Pronouns in Spanish
pronouns (pronombres usados como sujetos)
nosotros, nosotras
you (familiar)
vosotros, vosotras
you (familiar, Spain)
you (formal)
they (masc.)
they (fem.)
Note the accent marks over t& [to distinguish it from tu
meaning “your”] and &l [to distinguish it from
el meaning “the”].
Subject pronouns are used as the subject of a verb (the verb may be implied);
they are also used as the predicate complement after the verb ser.
Yo prefiero coca-cola.
I prefer Coca-cola.
¿Es ella?
Is it her? [Is it she?]
—¿Qui&n lo hizo? —Yo.
Who did it? I did. [implied verb]
The vosotros form is used as the plural of t& in S
in Latin America ustedes is used as the second person plural, both
familiar and plural.
¿C&mo est&is vosotros?
How are you all doing? (Spain, familiar)
¿C&mo est&n ustedes?
How are you all doing? (Spain,
Latin America, both formal and familiar plural)
The masculine forms nosotros, vosotros, and ellos are
used when referring to a group
the feminine forms
nosotras, vosotras, and ellas are used only when the
group consists entirely of females.
Nosotras estamos cansadas.
We are tired. (all female)
In English the subject pronoun “it” is used very frequently. If
“it” is indefinite —that is, if it doesn't refer back to anything
at all— it is NOT expressed
in Spanish. YOU CANNOT USE LO AS THE SUBJECT OF A VERB
since it is not a subject pronoun but rather a direct object pronoun (or
the neuter article used with adjectives). If “it” or its plural
form “they” is used as a subject pronoun referring to something
definite, it is normally omitted in S however, if for some reason
it is essential to include such a subject pronoun, it is sometimes expressed
using: 1) the regular masculine/feminine, singular/plural subject pronouns
depending on the gender and number of the thing(s) referred to [this is done
primarily where the thing can be personified], or 2) the neuter form
ello if “it” refers to an abstract idea or a general situation
instead of something physical.
Es obvio que est& nevando.
It's obvious that it is snowing. [“It” in both cases
is indefinite, and not expressed in Spanish.]
¿Los libros? Est&n all&.
The books? They're over there. [“They” is usually omitted
in Spanish in this case.]
Mis hijos dicen que las flores son un regalo de
Dios. Ellas nos traen color y alegr&a.
My children say that flowers are a gift from God. They bring us color
and happinesss. [Ellas can be used here—- but it could and
often would be omitted.]
Jorge perdi& el billete que Juana le dio.
Ello caus& toda una serie de infortunios para
la familia.
Jorge lost the ticket Juana gave him. It [his having lost it]
caused a whole series of disasters for the family. [Ello can
be used here, but esto, eso or aquello would more be
employed more frequently.]
object pronouns
nosotros, nosotras &
vosotros, vosotras
you (familiar, Spain)
you (fam.)
him (formal)
them (all female)
s& himself/herself/yourself/themselves/yourselves
These pronouns are used as objects of prepositions. They are identical to
the subject pronouns except for m&, ti and
s&. Note that m& has a written accent mark to
distinguish it from mi meaning “my”; the same applies to
s&, as opposed to si meaning “if”. The
t& form, ti, does NOT have an accent
¿Es para &l o para ella?
Is it for him or for her?
No saldr&n sin nosotros.
They won't leave without us.
A m& me gusta el chocolate.
I like chocolate.
Special cases:
Special forms are found for m&, ti, and s&
after the preposition con:
¿Vas conmigo?
Are you going with me?
with you; fam. sing.
Me gustar&a salir contigo.
I'd like to go out with you.
with himself/ herself/ yourself
No traen dinero consigo.
You/they don't bring money with yourselves/ themselves.
A very few prepositions are followed by subject pronouns. These include
entre (between), seg&n (according to),
salvo (except), excepto (except), and
hasta (until, up to).
Entre t& y yo, no es verdad.
Between to you and me, it's not true.
Seg&n t&, todo el mundo sabe
lo que pas& anoche.
According to you, everyone knows what happened last
object pronouns (pronombres de complemento
&&&&&&&&&&&&
you (fam. Spain)
him, you, it
her, you, it
se&himself/herself/yourself/themselves/yourselves
These forms are used as the direct objects of verbs. Lo and la
are used as the direct object forms of usted, los and
las for ustedes. THESE FORMS MUST BE USED IF A PRONOUN
IS REQUIRED FOR THE DIRECT OBJECT AND THE VERB IS EXPRESSED. A
prepositional phrase (e.g., a &l, a ella, a usted)
is sometimes added for clarity or for emphasis, primarily in spoken Spanish.
¿Me oyes?
Do you hear me?
Te necesito.
I need you.
Lo conozco.
I know him. Or: I know you (masculine formal usted).
Or: I am familiar with it.
Lo conozco a &l.
I know him.
Lo conozco a usted.
I know you.
Yo me miro en el espejo.
I look at myself in the mirror.
El se quiere mucho.
He loves himself a lot.
Ustedes se matan.
You are killing yourselves.
Note that these are with-verb forms, and cannot be used if the verb is only
in that case, the prepositional phrase forms are required: a
&l, a ella, etc.
¿A qui&n vio Ud.? ¿A ella?
Who(m) did you see? Her? (verb implied)
object pronouns (pronombres de complemento
indirecto)
to you (familiar, Spain)
to him, her, you, it
to them, you
se&to himself/herself/yourself/themselves/yourselves
These pronouns are used as the indirect objects of verbs. As with direct
object pronouns, they are required when the indirect object is a pronoun
(in contrast to a noun) but a prepositional phrase may be added for clarification
or emphasis.
¿Me hablas?
Are you talking to me?
¿Me hablas a m&?
Are you talking to me? [a m& added for emphasis]
Le dije la verdad.
I told him/her/you the truth.
Le&dije&la&verdad&a&ella.
I told her the truth. [A ella added for clarification since
le can mean “him” or “you”.]
Since these are with-verb pronouns they cannot be used if the verb is only
implied. The preposition a plus prepositional object pronouns are
used in such cases:
¿A qui&n hablas? ¿A m&?
Who are talking to? (To) Me?
Yes, (to) you.
In contrast to the situation with direct object pronouns, indirect object
pronouns are normally used even when a noun is expressed as the indirect
Veo a Carlos.
I see Carlos. [Carlos
lo is not added]
Le mando un regalo a Carlos.
I'm sending a present to Carlos.
Les escribo a todos.
I write (to) everyone.
Special situations:
When parts of the body and articles of clothing appear as the direct object
in Spanish, normally the definite article is used instead of the possessive
adjective (my, your, his); an indirect object pronoun is used to indicate
the person involved:
Me pongo los zapatos.
I put on my shoes.
Ella se cort& el dedo.
She cut her finger.
Les duelen los brazos.
Their arms hurt.
of object pronouns
Object pronouns normally occur immediately before the verb. However, if the
verb is an affirmative command, an infinitive, or a gerund (-ndo form),
the object pronouns are attached to the end of the verb form. Note that when
pronouns are appended to a verb a written accent mark is necessary when the
stressed syllable is more than two syllables from the end of the word.
No lo veo.
I don't see it.
¡No me digas nada!
Don't say anything to me!
¡H&blenos usted!
Talk to us!
Favor de darme el libro.
Please give me the book.
—¿Qu& est&s haciendo?
What are you doing?
—Quit&ndome el su&ter.
Taking off my sweater.
If the verb form consists of a conjugated verb and either an infinitive or
an -ndo form, the user has the option of placing the object pronouns
before the conjugated verb or attaching them to the end of the unconjugated
Voy a verlo.
I'm going to see him/you/it. (masculine)
Lo voy a ver.
Estamos busc&ndola.
We're looking for her/you/it. (feminine)
La estamos buscando.
object pronouns
When both a direct and an indirect object pronoun occur with the same verb,
the indirect object pronoun always comes first. If the letter l occurs
as the first letter of both the indirect object pronoun (le,
les) and the direct object pronoun (lo, la, los,
las), the indirect object pronoun is changed to se.
Ya nos lo dijeron.
They already told (it to) us.
V&ndamelos.
Sell them to me!
Se lo di a ella.
I gave it to her.
Se la mand& a ellos.
I sent it to them.
Se los regalaremos.
We will give them to him/her.
pronouns (pronombres
interrogativos)
&¿Qui&n?,&¿Qui&nes?&.................................
Who? (used
note that a plural form exists)
¿Qui&n rompi& la ventana?
Who broke the window?
¿Qui&nes van contigo?
Who (all) is going with you?
¿A qui&n?, ¿A qui&nes?
Who(m)? (used as an indirect or direct object pronoun)
¿A qui&n ves en el espejo?
Whom do you see in the mirror?
¿A qui&nes debemos emplear?
Whom (all) should we hire?
¿Qu&?
........................................................
What? (when asking for information, e.g., the definition or
identification of something)
¿Qu& es esto?
What is this (thing)?
¿Qu& hace usted?
What are you doing?
¿Qu& quiere decir “anda”?
What does “anda” mean?
¿Cu&l?, ¿Cu&les?
......................................
Which one(s)?, What? (which one out of two o
note the uses below, some of which do NOT use ¿Qu&? as
you might have expected.)
¿Cu&l prefieres? ¿El rojo?
Which one do you prefer? The red one?
¿Cu&l es tu n&mero de tel&fono?
What is your phone number?
¿Cu&l es su lugar de nacimiento?
What is your place of birth?
¿Cu&l es su nacionalidad?
What is her nationaliity?
pronouns (pronombres
demostrativos)
Demonstrative pronouns point out something (this, these, that, those).
In English, we usually just make two distinctions: between this thing (close
by) and that thing (in the distance, or close to the person spoken to). In
Spanish, three distinctions are usually made: &ste (this thing
close by), &se (that thing close to the person spoken to) and
aqu&l (that thing in the distance). You will recall that the
demonstrative adjectives (este libro, esa mesa,
etc.) do NOT the use of accent marks on
these pronoun forms is considered optional in some grammar books, but use
them for in this class.
Neuter demonstrative pronouns also exist: esto (this thing),
eso (that thing, near the person spoken to), aquello (that
thing in the distance). These neuter never carry a written accent mark. They
are used to refer to something unknown (as in the first sentence below),
or to refer to a general situation, or an abstract concept or something said
earlier (as in the last example below).
¿Qu& es eso?
What's that [in your hand]?
Esto es un reloj.
This is a watch.
Y &ste es mi reloj favorito.
And this is my favorite watch.
Se parece mucho a aqu&l all& en la
It looks a lot like that one over there in the jewelry store.
Eso es rid&culo.
That [what you just said] is ridiculous.
The demonstrative pronoun &ste/a can be used for
“latter” and &se/a or aqu&l/la for
“former” (Note that in English the order is usually “the former
... the latter”, whereas in Spanish it is usually the other way around:
&sta... &sa...).
Juanita y Marta son amigas, pero
Juanita and Martha are friends,
a &sta le gusta
leer, mientras que &sa prefiere
the former prefers to watch TV,
ver la tele.
while the latter likes to read.
(Note that the order in which the two girls are subsequently
described is reversed in the two versions.)
other pronouns and related
expressions
someone, anyone
no one, nobody
something, anything
&&&&&&&&&&
cada uno(-a)
each (one)
todo el mundo
quienquiera
anyone (at all)
cualquiera
anything (whatsoever)
that the pronoun forms referring to people
[such as alguien and nadie] require the use of
the personal a when occurring as the direct object of a verb.
Also keep in mind the rule for forming negative sentences: one negative word
must occur in front of the verb (others may follow the verb).
¿Buscas a alguien?
Are you looking for someone?
No. Yo no necesito a nadie.
No. I don't need anyone.
No veo nada aqu& de inter&s.
I don't see anything interesting here.
Puedo mostrarle algo maravilloso.
I can show you something marvelous.
—¿Qui&n pagar&a $30 por esa pluma?
Who would pay $30 for that pen?
—Quienquiera.
Anybody (would).
vs. reflexive pronouns:
“ourselves” vs. “each other”
The plural direct and indirect object pronouns nos, os, and
se can of course be used reflexively to mean “ourselves”,
“yourselves”, and “themselves”; in this case the
“doer” and the recipient of the action are the same. These same
plural forms may also be used to express reciprocal actions, expressing the
idea of “(to/with/for/etc.) each other” or “one another”.
Thus the expression nos miramos can mean both “we see
ourselves” (for example, two of us are looking in the mirror and each
of us sees both of us) or it can mean “we see each other” (we pass
each other on the street and each one sees the other one). To distinguish
between reflexive and reciprocal actions, clarifying prepositional phrases
are often added:
The usual clarifying prepositional phrases for reflexives, are:
nos + a nosotros(-as) mismos(-as)
(to) ourselves
os + a vosotros(-as) mismos(-as)
(to) yourselves (Spain, plural of t&)
se + a s& mismos(-as)
(to) themselves, (to) you
Nos queremos a nosotros mismos.
We love ourselves.
Las chicas se cayeron y se hicieron da&o a
si mismas.
The girls fell down and hurt themselves.
For reciprocals, you may use as a clarifyer mutuamente or one of the
following:
(el) uno a(l) otro
(to) each other (two persons, male or one male and one female)
(la) una a la otra
(to) each other (two persons, both female)
(los)&unos&a&(los)&otros
(to) each other (more than two persons male or all male or male
and female)
(las)&unas&a&(las)&otras
(to) each other (more than two persons, all female)
[Note: The definite article is optional. The preposition a is used
in these samples, but is often replaced by other prepositions depending on
see the use of con below.]
Ella y yo nos queremos el uno al otro.
She and I love each other.
Ellas se enojaron y se hicieron da&o unas
The girls got angry and hurt each other.
Carmen y los chicos charlaban unos con los otros.
Carmen and the boys were chatting with one another.
Indiana University - Purdue University Ft. Wayne
Fort Wayne, IN
URL: http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/pronoun1.htm请问，关于希捷移动硬盘在MAC系统上如何使用。_百度知道
请问，关于希捷移动硬盘在MAC系统上如何使用。
在京东买的，说是MAC通用，刚买来在MAC还是无法写入东西，请问是怎么回事？或者是需要如何设置吗？在WIN7系统上使用正常。
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我有更好的答案
要想将普通的希捷移动硬盘用于Mac电脑，需要到希捷官网下载适用于 Mac OS 的 Paragon 驱动程序（即官网提供的名为NTFS_for_Mac_with_restart.dmg的文件）。该驱动程序在 Mac OS 中提供对希捷外置硬盘的写访问权，无需重新格式化。具体操作步骤，希捷官方网站有详细步骤说明：第一步在开始安装前，确保硬盘连接至电脑。第二步双击下载的 NTFS_for_Mac_with_restart.dmg 文件。下载第三步按照屏幕提示完成安装。
采纳率：81%
来自团队：
.恩我的移动硬盘也是。大概是分区格式搞的。先备份你的硬盘里的东西，再用mac的实用工具里的 磁盘管理工具 给你的移动硬盘抹掉一次，选择“Mac OS X日志式”磁盘格式。当然这有可能导致win里不能读盘。说真的我也挺头疼的..所以我是用win复制东西然后切到mac再从win分区复制到mac分区....
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