与一段时间连用 eg: 1.The two young people have been in love with each other for five years. 两个年轻人相恋已经有五年了。 2.It is five years since they fell in love with each other. 33.｀edit(v.) 编辑，编排 ｀editor(n.) 编辑，编者 e｀dition(n.) 版本，版次34.★advice(Un.) 建议，忠告 advice ［s］ eg: a piece of advice 一条建议/忠告 follow/take one’s advice 接受/听从某人的建议 ask for sb’s advice=ask sb for advice 征询某人的意见 give sb some advice on (doing) sth. 给某人提关于……的建议 eg: Mr. Smith gave us some good advice on the study of English. 史密斯先生给了我们一些如何学习英语的建议。 advise(v.) advise ［z］ ⑴．advise sth. 建议某事 eg: He advised an early start. 他建议早点出发。 ⑵. advise doing sth. 建议做某事 eg: He advised putting off the meeting. 他建议推迟会议。10⑶. advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事 eg: I’ve advised my father not to smoke any more. 我建议我的父亲别再吸烟了。 ⑷. advise sb. +疑问词+不定式 建议某人…… eg: Could you advise me how to do it? 你能告诉我该怎样做这件事吗？ ★⑸. advise (sb.) that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人应该做某事 注意：这是一个虚拟语气 eg: The teacher advised us that we (should) speak English in and out of class. 老师建议我们课内课外都应该说英语。 35.situation(n.) 情形；形势；境况；局面；位置，场所 eg: 1.He is now in a difficult situation. 目前他处境艰难。 2.you should know something about the present international situation. 你应该知道一些当前的国际形势。 3.This is a good situation to draw tourists. 这是一个吸引游客的好位置。 36.make an effort(Cn.) to do sth. 努力做某事 make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 make great efforts to do sth. 全力做某事 eg: 1.They made every effort to finish the work on time. 他们尽一切努力准时地完成了工作。 2.He has made great efforts to learn English, but he still failed. 他已经尽全力学英语了，但是他还是失败了。 37.communicate(v.) 交际，沟通 ★communicate with sb. 与某人交际/沟通 eg: 1.We communicate with each other by e-mail. 我们用电子邮件相互交际。 2.I’m not good at communicating with people. 我不善与人交际。 拓展：communication(n.)eg: The satellites has become an important means of communication. 卫星已经成为一种重要的通讯工具。 Communications(n.) 通讯系统，交通设施 eg: Our city has excellent communications with all parts of the country. 我们城市有完备的交通网与全国各地联系。 38.grateful=thankful(adj.) 感谢的，感激的 eg: He was grateful that she kept the secret for him. 他很感激她为他保守了这个秘密。 be grateful to sb. eg: I’m very grateful to all the teachers for their help. 我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。 39.habit(n.) 习惯11⑴.have the/a habit of doing sth. 有做……的习惯 ⑵.form/build up/develop the/a habit of 养成……的习惯 ⑶.fall/get into the/a habit of 沾染上……的习惯 ⑷.get out of/give up/kick the/a habit of 戒除……的习惯 eg: 1.He has the habit of getting up early. 他有早起的习惯。 2.He has formed the good habit of taking notes in class. 他已经养成了在课上作笔记的好习惯。 3.When did you fall/get into the habit of smoking? 你什么时候染上吸烟的习惯的？ 4.It’s hard to get out of the habit of taking drugs. 戒除吸毒的恶习很难。II. Sentences 1. Your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle. 你的朋友直到擦完车子才会走. not…until/till… 直到……才…… 在否定句中,主句谓语一般是终止性动词(如:come, go, arrive, leave等),且从句既可跟名词,也 可跟句子. eg: 1.I didn’t go to bed until/till midnight(名词). 我直到午夜才睡觉. 2.She won’t come until/till you call her(句子). 你打电话给她她才会来. ★not until可置句首,但主句须半倒装，助动词置于主语前，动词用原形，此时不可用till。 eg: 1.Not until last week did I receive his letter. 直到上星期我才收到他的信。 2.Not until I got to the station did I find my wallet stolen. 直到到了火车站，我才发现我的钱包被偷了。 ★ 也可用强调句式：It is/was not until…that…,用is还是was取决于that后面句子的时态。eg: 1.It was not until 2 o’clock in the early morning that I finished my work. 直到凌晨两点我才完成工作。 2.It is not until you promise to help her that she goes away. 直到你答应帮她她才会走。 而在肯定句中，主句谓语动词一般是延续性动词（如:stay, sleep, work, study等）,表示动作一 直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止，且从句既可跟名词，也可跟句子。 eg: 1.I will stay here until/till Friday(名词). 我将一直在这里待到星期五。 2.He worked in HongKong until/till his father found him a job in Canada(句子）. 在他父亲 给他在加拿大找到工作之前，他一直在香港工作。 2．While walking the dog, you were careless and … 在你遛狗的时候，你非常粗心…… while walking the dog=while you were walking the dog 在时间状语、条件状语以及让步状语从句中，主语和谓语可省略，但必须符合两个条件： ⑴.从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语为it； ⑵.从句中的谓语动词为be的某种形式，主动用现在分词。 eg: 1.When (you are) crossing the street, be careful. 2.She is very experienced, though (she is) very young. 3.If (it is) necessary, I’ll come to help you.12被动时用过去分词： eg: 1.When (it is) published, the novel will become one of the bestsellers of the year.这部小说被 出版以后将成为今年最畅销书之一。 2.If (he was) given more time, he could finish all the work. 如果再给他多点时间，他就能完成全部的工作。 3．Tell him that he should have studied. 告诉他他本应该好好学习的。 should/ought to have done 过去本应该做某事而实际上却没做 这是一种与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,同时表示一种比较婉转的自责或责备。 eg: 1.I should have come earlier. 我本来应该早点来的。 (实际上没早来) 2.You should have washed the wound, but you haven’t. 你本应该把伤口洗一洗的，但你没有。 （实际上没有洗） (opp.) shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done 过去本不该做的事而实际上却做了 eg: 1.You shouldn’t have told him about it. 你本不应该把这件事告诉他的。 （实际上告诉了） 2.She shouldn’t have taken away my dictionary, for I wanted to use it. 她本不该把我的词典拿走的，因为我自己要用了。 （其实已经拿走了） 4．Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想不想要一位你可以向他倾诉一切的朋友，比如你最深的情感与思想？ I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. 我不想像大多数人那样，在日记中把一系列的事都记下来。 当like与as都解释为“像……；如……”时， like后跟词或词组 as后跟句子5．She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovere她和她的家 人躲藏了两年零一个月之后才被发现。 Before在句中用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前；……之后才……；没来得 及……就……” eg: 1.He had left before I could have a word with him. 我还没来得及和他说句话，他就离开了。 2.The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it. 大火持续了四个小时，消防人员才把它控制住。 ★6．If it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. it is…that…为强调句，强调because引导的原因状语从句。 结构：It is/was+被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语〔以时间和地点状语为多〕 ）+that/who…(被强 调部分指人时可用who或that，指物时只能用that) eg: 1.It was we who/that held an English evening in the school hall last night. 昨天晚上是我们在学校大厅举办的摇晚会。 （强调主语） 2.It was an English evening that we held in the school hall last night. 昨天晚上我们在学校大厅举办的是英语晚会。 （强调宾语） 3.It was in the school hall that we held an English evening last night. 昨天晚上我们是在学校大厅举办的英语晚会。 （强调地点状语） 4.It was last night that we held an English evening in the school hall. 我们是昨天晚上在学校举办的英语晚会。 （强调时间状语）137．It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… 结构：It is/was the+序数词+time+that引导的从句（用现在完成时或过去完成时） 这是某人第几次做某事。 在非正式语体中，it可用this或that代替。 eg: 1.It/This is the third time that you have been late this term. 这是你这个学期第三次迟到了。 2.It was the second time that our boss had made investment in this city. 这是我们老板第二次在这个城市投资。 III. Grammar Direct speech and Indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) ⑴.时态变化：如果主句谓语动词为现在时，从句时态无须变化；当主句谓语的动词时态为过去 时时，则从句谓语应做相应变化： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变★⑵.特殊情况：出现下列情况时，从句的时态也不必变化 ①.直接引语的内容为普遍存在的客观真理； ②.直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的时间状语； ③.直接引语本身就是过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时； ④.直接引语中有should,could,would,ought to,must,had better,would rathe时； ⑤.当主句中动词的主语是第一人称时，间接引语中的人称代词不变； ⑥.当直接引语中的主语是第三人称时，间接引语中的人称也勿须变化。 eg: 1.The teacher said,“The earth travels around the sun.” The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun. 2.Mr. John said,“I visited the Great Wall in 1998.” Mr. John said that he visited the Great Wall in 1998. 3.Mary said,“I must finish the work in time.” Mary said that she must finish the work in time. 4.I said,“You did quite well.” I said that you had done quite well. 5.Tom said to me,“She will fly to Beijing.” Tom told me that she would fly to Beijing. ⑶.句式变化 ①.陈述句和感叹句变为间接引语时，一般变为加that引导的宾语从句（that可省） ，感叹号变14为句号；谓语动词是say/said to sb.的要改为tell/told sb.。 eg: 1.He often says,“China is great.” He often says (that) China is great. 2.He often says to me,“What a great country China is!” He often tells me (that) China is such a great country. ②.一般疑问句， 加if或whether,直接引语中的疑问句式变为间接引语中的陈述句式,后加句号； 谓语动词是say/said (to sb.)的要改为ask/asked (sb.)。 eg: 1.He said,“Did you see her last night?” He asked (me) if/whether I had seen her the night before. 2.mother said to me,“ did you do your homework yesterday?” Mother asked me if/whether I had done my homework the day before. 另外，选择疑问句和反意疑问句，多用whether连接，其他一样。 eg: 1.He said,“Did Tom leave today or yesterday?” He asked whether Tom had left that day or the day before. 2.“You’ve already finished your experiment, haven’t you?” asked the teacher. The teacher asked me whether I had already finished my experiment. 如果是否定的一般疑问句，则用whether…or not连接，其他一样。 eg: He said,“Don’t you know I’m one of you?” He asked (us) whether we knew he was one of us or not. ③.特殊疑问句，疑问词加上陈述语序,再加句号，其他不变。 eg: 1.“What are you doing now?” he asked. He asked me what I was doing then. 2.He asked,“How are you getting along, Tom?” He asked Tom how he was getting along. ④.祈使句， 要将动词原形变为带to的不定式， 并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order等动词，如果祈使句的否定式，在其前面加not。 eg: 1.She said to us,“Please sit down.” She asked us to sit down. 2.He said,“Don’t make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. 3.He said to him,“Go away!” He ordered him to go away. ⑷.指示代词的变化： 直接引语 this 间接引语 That15these ⑸.地点状语和部分方向性动词的变化： 直接引语 here come bringthose间接引语 there go take说明：如果在当地转述，here不必改为there, come不必改为go，bring也不用改。 ⑹.时间状语的变化： 直接引语 today 今天 yesterday 昨天 tomorrow 明天 next week(month,year…) 下周（下月，明年……） tonight 今晚 that day 那天 the day before 前一天 the next day/the following day 第二天 the next week(month,year…) 第二周（月，年……） that night 那天晚上 间接引语last week(month,year…) 上周（上个月，去年……） the week(month,year…) before 前一周（月，年……） the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天 ago 以前 now 现在 so far 迄今为止 two days later 两天后 two days before/earlie 两天前 before/earlie 以前 then 那时 by then 到那时说明：如果是在当天转述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语不必改变。Unit 2 English Around The World I. Words and Phrases 1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English in the world? 你知道世界上不止有一种英语吗? more than one + 单数可数名词：“不止一个”，语意上为复数，但谓语动词用单数。 Eg: More than one person has made the suggestion. 不止一个人提过这个建议。 拓展：more + 复数名词 + than one做主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Eg: More persons than one are concerned with this accident.16不止一个人与这个事故有关。 链接：more than ⑴.= over超过，多于 Eg: There were more than 100 people at the party. ⑵.= not only不只是，不仅仅是 Eg: 1.Helen and Mary are more than classmates, they are close friends. 海伦和玛丽不只是同班同学，她们更是知心朋友。 2.Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不仅仅用于建筑。 ⑶.more than后面接形容词、副词或分词= very：“很，非常”。 Eg: 1.When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come. 当我向他们求助时，他们非常乐意地就来了。 2.I’m more than willing to help you. 我很愿意帮助你。 ⑷.more than +主语 + can +谓语， 表示否定意义； “是……所不能……， 非…… 所能……” Eg: 1.What the leader said was more than we could understand. 这位领导所讲的话是我们所不能理解的。 2.That was more than they could do. 那是他们力所不能及的事情。 拓展：★⑴.more…than…: 与其说……不如说……（more和than后接相同的成分） Eg: 1.He’s more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。 2.He’s more a writer than a teacher. 与其说他是老师，不如说他是作家。 ⑵.no more than 不过，仅仅 Eg: He appears very rich, in fact he is no more than an ordinary worker. 他看上去很富有，事实上他不过/仅仅是个普通的工人。 2．In some important ways they are very different from one another. 在某些重要的方面，它们相互之间差异很大。 A.in some important ways: way作“方面”解时，常与in搭配。 辨析：⑴.in this/that way = by this/that means 用这/那种方法 ⑵.in the/one’s way 挡道，碍事 Eg: Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社交生活妨碍了她的学业。 ⑶.in a/one way 在某种程度上 Eg: This work is well done in one way. 从某种程度上说，这工作做得不错。 B.one another “相互，彼此”，一般强调三者或三者以上之间的相互，而each other侧重于两者 之间的相互。 Eg: 1.We should often communicate with one another/each other. 我们相互应该多交流。 2.The two brothers help each other in their lives. 这两兄弟在生活中互相帮助。 3. They include Canadian, British, American, Australian and Indian English. include(v.) 包含，包括；把…算在内 eg: 1.The price includes both house and furniture. 房价包括了房子和家具。 2.Please include me in the list.17请把我列入名单中。 ★include在引出一个解释性短语时，要注意分清用介词including还是用过去分词 included: including表主动，放于名词或代词前；included表被动，放于名词或代词后。 Eg: 1.Six people were injured in the accident, including three children. 六个人在事故中受了伤，其中包括三个儿童。 2.All of us, me included, are baseball fans. 我们大家，包括我在内都是棒球迷。 3.There are many passengers on the bus, including some children.= There are many passengers on the bus, some children included. 公共汽车上有许多乘客，其中包括一些孩子。 4. World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language. 世界英语来自于那些把英语当作第一、第二语言的国家，英语在那些国家起着非常重要的作 用，这是因为外国的习惯，或是因为英语作为一种国际语言的特殊作用所致。 A. play a role/part (in) (在……中)担任角色； （在……中）起作用 eg: 1.The UN plays an important role in international relations. 联合国在国际关系中扮演着重要的角色。 2.The teacher played a very active part in this type of classroom activity. 在这类课堂活动中教师起了非常积极的作用。 拓展：play the role/part of 担任……的角色（较具体，一般指在戏剧或影片中） Eg: 1.He played the role of Hamlet in the play. 他在这部剧中扮演了哈姆雷特。 2.She plays the role of a young doctor in the film. 她在这部电影中扮演一名年轻医生。 B. because of (复C. 合介词)，D. 其后接名E. 词、代词、动名F. 词或what引导的名G. 词性从句。 Eg: 1.He was late for school because of the heavy fog（名词）. 2.I said nothing about it, because of his father being there（动名词）. 因为他父亲在那里，我对此事只字未提。 3.She was angry because of what he said（what引导的名词性从句）. 因为他所说的话，她生气了。 辨析：because of(介词) + 名词、代词、动名词或what引导的名词性从句 一个词 because(连词) + 原因状语从句 一个句子eg: He is absent because he is ill(一个句子). He is absent because of his illness(一个词). 他因病缺席。 C.rule ⑴.= a habit 习惯，惯例 Eg: He makes it a rule to do an hour’s work in the garden every day. 他有每天在花园工作一小时的习惯。 ⑵.统治(v.)/(n.) Eg: 1.King Charles I ruled England for 11 years without a parliament. 查理一世国王对英国实行了十一年的无议会统治。 2.Britain was under the rule of Saxons then. 英国当时处于撒逊人的统治之下。 ⑶.规则，规定；准则18Eg. Jim was scolded by the teacher because he had broken the school rule again. 吉姆 受到老师批评是因为他又违反了校规。 10. So when you hear two native speakers of English, they may still not speak the same kind of English. 所以当你听到两个把英语作为母语的人说英语时,他们所讲的英语也许还不尽相同. native(adj.) ⑴.本国的,本地的 eg: 1.one’s native language 本国语,本族语;母语 2.one’s native country/land 祖国 3.one’s native place 出生地,故土 4.native English speakers = native speakers of English 以英语为母语的人 ⑵.(动、植物等)土产的，原产于……（常接介词to） Eg: The giant panda is native to China. 大熊猫原产于中国。 native(n.) 本国人，本地人 Eg: He is a native of Beijing. 他是北京人。 11. Nearly all of them lived in English. 几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。 nearly 几乎，差不多： 多用于数量、时间、空间上的接近，在肯定句中可与almost互换。 Eg: 1.Nearly/Almost all the guests are here. 差不多所有的客人都到了。 2.I’ve nearly/almost finished. 我差不多完成了。 3.It’s nearly (= about)/almost 5 o’clock. 差不多5点了。 辨析： ⑴.nearly可和not连用，意为“远非，远远不够”；而almost不能和not连用。 Eg: 1.It’s not nearly so easy as you think. 这远不像你所想象的那么容易。 2.There are not nearly enough people to do the job. 做这份工作的人手远远不够。 ⑵.nearly可被very、pretty等副词所修饰，表程度。 Eg: I know very/pretty nearly all the secrets of her married life. 她的婚姻生活的秘密我几乎全知道。 ⑶.almost修饰表感觉、感情或心理活动的词，可与no, none, nobody, nothing, never, no one, nowhere等否定词连用；而nearly却不能和这些否定词连用。 Eg: 1.Almost no one believed her. 几乎没人相信她。 2.I almost never spoke to her. 我几乎从来没和她说过话。 ⑷.almost也可修饰more than和 而nearly 不能。 Eg: That was almost too little. 那几乎太少了。 Drills:单句改错 1.I nearly wish I had taken his advice then. 2.There is nearly no water in the bottle. 3.There isn’t almost enough money for a new car. 12. China may have the largest number of English speakers. 中国也许是说英语的人数最多的国家。 India has a large number of English speakers. 印度拥有众多讲英语的人。19辨析：the number of ……的数量/数目，其后面应接可数名词的复数形式，用作主语时谓语动 词要用单数。 Eg: 1.The number of girls in their school is small/large. 他们学校女生人数很少/很多。 2.The number of jobless people grows. 失业的人数在增加。 a number of = many 大量，许多，其后面应接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词 用复数，可用large、great等词来修饰，表程度。 Eg: A large/great number of people have applied for the job. 很多人申请了这份工作。 13. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 以英语为母语的人，14. 即使他们所讲的英语不15. 尽相同，16. 也 可 以 相 互 理 解。 even if = even though “即使，虽然，尽管，纵然”，是一个连词词组，引导让步状语从句。 Eg: 1.I will not go to his party even if/though he invites me. 即使他邀请我，我也不会去参加他的聚会的。 2.They will support you even if/though you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你的。 3.He borrowed my mower even if/though I told him not to. 尽管我告诉他我不能把割草机借给他，他还是借了。 注意：若主从句皆表示将来的情况，even if/though 从句要用一般现在时，如上述1, 2两例。 10．However, they may not be able to understand everything. 然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。 be able to do sth. 能够做某事 ⑴.时态可用一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时以及完成时。 Eg: He said he would be able to catch up with me this term, so he did. 他说这个学期能够赶上我，他的确做到了。 而can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 ★⑵.be able to 用一般过去时表示经过努力后办到了或成功地做了某事: was/were able to, 此 时不能用could代替。 Eg: 1.The fire spread quickly in the hotel, but everyone was able to escape. 大火在旅馆中迅速蔓延，但每个人都逃了出来。2.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. 战争爆发前他成功地离开了欧洲。 而could只表示有能力但并不一定办到了。 Eg: He said he could finish the task on time. 他说他能准时完成这项任务。 （不知道是否完成了） 17. Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 请到我的公寓来看看好吗？ A. come up ⑴.上来，B. 走近；临近 eg: 1.She came up and said,“Glad to meet you.” 她走过来说：“很高兴见到你。” 2.Christmas is coming up soon. 圣诞节就要到了。 ⑵.（植物等）长出地面；发芽20Eg: The seeds I sowed last week have already come up. 我上星期种下的种子已经发芽了。 ⑶.发出，被提出 Eg: The question came up at the meeting yesterday. 这个问题是在昨天的会议上提出来的。 ⑷.（太阳、月亮等）升起，上升 Eg: The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up. 月亮升起时，天空是深蓝色的，非常晴朗。 C. flat(n.) 公寓 = apartment flat(adj.) ⑴.平的，扁平的；平坦的 eg: The floor is quite flat. 地面十分平坦。 flat land = plain 平原 ⑵.平淡的，乏味的 Eg: He always makes a flat speech. 他老是发表平淡乏味的演说。 18. Her Canadian friend might explain. 她的加拿大朋友可能会解释道。 A. might 在此句中并非过去式，B. 仍指C. 现在，D.语气较缓和、委婉，E. 含有不F. 确 定的语气，G. 和may 相比，H. 它表示的可能性更小，I. 含义更不J. 肯定。 辨析：can, may, must 与not 连用时的意义 can not 不能够 may not 可能不 must not 禁止，不允许，不可以 表推测时，must用于肯定句中，而can常用于否定句中。 B. explain 解释，说明 后面可以接名词、代词或从句，常用于explain to sb./sth. 或explain sth. to sb. 结构中 Eg: 1.It’s difficult to explain the problem to him. 跟他解释这个问题太难了。 2.Can you explain the situation to? 你能向我说明一下情况吗？ 拓展：explanation(n.) Eg: She left the room without any explanation. 她没作任何解释就离开了房间。 19. So why has English changed over time? 那么英语在一段时间里为什么会发生变化呢？ over 此处为“（时间）在……期间，在某一段时间内”= during eg: 1.I studied at home over the summer holidays. 暑假期间我一直在家学习。2.Qver the years he’s become more and more patient. 在在些年中他变得越来越有耐心了。 20. culture(n.) 文化 eg: 1.Universities should be centers of culture. 大学应该是文化的中心。 2.He has studies the cultures of various western countries. 他研究了各西方国家的文化。 拓展：cultural(adj.) 文化的；与文化有关的 21. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. 实际上，当时的英语更多地是建立在德语基础之上而不是现代英语。 A. be based on/upon 建立在……基础之上，B. 以……为基础，C.此 形 式 是 base sth. on/upon 的被动形式。21Eg: 1.This book is based on a true story. = We base this book on a true story. 这本书是以一个真实的故事为基础写成的。 2.We should base our future achievements on today’s hard work. = Our future achievements should be based on today’s hard work. 我们应该把未来的成就建立在今天之努力工作上。 Drills: 单句练习 1. He based his words on newspaper news. 2. His thought was based on practice. 拓展：base(n.) 基础；基地 basic(adj.) 基础的，基本的 B. ⑴.present(adj.) ①.现在的，目前的；现存的 Eg: I’m very concerned about the present international situation. 我很关心当前的国际形势。 ★②.出席的，到场的 be present at 出席 eg: He wasn’t present at the meeting today 他今天没出席会议。 ⑵. present(n.) 现在，目前 ★①at present(n.) = at the present(adj.) time 现在，目前 Eg: I don’t need the book at present. 目前我还不需要这本书。 ②.for the present 就目前来说，暂时 Eg: We shall not need any more.我们暂时不需要更多的了。 ⑶.present(n.) 礼物 22. It became closer to the language you are learning now. 它变得更接近你们现在正在学习的语言。 close to(介词) + 名词、代词或动名词：靠近，接近；几乎 eg: 1.The chemical works is close to the school（名词）. 这家化工厂离学校很近。 2.Our football team was so close to winning（动名词） the game. 我们的足球队几乎要赢了。 23. In the 1600’s, Shakespeare make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 在十七世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前更广泛。 A. in the 1600’s 在十七世纪, 也写作：in the 1600s eg: in the 1970’s/1970s 在二十世纪七十年代 in late 1990’s/1990s 在二十世纪九十年代末 链接：in one’s + 几十的复数形式：在某人几十岁的时候 Eg: in one’s twenties 在某人二十岁左右 in one’s fifties 在某人五十岁的时候 B. make use(n.) of 利用 make good/full/little/the best/more …use of 好好/充分/很少/最好/更多……利用 eg: 1.We must make good use of our limited time and money.（主动） 我们必须好好利用我们有限的时间和金钱。 2.This machine has been made full use of. （被动） 这台机器已得到了充分的利用。 3.Very little use was made of the scientific technology in the past. （被动） 过去对科技很少利用。2224. One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of English Language, giving American English its own identity. 英语用法发生了一次大变化，那就是在诺亚.韦伯斯特编撰《美国英语词典》的那个时期， 这本词典体现了美国英语的特色。 identity(n.) ⑴.本身，身份 an identity card = ID card 身份证 eg: His driving licence revealed his identity. 他的驾驶执照证明了他的身份。 ⑵.特性；个性 Eg: a region with its own cultural identity 一个具有自己文化特性的区域 拓展：identify(v.) 确认，证明；认出 Eg: 1.The police need someone to identify the murder. 警方需要有人出来辨认凶手。 2.Can you identify your bike among these bikes? 你能在这些自行车中认出你自己的那一辆吗？ 25. During that time English became the language for government and education. government(n.) 政府 集合名词 作主语时谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。 Eg: Government is/are discussing the proposal. 政府正在讨论这一提议。 拓展：govern(v.) = rule 统治；治理 Eg: Who really governs this country? 谁真正统治着这个国家。 governor(n.) 统治者，管理者；政府官员 26. English is also spoken in many other countries in Africa and Asia, such as South Africa, Singapore and Malaysia. 在非洲和亚洲许多其他国家，比如南非、新加坡、马来西亚等国，人们也说英语。 such as = like “像这样的，诸如……之类的，比如……” （着重列举事物） eg: She likes drinks such as tea and coffee. 她喜欢诸如茶和咖啡之类的饮料。 such as 有时也可分开使用Eg: He bought such things as pens and a dictionary in the supermarket. 他在超市买了钢笔、词典之类的东西。 辨析：for example 例如，举个例子说 举例说明前面的观点，往往用逗号隔开，后面可接句子，具有解释说明性。 Eg: 1.For example, John has the same opinion. 比如，约翰就有相同的看法。 2.China is rich in natural resources, for example, it exports a lot of coal every year. 中国自然资源丰富，举个例子说，每年都要出口大量的煤。II. Sentences 1. They may still not speak the same kind of English. 此句为部分否定句，常见的部分否定结构有： ⑴.not 与 all, both, every, everybody, everything, everywhere等连用； Eg: 1.Not all the students could solve this problem. = All the students could not solve this problem. = Some students could not solve this problem.23并不是所有的学生都能解决这个问题。 2.This kind of flower is not found everywhere. 这种花不是处处都有。 ⑵.not 与副词always, entirely, quite等连用：not always=sometimes, not entirely=partly Eg: He isn’t always late for work. 他也不是上班老迟到。 ⑶.含有seldom, hardly, little, few等否定词的句子也属于部分否定。 Eg: 1.We got little help from them. 我们没有从他们那儿得到什么帮助。 2.There were few people in the street. 街上人很少。 而要表示完全否定，则用none, neither, nobody, nowhere, never等。 Eg: 1.None of the students could solve this problem. 没有一个学生能解决这个问题的。 2.The dictionary is nowhere to be found. 那本词典哪儿也找不到。 Drills: 句型转换 1.Both of them don’t know the answer. _______________________________(同义句) _______________________________(完全否定句) 2.Not everyone likes the book. _______________________(同义句) _______________________(完全否定句) 2. The English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. 公元450年至1150年间人们所说的英语与现在所说的英语很不相同。 句中spoken between about AD 450 and 1150与spoken today都是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 English, 别相当于定语从句：which was spoken by people between about AD 450 and 1150 和 which is spoken by people today。 归纳：通常情况下，我们可用分词或分词短语来充当定语，相当于定语从句，这时doing 表主 动或进行 ，而done表示被动或完成。 Eg: 1.We met a group of children playing games in the garden = who were playing games in the garden. 我们在花园里遇到了一群正在做游戏的孩子。现在分词表主动、 （ 进行） 2.Is there anything planned for tonight = that has been planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？（过去分词表被动、完成） Drills: 1.The police caught the thief stealing the money in the bank. 2.The number of the people who were killed in the big fire has added up to 35. 3. One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of English Language, giving American English its own identity. 英语用法发生了一次大变化，那就是在诺亚.韦伯斯特编撰《美国英语词典》的那个时期， 这本词典体现了美国英语的特色。 句中的分词短语giving American English its own identity 为非限制性定语，相当于非限制性 定语从句 which gave American English its own identity, giving 现在分词作定语，表主动。 Eg: 1.There I met a friend, fishing. = There I met a friend , who was fishing. 我在那遇到一个朋友，他在钓鱼。 2.In these years, many changes have taken place, showing very rapid progress. = In these years, many changes have taken place, which show very rapid progress. 这些年发生了许多变化，表明进步是很快的。 拓展：过去分词也可作定语，但表示的是被动。24Eg: The project, completed in 2003, gave us more power. = The project, which was completed in 2003, gave us more power. 这项工程于2003年完成，它给了我们更多的电力。 以上两种形式也可用于限制性定语从句中，如sentence 2 就是此类形式。 Eg: 1.They lived in a room facing the south. = They lived in a room that faced the south. 他们住在一间朝南的房间里。 2.This is the book written by our English teacher. = This is the book which was written by our English teacher. 这就是我们英语老师写的那本书。III. Grammar 1. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。 This is because… “这是因为……”，because 引导了一个表原因的表语从句。 ★because, why 和 that 都可引导表原因的表语从句，但用法不同：because 表直接原因；why 引导的从句实质上表达的是结果；而that 引导的表语从句表原因时，主语通常是reason 或 what 引导的主语从句。 Eg: 1.This is why he came late. 这就是为什么他来晚了。 （why后跟结果） 2.The reason is that he didn’t catch the bus. 原因是他没赶上车。 ★在“The reason why … is/was that … ”结构中，只能用that 引导，而不能用because. Eg: She didn’t go to work. This was because her baby was ill. 她没去上班，这是因为她的小孩病了。 The reason why she didn’t go to work was that her baby was ill. 她没去上班的原因是她的小孩病了。 Unit 2 English Around The World Section II Learning About Language I. Words and Phrases 1. a set of 一套，2. 一组，3. 一副；一帮（伙） ，4. 后接可数名5. 词复6. 8. Eg: 词 a set of furniture(Un.) 一套家具 a new set of false teeth 一副新的假牙(注意new的位置) a set of farm tools 一套农具 a set of thieves 一帮（伙）盗贼 数或不7. 可数名2．elevator: a machine used for moving people or things up and down. be used for （某物）被用作……，后可接名词、代词或动名词。25Eg: Bamboo can be used for carrying water. 竹子可以被用来运水。 辨析：be used as 被当作……用 Eg: Leaves are usually used as bookmarks by children. 孩子们常常把树叶当作书签用。 （有主动形式） be used to do sth. 被用于做某事 Eg: Lift is used to carry people up and down. = Lift is used for carrying people up and down. ★be/get used to (doing) sth. 现在习惯于（做）某事 Eg: 1.He has been used to living in the country-side. 他已经习惯于住在乡村了。 2.He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦工作。 ★used to do sth. 过去常常/曾经做某事（现在不做了） Eg: 1.He used to read in the sun. 他过去常在太阳底下看书。 2.I used to live there when I was a child. 我小时候曾经住在那里。 3.He used to be a quiet boy. 他曾经是一个文静的男孩。 它的否定形式是：usedn’t/didn’t use to do sth.3．It’s not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speakers. 对于一个中国人来说，把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。 as well as 跟……一样好，是副词的原级比较。 Eg: He speaks English as well as Li Yang. 他英语说得跟李阳一样好。 ★拓展：as well as 不仅……而且……，既……又……；和，以及 Eg: 1.Our classroom is sunny as well as large. 我们的教室不仅大而且阳光充足。2.She is a smart musician as well as (being) a painter. 她不仅是个画家，还是个聪明的音乐家。 3.He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜又种花。 Drills: 单句改错 Peter, as well as his two sisters, Joan and Mary, are left-handed.264．辨析：English speaking 与 spoken English English speaking = English C speaking(adj.) “讲英语的”，用作定语，修饰名词。 Eg: Canada is an English C speaking country. 加拿大是个讲英语的国家。 spoken English(n.) = oral English “英语口语”，与written English（书面英语）相对。 Eg: His spoken English is very good. 他的英语口语非常好。5．Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary and usage. 阅读是提高你的词汇和用法最好的方法之一。 the way of doing sth. “做某事的方法” = the way to do sth. 注意：way of后不能接名词，要接名词只能用means of.。 Eg: 1.Man is trying to find ways to stop pollution. 人类正努力寻找制止污染的方法。 2.He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种别出心裁的方式使他的课生动有趣。 3.I have tried all possible means of communication. 我已经用了一切可能联系的办法。 （此句中不能用ways of communication） ★拓展： 若way后用定语从句来表明做……的方式， 引导词可用in which或that， 也可什么都不用。 Eg: I don’t like the way (that / in which) you speak to your parents. 我不喜欢你跟你父母说话的方式。6．It is the duty of a government to provide education for the children of its country. 给自己国家的孩子提供教育是一个政府的职责。 provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物 Eg: The government provide food and shelter for the refugees. = The government provide the refugees with food and shelter. 政府为难民提供食塑。 拓展：provide for “供养，提供生计“ Eg: He has a large family to provide for. 他有一个大家庭要供养。7．We will leave for the airport at a quarter past/after five. 五点一刻我们要动身去机场。27leave for “动身到……去；离开这里去……” 而 leave SpA. for SpB. “离开A地去B地” Eg: 1.I’ll leave for New York in a day or two. 我将在一两天后去纽约。 （指离开现在待的地方去纽约） 2.He is leaving China for Britain tomorrow. 他明天将离开中国到英国去。 （指离开A地去B地）8．I expect you to take me. 我希望你能带上我。 expect(v.) 期望，指望，希望；预计，预料 Eg: 1.I expect you to come here on time. 我希望你准时到这儿。 2.You can’t expect to learn a foreign language in a week. 你不要指望一个星期就能学好外语。 3.I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。 4.---Is it going to rain tonight? ---I expect so / not. 今天会下雨吗？ expect to do sth. 期望、指望作某事 expect + that 从句 期望，预计…… expect sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事我想会（我想不会） I expect not.=I don’t expect so. 。9．Can you find the following command and request from Warming up and Reading? 你能从预备和阅读部分中找到下面这些命令和要求吗？ In English, giving commands is less polite than making a request. 在英语中，下命令不如提出请求礼貌。 A. command(n.) 命令〔C〕 Eg: 1.All his commands were quickly obeyed. 大家迅速执行他所有的命令。 2.The general gave a command that they (should) start at once. 将军命令他们立即出发。 注意：command后若跟从句，从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，动词前 加should，也可省略。 指挥；控制 〔U〕 Eg: 1.The army is under the command of the king. 军队由国王直接统帅。282.Jack took command of the situation and got everyone out of the building safely. 杰克控制住了局势，并让所有的人安全地撤离了那栋楼。 掌握 〔U〕 Eg: Jill had a good command of French. 吉尔很好地掌握了法语。／吉尔精通法语。 Command(v.) 命令 Eg: 1.The general commanded his soldiers to attack the city. 将军命令他的士兵攻城。 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 2.He commanded that we (should) set off at once. 他命令我们立即出发 注意：动词command后的宾语从句也用(should) do。 指挥，统帅；控制 Eg: 1.The king commanded the armed forces. 国王统帅三军。 2.He was told to command his temper. 有人叫他控制脾气。 command + n. 掌握 Eg: He commands a large vocabulary. 他掌握了大量的词汇。 H. request(n.) 要求，I. 请求 Eg: 1.Mr. Paine made a request that I (should) help him. 佩恩先生请求我帮助他。 request 后面跟从句也用should do，should可省略。 2.There were no flowers at the funeral, by request. 按照要求，葬礼上没有摆花。 request(v.) request sth. request sb. to do sth. request sth. from/of sb. request + that 从句 Eg: 1.They requested financial support. 他们要求经济援助。 2.Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.29游客被要求不要动那些画。 3.I request nothing from you. 我对你一无所求。 4.He requested that he (should) be taken to the zoo. 他要求被带到动物园。 5.It was requested that all members of the club (should) attend the annual meeting. 要求所有的俱乐部会员参加年会。 动词request后接that从句也用should do, should 可省略。10．A bear is about to approach a boy.一只熊正逼近一个男孩。A. be about to do sth. “正要做某事，即将做某事”，表示眼下就要发生的动作，不可与表示具体 的将来时间状语连用，但可以和as 或when引导的时间状语从句连用。 Eg: 1.The plane is about to take off. 飞机就要起飞了。 2.She was about to leave when the telephone rang. 她正要离开，这时电话响了。 辨析：be going to do sth. 表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事；也可表示有迹象要发生的事。 Eg: 1.Are you going to visit the Science Museum this afternoon? 你今天下午打算去参观科学博物馆吗？ 2.Look at these black clouds, it’s going to rain. 看这些云，就要下雨了。 be to do sth. 也表示按计划安排要做的事，可与be going to do sth.互换，但be to do sth.也 有征求对方意见的意思。 Eg: 1.They are to visit Beijing next month. 他们将于下个月访问北京。 2.Am I to go on with the work? = Shall I go on with the work? 这工作我是不是接着干下去？ （表询问） B. approach(v.) 接近，靠近；走近 Eg: 1.After two hours’ climbing, we approached the top of the mountain. 爬了两个小时以后，我们接近了山顶。 2.Winter is fast approaching . 冬天快到了。 拓展：approach(v.) 处理；研究 Eg: 1.She approaches everything in a peculiar way. 她处理任何问题的方式都很怪。 2.This is how I approached the history.30我就是这样研究历史的。 approach(n.) 接近；途径，方法 Eg: 1.The approach of winter brings cold weacher. 冬天快到了，天气要转冷了。 2.All approaches were blocked. 所有道路都堵塞了。 11．What do you say to him to make sure that he won’t be hurt. 你对他说什么以确保他不受伤害？ Make sure “确保，一定要，弄清楚”，后接of短语或宾语从句。 Eg: 1.We must make sure of the facts. 我们必须查明事实。 2.I’ll make sure that the letter leaves tonight. 我将设法今晚把信发出去。 3.You’d better make sure when the first bus leaves in the morning. 你最好弄清楚早班车开车的时间。辨析：be sure to do sth. 所表示的内容是说话人的一种判断，而用于祈使句时，则表示说话人的 一种要求，“务必……”。 Eg: 1.He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。 2.Be sure to finish the work this afternoon. 今天下午务必要完成工作。 be sure 也可接宾语从句，但与特殊疑问词连用时常用于否定句。 eg: 1.I’m sure that he will pass the exam. 我确信他会通过开考试的。 2.He is not sure what the speaker will talk about. 他无法肯定演讲者将谈什么。 辨析：be sure to do sth.与be sure of doing sth.的区别 Eg: 1.John is sure to pass the exam. 约翰一定能通过考试。 （说话人确信约翰能通过考试） 2.John is sure of passing the exam. 约翰确信自己能通过考试。 （约翰本人确信自己能通过考试） 3.Janet is sure to be put on the committee. 珍妮特一定能被派入委员会。 （说话人确信） 4.Janet is sure of being put on the committee. 珍妮特确信自己能被派入委员会。 （珍妮特自己确信） 辨析：sure与certain 这俩词意思基本相同，但sure 强调主语的心理状态及内心世界；而certain 强调的是内心 世界之外的证据。 Eg: 1.I’m quite certain the bridge is safe. 我确信这座桥是安全的。 2.He was sure that the manager must have read the letter. 他坚信经理一定看过那封信了。 ★当主语是人时，两者常可替换，但当主语是表示事件的名词或代词，或主语是it时，只能 用certain. Eg: 1.It’s now certain that he won the election. 现在可以肯定他在选举中获胜了。 2.It isn’t quite certain whether he will be present at the meeting. 他能否出席会议，尚不能十分肯定。31II. Grammar 直接引语和间接引语（二） 如果直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时要将原谓语动词按意思变为相应的tell, ask, order等， 再加上to，如果祈使句为否定式，则在to前加not；如原句没有间接宾语或呼语，也可按意思加 上宾语me, him, us等。 Eg: 1.He said, “Get everything ready before 8:00.” 他说：“在八点以前把一切准备好。” He told us to get everything ready before 8:00.他告诉我们在八点以前把一切准备好。 2.Granny said, “Tom, don’t play football in the street.”奶奶说:“汤姆，别在街上踢足球。” Granny asked Tom not to play football in the street. 奶奶叫汤姆别在街上踢足球。 3.She said to him, “Go away.” 她对他说：“走开！” She ordered him to go away. 她命令他走开。 几点强调： 1． 若祈使句中带有主语，2． 必须改为引述动词的宾语； Eg: “Someone open the door.” he said. He asked someone to open the door. 3． 直接引语中如果有表示客气的please或不4． 是强调的助动词do，5． 改为间接引语时 须去掉。 Eg: He said to me, “Sit down, please.” He asked me to sit down. 6． 如果直接引语是“Will you … ?” “Would you … ?” “Could you … ?”等疑问句形式，7． 但 表示的意思不8． 是疑问，而9． 是邀请时，10． 可用invite sb. To do sth. 或ask sb. To do sth. 来表示，11． 也可用if 从句。 Eg: ①He said, “Will you help me, please?” He asked me to help him. ②He asked me, “Would you come to my house?” He invited me to his house. 12． 表示劝告、指13． 示、命令等的祈使句也可以改为 that 引导的含有情态动词 should的宾语从句。 Eg: He said, “Go and see her.” He advised that I (should) go and see her. 14． 如果作为直接引语的祈使句是以let开头的，15． 则根据其意思在间接引语中用不同 16． 的句型。 A． 表示建议，B． 用suggest + 动名C． 词或that 从句表示： eg: 1.John said, “Let’s go out for lunch.” John suggested that we go out for lunch. 2. “Let’s sell the old car and buy a new one.”said Peter. Peter suggested selling the old car and buy a new one. D． 表示劝告用 advise sb. to do sth. 或that从句： eg: The leader of the trade union said, “Let’s start work at once.” The leader of the trade union advised workers to start work at once. = The leader of the trade union advised that the workers (should) start work at once. E． 表示命令，F． 用order + that 从句： eg: “ Let no one be late.” said the headmaster. The headmaster ordered that no one (should) be late. G． 表示允许、同H． 意，I． 常用ask sb. to do sth.句型： eg: “ Let him repair the radio, Father.” said Alice. Alice asked her father to let him repair the radio.32Unit 2 English Around The World Section III using Language I. Words and Phrases 1. Often he would work by candle light into the evening. 他通常会在烛光下工作到天亮. will 可表示“总是，惯于” ，表示某事总是发生或一般如此。 Eg: 1.Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水上。 2.Accidents will happen. 事故总是会发生的。 would 可表示“（过去）总是，老是” ，表示某人过去经常做的事或许多经常发生的事。 Eg: 1.When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together. 我们过去在同一个办公室工作的时候，经常一起喝咖啡。 2.The door wouldn’t open. 这门以前老是开不开。 辨析：would 和 used to 两者都用来表示过去经常性和习惯性的动作，常常可以互换。 Eg: He used to / would spend every penny he earned on books. 过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。 但来年感者也有区别，主要有以下几点： ⑴．used to 可指过去的状态或情况，would 则不能。 Eg: School children used to know the story of Abraham Lincoln.(不用would) 过去，学校的孩子们都知道亚伯拉罕姆．林肯的故事。 ⑵．would 表示反复发生的动作，若某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would，只能用used to. Eg: 1.And from that day on, as soon as the dishes were washed, mother would d}