君，已阅读到文档的结尾了呢~~
黑金刚电容手册
扫扫二维码，随身浏览文档
手机或平板扫扫即可继续访问
黑金刚电容手册
举报该文档为侵权文档。
举报该文档含有违规或不良信息。
反馈该文档无法正常浏览。
举报该文档为重复文档。
推荐理由：
将文档分享至：
分享完整地址
文档地址：
粘贴到BBS或博客
flash地址：
支持嵌入FLASH地址的网站使用
html代码：
&embed src='/DocinViewer-4.swf' width='100%' height='600' type=application/x-shockwave-flash ALLOWFULLSCREEN='true' ALLOWSCRIPTACCESS='always'&&/embed&
450px*300px480px*400px650px*490px
支持嵌入HTML代码的网站使用
您的内容已经提交成功
您所提交的内容需要审核后才能发布，请您等待！
3秒自动关闭窗口【黑金刚电解电容】_黑金刚电解电容品牌/图片/价格_黑金刚电解电容批发_阿里巴巴
深圳市福田区
北京市海淀区
深圳市福田区
深圳市宝安区
汕头市潮南区
深圳市福田区
广州市天河区
深圳市福田区
深圳市福田区
深圳市福田区
深圳市福田区
深圳市福田区
深圳市福田区
深圳市福田区
广州市越秀区
深圳市福田区
广州市越秀区
共100页到页
您可能还感兴趣的其他内容
阿里巴巴中国站和淘宝网会员帐号体系、《阿里巴巴服务条款》升级，完成登录后两边同时登录成功。当前位置： >>
黑金刚电容手册
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSCAT. No. E1001D (Ver.2)INDEX PRODUCT SEARCH SERIES TABLE GROUP CHART PRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINES P
ART NUMBERING SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION PACKAGING PRODUCTION GUIDE TAPING SPECIFICATIONS AVAILABLE TERMINALS FOR SNAP-IN TYPE RECOMMENDED REFLOW CONDITION STANDARDIZATION WORLD-WIDE MANUFACTURING LOCATIONS CONDUCTIVE POLYMER TYPE CHIP TYPE PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS RADIAL LEAD TYPE SNAP-IN / SCREW TERMINAL TYPE RELIABILITY DATAALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSCAPACITOR SERIES TABLE, CONTENTSNext pageLow impedanceStandard typeSolvent-proofSeriesFeaturesEndurance (+R=With ripple)Rated Terminal voltage range type (Vdc)SMD SMD SMD SMD Radial Radial SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD SMD Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial 2.5 to 16 2.5 to 25 2.5 to 20 4 to 25 2.5 to 10 2.5 to 25 4 to 35 4 to 50 6.3 to 50 10 to 50 4 to 50 4 to 450 4 to 63 6.3 to 450 6.3 to 50 6.3 to 50 6.3 to 50 6.3 to 25 6.3 to 100 6.3 to 50 6.3 to 50 6.3 to 50 10 to 450 4 to 50 6.3 to 50 4 to 50 4 to 50 6.3 to 50 4 to 63 4 to 63 4 to 50 6.3 to 50 6.3 to 450 6.3 to 450 6.3 to 450 6.3 to 450 6.3 to 450 6.3 to 400 6.3 to 100 6.3 to 100 6.3 to 100 6.3 to 35 6.3 to 50 6.3 to 63 10 to 63 6.3 to 100 10 to 50Capacitance range (mF)27 to 470 10 to 1,500 22 to 1,000 6.8 to 68 270 to 1,000 68 to 1,500 0.1 to 100 0.1 to 150 0.1 to 100 47 to 1,000 0.1 to 220 0.1 to 10,000 0.1 to 1,000 0.47 to 6,800 0.1 to 1,000 0.1 to 1,000 4.7 to 1,500 10 to 1,500 1.0 to 8,200 10 to 470 0.1 to 100 0.1 to 1,000 3.3 to 4,700 0.1 to 47 0.1 to 47 0.1 to 330 0.1 to 100 0.1 to 100 0.1 to 470 0.1 to 220 0.1 to 10,000 0.1 to 10,000 0.1 to 47,000 0.1 to 47,000 0.1 to 39,000 0.1 to 22,000 0.1 to 15,000 0.1 to 15,000 0.47 to 6,800 0.47 to 6,800 6.8 to 6,800 47 to 8,200 0.47 to 18,000 12 to 18,000 10 to 8,200 5.6 to 15,000 0.47 to 10,000PXC Conductive Polymer Electrolyte TypeNEW!Vertical type, Pb-free, super low ESR Vertical type, Pb-free, super low ESR 125C Vertical type (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) Horizontal type (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail)105C 1,000 hours 105C 2,000 hours 125C 1,000 hours 105C 2,000 hours 105C 2,000 hours 105C 2,000 hoursPXA Upgrade! PXH PX PSA PSNEW!Upgrade!NEW!Super low ESR, high ripple, Pb-free Super low ESR, high ripple, Pb-freeMFS/MFA Horizontal Type MF MFK MFK-Large MVS MVA MV3.5 to 4.5mm height (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) 85C 1,000 to 2,000hours 3.2 to 4.7mm max. height 3.7 to 4.7mm max. height 9.2mm max. height 4.5mm height 5.5 to 22.0mm max. height, downsized 5.5 to 10.5mm max. height 5.5 to 22.0mm max. height, downsized 5.5 to 10.5mm max. height 5.5 to 10.5mm max. height, Pb-free 85C 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 hours 105C 2,000 hours 85C 2,000 hours 85C 2,000 hours 85C 1,000 to 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 to 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 to 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 to 2,000 hours 105C 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 to 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 to 5,000 hours 105C 3,000 hours 105C 2,000 hours 105C 3,000 to 5,000 hours 125C 1,000 to 5,000 hours 85C 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 hours 85C 1,000 hours 85C 1,000 hours 105C 1,000 hours 85C 1,000 hours 105C 1,000 hours 85C 1,000 to 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 hours 85C 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 to 2,000 hours +R 85C 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 to 2,000 hours +R 85C 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 hours +R 85C 2,000 hours 105C 1,000 hours 105C 2,000 to 5,000 hours +R 105C 5,000 to 6,000 hours +R 105C 4,000 to 10,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 to 8,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 to 8,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 to 5,000 hours +R 105C 4,000 to 7,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 to 5,000 hours +RSurface MountMVE MVK MKA MZA Vertical Type MVZ MVY MLA MVJ MVL MVH MV-BP MVK-BP SRM SRE KRE Low Profile SRA KMA SRG KRG SMQ KMQ SMGNEW! NEW!6.1 to 10.5mm max. height, very low ESR 6.0 to 10.5mm max. height, very low ESR 5.5 to 22.0mm max. height Low Z, long life (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) 6.0mm max. height 6.0 to 10.5mm max. height 6.0 to 22.0mm max. height 5.5mm max. height, bi-polar 6.0mm max. height, bi-polar 5mm height, downsized 5mm height 5mm height 7mm height 7mm height F4B7 to F18B25mm, low profile F4B7 to F18B25mm, low profile Downsized Downsized General, downsized General, downsized General (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) General Bi-polar, general Bi-polar, general Lowest impedance, long life Lowest impedance, long life Low impedance, long life Low impedance, downsized Low impedance, high reliability Low impedance Long life, general (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) Low impedance, high CV, generalMiniatureGeneral PurposeKMG SME KME SME-BP KME-BP KZE Upgrade! KZH KYNEW!High Frequency UseLXZ LXY LXV KMY KMF6.3 to 450 0.47 to 15,000: Promotional products: Some of range are solvent-proof.(1/2)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSCAPACITOR SERIES TABLE, CONTENTSPrevious pageLow impedance Standard type Solvent-proofRated Terminal voltage range type (Vdc)Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Radial Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Lug Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw 160 to 450 160 to 450 160 to 450 160 to 450 200 to 450 200 & 400 200 & 400 6.3 to 50 10 to 63 10 to 450 10 to 50 10 to 100 16 to 35 6.3 to 16 6.3 to 16 6.3 to 50 300 & 330 160 to 450 160 to 450 160 to 450 160 to 450 6.3 to 450 6.3 to 450 160 to 400 160 to 400 160 to 450 160 to 450 10 to 100 200 & 400 200 & 400 200 & 400 200 & 400 250 to 450SeriesFeaturesEndurance (+R=With ripple)Capacitance range (mF)6.8 to 330 3.3 to 680 33 to 470 33 to 470 18 to 560 10 to 150 22 to 330 0.47 to 1,500 0.47 to 4,700 4.7 to 4,700 100 to 4,700 10 to 10,000 820 to 6,800 470 to 3,300 470 to 3,300 0.1 to 15,000 50 to 240 82 to 3,900 68 to 3,300 47 to 3,300 39 to 3,300 56 to 100,000 47 to 82,000 47 to 560 39 to 390 47 to 2,200 82 to 2,700 390 to 47,000 56 to 1,200 68 to 1,500 33 to 1,500 180 to 1,500 330 to 2,200KXG KMX SMH KMH PAG High Reliability PA KLG FL LXA GXE GXL GHA LBG KZJ Special Application KZG LLA PH SMQ KMQ General Purpose SMM KMM SMH KMHNEW! NEW! NEW! NEW!Downsized, long life, for input filtering Long life, for input filtering F20B20 to F22B50mm F20B20 to F22B50mm Low profile, for input filtering Low profile, for input filtering No sparks with DC overvoltage Long life Long life (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) 125C, downsize, low impedance 125C Long life 150C (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) For airbag For PC motherboard (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) For PC motherboard (Ask Engineering Bulletin in detail) Low DC leakage, general For photo flash Snap-in terminal, more downsized Snap-in terminal, more downsized Snap-in terminal, downsized Snap-in terminal, downsized Snap-in terminal, general Snap-in terminal, general 15mm height 15mm height Long life Long life, downsized Long life No sparks with DC overvoltage, downsized No sparks with DC overvoltage No sparks with DC overvoltage Mechanically open mode cap For air-conditioning Screw terminal, general Screw terminal, general Ellips can shape, high ripple High ripple High ripple, long life, low cost High ripple, long life High ripple, long life Long life High ripple, long life Low cost (Ask Technical Bulletin in detail) Low impedance105C 8,000 to 10,000 hours +R 105C 8,000 to 10,000 hours +R 85C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 105C 3,000 to 6,000 hours +R 105C 5,000 to 7,000 hours 125C 2,000 to 5,000 hours +R 125C 5,000/10,000 hours +R 150C 1,000 hours 105C 5,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 85C 1,000 hours 55C 5,000 times charging 85C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 85C 3,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 to 3,000 hours +R 85C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 85C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 105C 7,000 hours +R 105C 5,000 hours +R 105C 5,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 105C 3,000/5,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 85C 3,000 hours +R 85C 2,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hours +R 85C 5,000 hours +R 85C 2,000 hours +R 85C 5,000 hours +R 85C 5,000 hours +R 85C 20,000 hours +R 105C 2,000/5,000 hours +R 105C 5,000 hours +R 105C 5,000 hours +R 105C 2,000 hoursMiniatureLarge SizedLow ProfileSLM KLM LXM LXQ LXGHigh ReliabilityCHA LXH KLG KSL RWE-LRGeneral PurposeSME KMH FTP RWE RWY10 to 250 560 to 680,000 10 to 400 180 to 680,000 63 to 450 270 to 21,000Screw-mount Terminal Type350 to 550 100 to 12,000 350 to 450 500 to 14,000 350 to 450 1,200 to 22,000 350 to 450 2,200 to 12,000 10 to 525 330 to 390,000 350 to 450 2,200 to 15,000 350 to 450 500 to 14,000 10 to 100 1,000 to 100,000For InverterRWF RWL LXA LXR LWY KW: Promotional products: Some of range are solvent-proof.(2/2)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSGROUP CHARTNext pageCONDUCTIVE POLYMER ALUMINUM SOLID CAPACITORS?SURFACE MOUNTVertical SMD / Pb-freeNEW! Upgrade!?RADIAL LEADDigitalization Super Low ESRNEW!Radial type / Pb-freeUpgrade!Digitalization Super Low ESRPXCLower ESRPXAPSALower ESRPSALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS?SURFACE MOUNTDownsized Low ProfileDigitalizationLow ImpedanceNEW!Large size (f12.5 to f18)85C High CVMVA105C High CVMVEMVS4.5mmL Lower Z105C 2000HMZAMVA85C High CVMVE105C High CVMFK-Large105CMVZ105CNEW!105C Low ZMVYMVH125CSURFACE MOUNT (Vertical-Horizontal)MVY105C Longer life105C 3000HMLAMV85CMF85C105c Long LifeHigh TemperatureMKA105C Pb-freeMVK105CMFK105CMVJ2000H Longer lifeHMVLMVH125CAutomotive Application?RADIAL LEAD5mmLLow Profile7mmL & Low ProfilePower Supply Output Filter105c Low ImpedanceSRM85C High CVSRG85CKRG105C High CVHigh ReliabilityLXY LXVLow ZHigh ReliabilityLXZSRE85CKRE105CSRA85CKMA105CKMFLow ZLower ZUpgrade! NEW!Long Life ? Low ZKYKZELower ZKZHLower ZRADIAL TYPE STANDARDSME85CKME105C85C Standard 105C StandardSMGKMGHigh Ripple Current / Longlife160 to 450VSMH160 to 450VKMH85C Downsize 105C DownsizeSMQKMQHKMXH DownsizedKXGAdapter/ BallastAutomotive ApplicationFor Strobe For MotherboardNEW!Low LCLong LifeHigh Temperature (125c)NEW!For AirbagPHKZGLower ZKZJLLA85C3000 to 6000HFL2000 to 5000HGXEHGXLLBG(1/2)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSGROUP CHARTPrevious pageALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS?SNAP-INMore downsized Downsized / Long Life105c Long LifeSMQ85CKMQ105CSMM85CKMM105CLXQ5000H Longer lifeLXM7000HSNAP-IN TYPE STANDARD15mm HeightSLM85CKLM105CSMH85CKMH105C85c Lug TerminalNo Sparks against Over-voltageOpen-mode Cap.Inverter RWE-LR Air-conditioning85CKLG2000H DownsizedLXHH More DownsizedCHA2000HKSLSafety?SCREW-MOUNT TERMINALSCREW-MOUNT STANDARD85c High Ripple CurrentFor InverterEllipse Shape (85c)SME85CKMH105C 350 to 550VRWF5000HRWL20000HFTP5000H High rippleRWE5000H Low CostRWYLow Impedance105c Long Life (5000hours)KW105C10 to 525VLXALWYLow costHigh rippleLXRFor Inverter(2/2)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESDesigning Device Circuits 1 Select the capacitors to suit installation and operating conditions, and use the capacitors to meet the performance limits prescribed in this catalog or the product specifications.? The dummy terminal of a surface mount type capacitor suchas non-solid type MF/MFK series capacitors. b) The outer sleeve of a capacitor is not assured as an insulator. For applications that require an insulated outer sleeve, a custom-design capacitor is recommended to.10 ConditionDo not use/expose capacitors to the following conditions. a) Oil, water, salty water take care to avoid storage in damp locations. b) Toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, chlorine or its compounds, and ammonium c) Ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation d) Severe vibration or mechanical shock conditions beyond the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specification.2 PolarityAluminum Electrolytic Capacitors are polarized. Apply neither reverse voltage nor AC voltage to polarized capacitors. Using reversed polarity causes a short circuit or venting. Before use, refer to the catalog, product specifications or capacitor body to identify the polarity marking. (The shape of rubber seal does not represent the directional rule for polarity.) Use a bi-polar type of non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor for a circuit where the polarity is occasionally reversed. However, note that even a bi-polar aluminum electrolytic capacitor must not be used for AC voltage applications.11 Mountinga) The paper separators and the electrolytic-conductive electrolytes in a non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor are flammable. Leaking electrolyte on a printed circuit board can gradually erode the copper traces, possibly causing smoke or burning by short-circuiting the copper traces. Verify the following points when designing a PC board. ? Provide the appropriate hole spacing on the PC board to match the terminal spacing of the capacitor. ? Make the following open space over the vent so that the vent can operate correctly. Case diameter Clearance F6.3 to F16mm 2mm minimum F18 to F35mm 3mm minimum F40mm and up 5mm minimum ? Do not place any wires or copper traces over the vent of the capacitor. ? Installing a capacitor with the vent facing the PC board needs an appropriate ventilation hole in PC board. ? Do not pass any copper traces beneath the seal side of a capacitor. The trace must pass 1 or 2mm to the side of the capacitor. ? Avoid placing any heat-generating objects adjacent to a capacitor or even on the reverse side of the PC board. ? Do not pass any via holes or underneath a capacitor. ? In designing double-sided PC boards, do not locate any copper trace under the seal side of a capacitor. b) Do not mount the terminal side of a screw mount capacitor downwards. If a screw terminal capacitor is mounted on its side, make sure the positive terminal is higher than the negative terminal. Do not fasten the screws of the terminals and the mounting clamps over the specified torque prescribed in the catalog or the production specification. c) For a surface mount capacitor, design the copper pads of the PC board in accordance with the catalog or the product specifications.3 Operating voltageDo not apply a DC voltage which exceeds the full rated voltage. The peak voltage of a superimposed AC voltage (ripple current) on the DC voltage must not exceed the full rated voltage. A surge voltage value, which exceeds the full rated voltage, is prescribed in the catalogs, but it is a restricted condition, for especially short periods of time.4 Ripple currentThe rated ripple current has been specified at a certain ripple frequency. The rated ripple current at several frequencies must be calculated by multiplying the rated ripple current at the original frequency using the frequency multipliers for each product series. For more details, refer to the paragraph of Life of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors.5 Category temperatureThe use of a capacitor outside the maximum rated category temperature will considerably shorten the life or cause the capacitor to vent. The relation between the lifetime of aluminum electrolytic capacitors and ambient temperature follows Arrhenius’ rule that the lifetime is approximately halved with each 10C rise in ambient temperature.6 Life expectancySelect the capacitors to meet the service life of a device.7 Charge and dischargeDo not use capacitors in circuits where heavy charge and discharge cycles are frequently repeated. Frequent and sharp heavy discharging cycles will result in decreasing capacitance and damage to the capacitors due to generated heat. Specified capacitors can be designed to meet the requirements of charging-discharging cycles, frequency, operating temperature, etc.8 Failure mode of capacitorsNon-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors, in general, have a lifetime which ends in an open circuit, the period is dependent upon temperature. Consequently, lifetime of capacitors can be extended by reducing the ambient temperature and/or ripple current.12 Othersa) The electrical characteristics of capacitors vary in respect to temperature, frequency and service life. Design the device circuits by taking these changes into account. b) Capacitors mounted in parallel need the current to flow equally through the individual capacitors. c) Capacitors mounted in series require resistors in parallel with the individual capacitors to balance the voltage.9 Insulatinga) Electrically isolate the following parts of a capacitor from the negative terminal, the positive terminal and the circuit traces. ? The outer can case of a non-solid aluminum capacitor. ? The dummy terminal of a non-solid aluminum capacitor, which is designed for mounting stability.(1/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESInstalling Capacitors 1 Installinga) Used capacitors are not reusable, except in the case that the capacitors are detached from a device for periodic inspection to measure their electrical characteristics. b) If the capacitors have self charged, discharge in the capacitors through a resistor of approximately 1kO before use. c) If capacitors are stored at a temperature of 35C or more and more than 75%RH, the leakage current may increase. In this case, they can be reformed by applying the rated voltage through a resistor of approximately 1kO. d) Verify the rated capacitance and voltages of the capacitors when installing. f ) Verify the polarity of the capacitors. g) Do not use the capacitors if they have been dropped on the floor. h) Do not deform the cases of capacitors. g) Verify that the lead spacing of the capacitor fits the hole spacing in the PC board before installing the capacitors. Some standard pre-formed leads are available. h) For pin terminals or snap-in terminals, insert the terminals into PC board and press the capacitor downward until the bottom of the capacitor body reaches PC board surface. i ) Do not apply any mechanical force in excess of the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications of the capacitors. Also, note the capacitors may be damaged by mechanical shocks caused by the vacuum/insertion head, component checker or centering operation of an automatic mounting or insertion machine. In addition, when installing a new capacitor onto the assembly board to rework, remove old residual flux from the surface of the PC board, and then use a soldering iron within the prescribed conditions.3 Handling after solderingDo not apply any mechanical stress to the capacitor after soldering onto the PC board. a) Do not lean or twist the body of the capacitor after soldering the capacitors onto the PC board. b) Do not use the capacitors for lifting or carrying the assembly board. c) Do not hit or poke the capacitor after soldering to PC board. When stacking the assembly board, be careful that other components do not touch the aluminum electrolytic capacitors. d) Do not drop the assembly board.4 Cleaning PC boarda) Do not wash capacitors by using the following cleaning agents. Solvent-proof capacitors are only suitable for washing using the cleaning conditions prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications. In particular, ultrasonic cleaning will accelerate damaging capacitors. ? H cause capacitors to fail due to corrosion. ? Al corrode (dissolve) an aluminum case. ? Petro cause the rubber seal material to deteriorate. ? X causes the rubber seal material to deteriorate. ? A erases the marking. b) Verify the following points when washing capacitors. ? Monitor conductivity, pH, specific gravity, and the water content of cleaning agents. Contamination adversely affects these characteristics. ? Be sure not to expose the capacitors under solvent rich conditions or keep capacitors inside a closed container. In addition, please dry the solvent sufficiently on the PC board and the capacitor with an air knife (temperature should be less than the maximum rated category temperature of the capacitor) over 10 minutes. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be characteristically and catastrophically damaged by halogen ions, particularly by chlorine ions, though the degree of the damage mainly depends upon the characteristics of the electrolyte and rubber seal material. When halogen ions come into contact with the capacitors, the foil corrodes when voltages applied. T extremely high leakage current, which causes in line with, venting, and an open circuit. Global environmental warnings (Greenhouse effects and other environmental destruction by depletion of the ozone layer), new types of cleaning agents have been developed and commercialized as substitutes for CFC113,1,1,2-trichloroethlene and 1,1,1-trichloroethylene. The following are recommended as cleaning conditions for some of new cleaning agents.2 Soldering and Solderabilitya) When soldering with a soldering iron ? Soldering conditions (temperature and time) should be within the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications. ? If the terminal spacing of a capacitor does not fit the terminal hole spacing of the PC board, reform the terminals in a manner to minimize a mechanical stress into the body of the capacitor. ? Remove the capacitors from the PC board, after the solder is completely melted, reworking by using a soldering iron minimizes the mechanical stress to the capacitors. ? Do not touch the capacitor body with the hot tip of the soldering iron. b) Flow soldering ? Do not dip the body of a capacitor into the solder bath only dip the terminals in. The soldering must be done on the reverse side of PC board. ? Soldering conditions (preheat, solder temperature and dipping time) should be within the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications. ? Do not apply flux to any part of capacitors other than their terminals. ? Make sure the capacitors do not come into contact with any other components while soldering. c) Reflow soldering ? Soldering conditions (preheat, solder temperature and dipping time) should be within the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications. ? When setting the temperature infrared heaters, consider that the infrared absorption causes material to be discolored and change in appearance. ? Do not solder capacitors more than once using reflow. If you need to twice, be sure to consult us. ? Make sure capacitors do not come into contact with copper traces. d) Do not re-use surface mount capacitors which have already been soldered.-Higher alcohol system cleaning agents Recommended cleaning agents: Pine Alpha ST-100S (Arakawa Chemical) Clean Through 750H, 750K, 750L, and 710M (Kao) Technocare FRW-14 through 17 (Toshiba) Cleaning conditions: Using these cleaning agents capacitors are capable of withstanding immersion or ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes at a maximum liquid temperature of 60C. Find optimum condition for washing, rinsing, and drying. Be sure not to rub the marking off the capacitor by contacting any other components(2/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESor the PC board. Note that shower cleaning adversely affects the markings on the sleeve. -Non-Halogenated Solvent Cleaning AK225AES (Asahi Glass) Cleaning conditions: Solvent-proof capacitors are capable of withstanding any one of immersion, ultrasonic or vapor cleaning for 5 exception is 2 minutes max. for KRE, and KRE-BP series capacitors and 3 minutes for SRM series capacitors. However, from a view of the global environmental problems, these types of solvent will be banned in near future. We would recommended not using them as much as possible. Isopropyl alcohol cleaning agents IPA (Isopropyl Alcohol) is one of the most accept it is necessary to maintain a flux content in the cleaning liquid at a maximum limit of 2 Wt.%.Maintenance Inspectiona) Make periodic inspections of capacitors that have been used in industrial applications. Before inspection, turnoff the power supply and carefully discharge the electricity in the capacitors. Verify the polarity when measuring the capacitors with a volt-ohm meter. Also, do not apply any mechanical stress to the terminals of the capacitors. b) The following items should be checked during the periodic inspections. ? Significant damage in appearance : venting and electrolyte leakage. ? Electrical characteristics: leakage current, capacitance, tanE and other characteristics prescribed in the catalogs or product specifications. We recommend replacing the capacitors if the parts are out of specification.5 Precautions for using adhesives and coating materialsa) Do not use any adhesive and coating materials containing halogenated solvent. b) Verify the following before using adhesive and coating material. ? Remove flux and dust leftover between the rubber seal and the PC board before applying adhesive or coating materials to the capacitor. ? Dry and remove any residual cleaning agents before applying adhesive and coating materials to the capacitors. Do not cover over the whole surface of the rubber seal with the adhesive or coating materials. ? For permissible heat conditions for curing adhesives or coating materials, follow the instructions in the catalogs or the product specifications of the capacitors. ? Covering over the whole surface of the capacitor rubber seal with resin may result in a hazardous condition because the inside pressure cannot release completely. Also, a large amount of halogen ions in resins will cause the capacitors to fail because the halogen ions penetrate into the rubber seal and the inside of the capacitor. c) Some of coating material cannot be curred over the capacitor.In Case of Ventinga) If a non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor expells gas when venting, it will discharge odors or smoke, or burn in the case of a short-circuit failure. Immediately turn off or unplug the main power supply of the device. b) When venting, a non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor blows out gas with a temperature of over 100C. (A solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor discharges decomposition gas or burning gas while the outer resin case is burning.) Never expose the face close to a venting capacitor. If your eyes should inadvertently become exposed to the spouting gas or you inhale it, immediately flush the open eyes with large amounts of water and gargle with water respectively. If electrolyte is on the skin, wash the electrolyte away from the skin with soap and plenty of water. Do not lick the electrolyte of non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors.StorageWe recommend the following conditions for storage. a) Do not store capacitors at a high temperature or in high humidity. Store the capacitors indoors at a temperature of 5 to 35C and a humidity of less than 75%RH. b) Store the capacitors in places free from water, oil or salt water. c) Store the capacitors in places free from toxic gasses (hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, chlorine, ammonium, etc.) d) Store the capacitors in places free from ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation. e) Keep capacitors in the original package.6 FumigationIn many cases when exporting or importing electronic devices, such as capacitors, wooden packaging is used. In order to control insects, many times, it becomes necessary to fumigate the shipments. Precautions during “Fumigation” using halogenated chemical such as Methyl Bromide must be taken. Halogen gas can penetrate packaging materials used, such as, cardboard boxes and vinyl bags. Penetration of the halogenide gas can cause corrosion of Electrolytic capacitors.DisposalPlease consult a local specialist regarding the disposal of industrial waste when disposing aluminum electrolytic capacitors.The Operation of Devicesa) Do not touch a capacitor directly with bare hands. b) Do not short-circuit the terminal of a capacitor by letting it come into contact with any conductive object. Also, do not spill electric-conductive liquid such as acid or alkaline solution over the capacitor. c) Do not use capacitors in circumstance where they would be subject to exposure to the following materials exist or expose. ? Oil, water, salty water or damp location. ? Direct sunlight. ? Toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, chlorine or its compounds, and ammonium. ? Ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation. ?Severe vibration or mechanical shock conditions beyond the limits prescribed in the catalogs or product specification.CatalogsSpecifications in catalogs may be subject to change without notice. For more details of precautions and guidelines for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, please refer to Engineering Bulletin No. 634A.(3/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESStructure of Aluminum Electrolytic CapacitorsThe aluminum electrolytic capacitor contains an internal element of an anode foil, a cathode foil and paper separator rolled together, impregnated with an electrolyte, then attached to external terminals connecting the tabs with the anode or the cathode foils, and sealed in a can case.Electrolyte and separator:In a non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor, the electrolyte, an electrically conductive liquid, functions as a true cathode by contacting the dielectric oxide layer. Accordingly, the “cathode foil” serves as an electrical connection between the electrolyte and terminal. The separator functions to retain the electrolyte and prevent the anode and cathode foils from short-circuiting.Can case and sealing materials:The foils and separator are wound into a cylinder to make an internal element, which is impregnated with the electrolyte, inserted into an aluminum can case and sealed. During the service life of a capacitor, electrolyte slowly and naturally vaporizes by electrochemical reaction on the boundary of the aluminum foils. The gas will increase the pressure inside the case and finally cause the pressure relief vent to open or the sealing materials to bulge. The sealing material functions not only to prevent electrolyte from drying out but also to allow the gas to escape out of the can case in a controlled manner.Lead Wire Aluminum Tab Separator Paper Cathode Foil Anode FoilLead WireAluminum Tab Rubber SealSleeve Can ElementThe Equivalent CircuitAs the equivalent circuit of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is shown below, it forms a capacitance, a series resistance, an inductance, and a parallel resistance.Among various types of capacitors, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor offers large CV to volume and features low cost. The capacitance (C) of aluminum electrolytic capacitors, as well as other capacitors, is expressed by the following equation:RESRRLCCLESLC=8.855B10-8BεS/d (MF)Where : ε=Dielectric constant S=Surface area of dielectric (cm2) d=Thickness of dielectric (cm)RESR=Equivalent series resistance (ESR) RLC =Resistance due to leakage current C =Capacitance LESL =Equivalent series inductanceThis equation shows that the capacitance increases in proportion as the dielectric constant becomes high, its surface area becomes large and the thickness of dielectric becomes thin. In aluminum electrolytic capacitors the dielectric constant of an aluminum oxide (Al 2O 3) layer is 8 to 10, which is not as high as compared with the other types of capacitors. However, the dielectric layer of the aluminum oxide is extremely thin (about 15? per volt) and the surface area is very large. An electrochemical formed electrode foil makes the dielectric on the etched surface of aluminum electrode foil. Electrochemical etching creates 20 to 100 times more surface area as plain foil. Therefore, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor can offer a large capacitance compared with other types.Dielectric (Al2O3)ElectrolyteDan Lan Can RDca Lca Cca RcaPrimary of Composition MaterialAnode aluminum foil:First, the etching process is carried out electromechanically with a chloride solution which dissolves metal and increases the surf forming a dense network like innumerable microscopic channels. Secondly, the formation process is carried out with a solution such as ammonium borate which forms the aluminum oxide layer (Al2 O 3) as a dielectric at a thickness of 15? / volt. The process needs to charge 140 to 200% of the rated voltage into the foil.RanFrom a composition material point wise, the equivalent circuit is subdivided as follows.Can, CCa=Capacitance due to anode and cathodes foils R =Resistance of electrolyte and separator Ran, RCa=Internal resistance of oxide layer on anode and cathode foils Dan, DCa=Diode effects due to oxide layer on anode and cathode foils Lan, LCa =Inductance due to anode and cathode terminalsCathode aluminum foil:As in the first manufacturing process of the positive foil, the cathode foil requires etching process. Generally, it does not require t therefore, the natural oxide layer of Al2 O 3, which gives a characteristic dielectric voltage of 0.2 to 1.0 volts, is formed.Basic Electrical CharacteristicsCapacitance:The capacitance of capacitor is expressed as AC capacitance(4/10)Cathode foilAnode foilSeparatorCAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESby measuring impedance and separating factors. Also, the AC capacitance depends upon frequency, voltage and other measuring methods. In fact, JIS C 5101 prescribes that the series capacitive factor of an equivalent series( ) circuit shall be the capacitance measured at a frequency of 120Hz and applying a maximum AC voltage of 0.5V rms with a DC bias voltage of 1.5 or 2.0V to aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The capacitance of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor becomes smaller with increasing frequency. See the typical behavior shown below.tanE1011001k 10k Frequency (Hz)100ktanE VS. FrequencyCapacitance Change (%)110 100 80 70 60 50 100 1k 10k1tanE0.1 0.01 -40 -2590Frequency (Hz)0 20 60 Temperature (C)85Capacitance VS. FrequencyTemperature Characteristics of tanEThe capacitance value is highly dependent upon temperature and frequency. As the temperature decreases, the capacitance becomes smaller. See the typical behavior shown below.Equivalent series resistance (ESR):The ESR is the series resistance consisting of the aluminum oxide layer, electrolyte/separator combination, and other resistance related factors, foil length, foil surface area and others. The ESR value depends upon the temperature. Decreasing the temperature makes the resistivity of the electrolyte increase and leads to increasing ESR. As the measuring frequency increases, the ESR decreases and reaches an almost constant value that mainly dominates the frequency-independent resistance relating electrolyte/ separator combination. Impedance (Z): The impedance is the resistance of the alternating current at a specific frequency. It is related to capacitance (C) and inductance (L) in terms of capacitive and inductive reactance, and also related to the ESR. It is expressed as follows:Capacitance Change (%)+10 0 -10 -20 -20 0 20 40 6016V 35-100V 350VTemperature (C)Temperature Characteristics of CapacitanceZ= ESR2+ (XL-XC)2Where : XC=1/ωC=1/2πfC X L =ωL=2πfLOn the other hand, DC capacitance, which can be measured by applying a DC voltage, shows a slightly larger value than the AC capacitance at a normal temperature and has the flatter characteristic over the temperature range.tane(tangent of loss angle or dissipation factor):The tanE is expressed as the ratio of the resistive component (Res R) to the capacitive reactance (1/ωC) in the equivalent series circuit. Its measuring conditions are the same as the capacitance.RESR LESL CAs shown below, the capacitive reactance (Xc) dominates at the range of low frequencies, and the impedance decreases with increasing frequency until it reaches the ESR in the middle frequency range. At the range of the higher frequencies the inductive reactance (XL) comes to dominate, so that the impedance increases when increasing the measuring frequency.1/ωC EOXCZ XLtanE=RESR/ (1/ωC) =ωC RESRWhere : RESR=ESR at 120Hz ω =2πf f =120HzRESRESRFrequencyImpedance VS.FrequencyThe tanE shows higher values as the measured frequency increases and the measured temperature decreases.As shown at the next page, the impedance value varies with temperature because the resistance of the electrolyte is strongly affected by temperature.(5/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESa b c1.0Impedance (O)0.1-55C -25C0.01 +20C +85C 100 1k 10k 100k 1MFailure RateTimeFrequency (Hz)Temperature Characteristics of ImpedanceLeakage current:The dielectric of a capacitor has a very high resistance that does not allow DC current to flow. However, due to the characteristics of the aluminum oxide layer that functions as a dielectric in contact with electrolyte, a small amount of current, called leakage current, will flow to reform and repair the oxide layer when a voltage is being applied. As shown below, a high leakage current flows to charge voltage to the capacitor for the first seconds, and then the leakage current will decrease and reach an almost steady-state value with time.Time (minutes)Leakage Current VS. TimeMeasuring temperature and voltage influences the leakage current. The leakage current shows higher values as the temperature and voltage increase.a) Infant failure period This initial period accounts for the failures caused by deficiencies in design, structure, the manufacturing process or severe misapplications. In other words the initial failures occur as soon as the components are installed in a circuit. In the case of aluminum electrolytic capacitors, these failures do not occur at customers’ field because aging process reforms an incomplete oxide layer, or eliminate the defective parts at the aging process and the sorting process. Misapplication of the capacitor such as inappropriate ambient conditions, over-voltage, reverse voltage, or excessive ripple current should be avoided for proper use of the capacitor in a circuit. b) Useful life period This random failure period exhibits an extremely low failure rate. These failures are not related to operating time but to application conditions. During this period, non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors lose a small amount of electrolyte. The electrolyte loss shows as a slow decrease in capacitance and a slow increase in tanE and ESR. Nonsolid aluminum electrolytic capacitors still exhibit lower catastrophic failures than semiconductors and solid tantalum capacitors. c) Wear-out failure period This period reflects a deterioration in the component properti the failure rate increases with time. Non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors end their useful life during this period.Leakage CurrentFailure types:The two types of failures are classified as catastrophic failures and wear-out failures as follows. 1) Catastrophic failures This is a failure mode that destroys the function of the capacitor like a short circuit or open circuit failure. 2) Wear-out failures This is a failure mode where gr the electrical parameters of the capacitor. The criteria of judging the failures, vary with application and design factors. Capacitance decreases and tanE increases are caused by the loss of electrolyte in the wear-out failure period. This is primary due to loss of electrolyte by diffusion (as vapor) through the sealing material. Gas molecules can diffuse out through the material of the end seal. High temperature increase the electrolyte vapor pressure within the capacitor and the diffusion rate is therefore increased. This increases internal pressure may cause the seal to bulge caused by elevated temperatures. This bulging may accelerate diffusion and mechanically degrade the seal. Factors that can increase the capacitor temperature, such as ambient temperature and ripple current, can accelerate the wear-out phase of a capacitor.Leakage Current (MA)10010-10 -250206085Temperature (C)Typical Temperature CharacteristicsIn general, the leakage current is measured at 20C by applying the rated voltage to capacitor through a resistor of 1000O in series. The leakage current is the value several minutes later after the capacitor has reached the rated voltage. The catalog prescribes the measuring temperature and time.ReliabilityThe bathtub curve:Aluminum electrolytic capacitors feature failure rates shown by the following bathtub curve.Failure modes:Aluminum electrolytic capacitors show various failure modes in different applications. (See Table 1.)(6/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESPrimary FactorsMismanaged ProductionBurred Foil/ Metal Particle Local Deficiency in Oxide Layer Mechanical Stress Mechanical Stress Poor Connection Deterioration With Time Excessive Thermal StressFailure ModesInternal CausesShort Circuit Between ElectrodesMishandled ApplicationUnavoidable Factors in Normal ServiceShort CircuitDielectrical Break of Oxide Layer Dielectrical Break of Separator Disconnection of Terminal Construction Poor Terminal Connection Less ElectrolyteOpen CircuitCapacitance Drop tanE (ESR) IncreaseElectrolyte VaporizationCathode Foil Capacitance Drop Deterioration of Oxide Layer Corrosion Internal Pressure Rise Poor SealingElectrochemical ReactionAnode Foil Capacitance DropExcessive Operating Voltage Reverse Voltage Excessive Ripple Current Contamination By Chloride Excessive Charge-Discharge Duty Chloride Contamination By Assembly Board Cleaning Poor SealingLeakage Current IncreaseOpen Vent Electrolyte LeakageTable1Life of Aluminum Electrolytic CapacitorsThe life of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is largely dependent on environmental and electrical factors. Environmental factors include temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and vibration. Electrical factors include operating voltage, ripple current and charge-discharge duty cycles. The factor of temperature (ambient temperature and internal heating due to ripple current) is the most critical to the life of aluminum electrolytic capacitors.General formula to estimate lifetime:The lifetime of non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors is generally expressed by using three elements representing the effects of ambient temperature, applying voltage and ripple current, which is shown by the following equation:This equation is similar to Arrhenius’ equation that expresses a relationship between chemical reaction rates and temperature, and called Arrhenius’ rule of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The temperature acceleration factor (B) is approximately 2 over an ambient temperature range (Tx) from 40C to the maximum rated category temperature of each capacitor. It means that the lifetime is approximately halved with every 10C rise in ambient temperature and can be extended by using the capacitors at low temperatures. For an ambient temperature range (Tx) of 20C to 40C, the factor B will be close to 2, and the lifetime will actually be extended. However, operating and surrounding conditions, especially the operating conditions influence ambient temperatures mutually. The ambient temperature in this range wil therefore, lifetime estimation under 40C should use 40 as Tx.LX=L?KTemp?KVoltage?KRipple=Lifetime of capacitor to be estimated Where : LX Lo =Base lifetime of capacitor KTemp =Ambient temperature accelation term KVoltage=Voltage accelation term KRipple =Ripple current accelation termKvoltage (Effects of applying voltage to life):Miniature and large sized aluminum electrolytic capacitors for popular applications, such as surface mount types, radial lead types, snap-in types and block types, have little voltage effect on their life. Other factors like temperature and ripple current determine the life in comparison with voltage, as long as the capacitors are used at voltages and temperatures within the specifications prescribed in the catalog. Consequently, Kvoltage=1 is used for these capacitors. 350V and higher screwmount terminal types of capacitors for customer-use power electronics applications allow the life time to extend by applying low voltage, relating to the characteristics of their aluminum oxide layer. RWE, RWY, RWL, RWF, LX(Screw-mount), LXA(Screw-mount) and LXR series are applicable to the method. For Kvoltage values of these products, please contact a representative of Nippon Chemi-Con.K Temp (Effects of ambient temperature on life):Because an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is essentially an electrochemical component, increased temperatures accelerate the chemical reaction producing gas within the capacitor which is diffused through the end seal, and consequently accelerates a gradual decrease in capacitance and a gradual increase in tanE and ESR. The following equation has been experimentally found to express the relationship between the temperature acceleration factor and the deterioration of the capacitor.LX=LO?KTemp=LO?B (TO-TX) /10 KTemp=B (TO-TX) /10Where : LX =Lifetime (hour) of capacitor to be estimated Lo =Base lifetime (hour) of capacitor To =Maximum rated category temperature (C) of capacitor shown in catalog TX =Actual ambient temperature (C) of capacitor ~ B =Temperature accelation factor (~ 2)Kripple (Effects of ripple current to life):Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have higher tanE than any other therefore, the ripple current gives aluminum electrolytic capacitors higher internal heat. Be sure to check the rated ripple current which is specified in the catalog for assuring the life.(7/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESThe ripple current through the capacitor produces heat by dissipating power from the capacitor. This leads to temperature increase. Internal heating produced by ripple currents can be expressed by:KRipple Products SeriesTypeW=(IRipple)2?RESR+V?I Leakage=Internal power loss Where : W IRipple =R.M.S. ripple current RESR =Internal resistance (ESR) at ripple frequency V =Applied voltage ILeakage=Leakage current2(-DT /5)MFS, MFA, MF, MFK, MFY, MFJ, MF-BP, MFK-BP, Surface mount MFK-Large, MVS, MVA, MV, MVE, MVK, MKA, MZA, MVZ, (FC/FD/VC) MVY, MVJ, MVL, MVH, MV-BP, MVK-BP KMA, KME-BP, KRE, KMY, KRG, LLA, LX, LXA, SME, SMQ, Radial lead SME-BP, SMG, SRA, SRE, (VB) SRG, SRM, SXE Screw-mount terminal (LG) KW FL, GXE(To[105C), KLG, KME, Radial lead KMQ, KMF, KMG, KMH, KMX, KXG, (VB) LBG, LXJ, LXV, LXY, LXZ DTo=5 deg Pin terminal KLG, KLH, KMH, KMM, KMQ, (VN/VS/VR) KSL, LXG, LXM, LXH, LXQ Screw-mount LXA (10 to 250Vdc), KMH terminal (LG) Radial lead SMH (VB) DTo=5 to 10 deg Contact us for Pin terminal SMH, SMM, SMQ, SLM, RWE-LR (VN/VS/VR/LASN) details Screw-mount terminal (LG) SME Screw-insert LX, LXA (350 to 525Vdc), terminal (LG) RWE, RWF, RWL, LXR, RWYLeakage current may be 5 to 10 times higher than the values measured at 20C, but compared with Iripple , the leakage current value is very small and negligible. Thus, the above equation can be simplified:W=(IRipple)2?RESR2(DTo-DT) /5The following equation gives th it is heat rise to stable condition. ( It is necessary to input several factors.):(IRipple)2?RESR= ?A?DTWhere : =Heat transfer constant A =Surface area of can case A=(π/4) ? D ? (D+4L) Where : D=Can diameter L=Can length DT=An increase in core temperature by internal heating due to ripple current (DT=Core temperature-Ambient temperature)2[-2+(25-DT) /b]Note : DTFrom the above equation, internal temperature rise (DT) produced by ripple current is given by:= An increase (deg) in core temperature produced by internal heating due to actual operating ripple current. The DT is the difference between the core temperature and ambient temperature measured at the actual operating conditions. DTo = An increase (deg) in core temperature by internal heating due to rated ripple current. b = Factor b varies from 5 to 10 by the conditions of ripple frequency and DT. Please contact a representative of Nippon Chemi-Con for the detailsDT=(IRipple)2?RESR/ ( ?A)When the ripple frequency is 120Hz, RESR at 120Hz is expressed byRESR=tanE/ (ω?C) DT=(IRipple)2?tanE/ ( ?A?ω?C)Where : tanE=120Hz value ω =2π?f=2π?120Hz C =120Hz capacitance valueNote that a DT over a certain maximum limit may over-heat the capacitors, though the lifetime estimation will not give you practical lifetime. For instance, the following shows a guide limit of DT at each ambient temperature for 105C maximum rated products.Ambient temperature Tx (c) Guide limit of dT (deg) Core temperature (=Tx+dT) 85 15 100 105 5 110Approximation of dTAs above equation, DT varies with frequency of ripple, frequency and temperature dependent ESR, and application dependent (even ripple current is constant). We really recommend that customers measure DT with a thermocouple at the actual operating conditions of the application in lieu of using the above equation. (Another approximation of DT will be stated later.) As mentioned in the paragraph of K Temp , aluminum electrolytic capacitors will slowly increase in tanE and ESR during their service life. The application without ripple current has no influence on the life of the capacitor even though the ESR will increase during life. In other words, the application with ripple current makes DT furthermore, a DT increase results in ESR increase. The ESR increase then makes DT increase. It is a chain reaction. Theoretically, the ripple current acceleration term (K Ripple) cannot be simply expressed like the ambient temperature acceleration term (KTemp). Practically, the ripple current acceleration term (KRipple) can be approximately expressed by an equation using a DT initially measured. The following table shows the ripple current acceleration term (KRipple ) for each capacitor design group. Estimation of the lifetime requires two temp first obtain DT by actually measuring the core temperature, inserting the thermocouple inside the operating capacitor and secondary, the ambient temperature. A more convenient way to get the DT is to convert the surface temperature of the capacitor case and the ambient temperature by using a coefficient specified for each case diameter as follows:DT=Kc ? (Ts-Tx)Where : Kc=Coefficient from table below Ts=Surface temperature (deg) of capacitor can case Tx=Ambient temperature (deg)No air flow conditions.Diameter (mm) Kc Diameter (mm) KcF5 to F8 1.10 F30 F35 1.50 1.65F10 F12.5 F16 F18 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 F40 F50 F63.5 F76 1.75 1.90 2.20 2.50F22 F25 1.35 1.40 F89 F100 2.80 3.10Also, you can roughly estimate a DT by using the following equation without need to measure.(8/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESDT=DT?(Ix/Io)2Where : DT=5 deg for 105C maximum rated capacitors. Io =Rated ripple current (ARMS) : if its frequency is different from operating ripple current Ix, it needs converting by using a frequency multiplier prescribed in the catalog. lk =Operating ripple current (ARMS) actually flowing into a capacitorc. Corrosion The halogen ions attack the aluminum foil by the following anodic half-cell reaction:AI+3X-AIX3+3eThe AlX3 further becomes hydrolyzed and release the halogen ion again:Like switching power supplies, if the operating ripple current consists of commercial frequency element and switching frequency element(s), an internal power loss is expressed by the following equation.AIX3+3H2OAI (OH)3+3H++3X-W= (If1)2 ?ESRf1+ (If2)2 ?ESRf2+???+ (Ifn)2 ?ESRfnWhere : W =Internal power loss If1???If1 =Ripple currents at every frequencies f1???fn ESRf1???ESRfn=ESR's at every frequenciesf 1???fnThe above equation can be transformed into another equation to get a ripple current value in accordance with the frequency of the rated ripple current, each of ESR f1 ,???ESRfn is approximately equal to ESR f0 divided by square value of the frequency multiplier (Ff1 ???Ffn). Here ESR f0 is the value at the frequency of the rated ripple current and F f1???Ffn is a conversion coefficient from one frequency to another in accordance with the frequency f1???fn.The halogen ions release by this hydrolysis reaction further attacks the aluminum according to the previous reaction formula, and these reactions are repeated and accelerated when voltage and temperature is applied. Also, the hydrogen ions increase the local acidity which causes the oxide dielectric to dissolve. Thus, localized corrosion accelerates to corrode both the aluminum metal and the dielectric. In addition, a terpene or petroleum system cleaning solvent will be absorbed into the rubber seal of the capacitor. The rubber seal finally weakens. An alkaline saponification detergent will damage the aluminum metal and marking. In summary, recommended cleaning agents are halogen free. Terpene, petroleum, alkali detergent and any solvent making the rubber seal material deteriorate are not recommended.Compatible cleaning agents:In line with recent global environmental warnings (Greenhouse effect and other environmental destruction by depletion of the ozone layer), new types of cleaning agents have been commercialized and substituted as CFC-113,1,1,2-trichloroethlene and 1,1,1-trichloroethylene. The following are recommended cleaning conditions for some of new cleaning agents.???ESRfn=ESRf0 / (Ffn)2Relationship of w=(L Ripple ) 2?R ESR leads lx as follows:???ESRf1=ESRf0 / (Ff1)2Higher alcohol system cleaning agentsIx= W/ESRf0The above is rewritten in the following equation: Recommended cleaning agents: Pine Alpha ST-100S (Arakawa Chemical) Clean Through 750H, 750K, 750L, and 710M (Kao) Technocare FRW-14 through 17 (Toshiba) Cleaning conditions: 1) Capacitors are capable of withstanding immersion or ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes at a maximum liquid temperature of 60C using the above cleaning agents. Find the optimum conditions for washing, rinsing, and drying. Be sure not to rub the marking off the capacitor by contact with any other components on the PC board. Note that shower cleaning adversely affects the marking. 2) To rinse by water, control the conditions such as temperature and water pressure to avoid sleeve shrinkage. 3) Clean Through 750H and similar are weak-alkaline solvents. Do not leave the alkaline on the capacitor after cleaning process.Ix= (If1/Ff1)2+(If2/Ff2)2+??????(Ifn/Ffn)2Where : Ix =Ripple current in accordance with the frequency of the rated ripple current If1??????Ifn =Operating ripple currents at every frequencyf1???fn Ff1??????Ffn=Frequency multipliers for every frequencyf1???fn prescribed in the catalog, based on the fact that the internal resistance of a capacitor varies with frequency.Cleaning Agentsa. Cleaning agents penetrate into a capacitor. Solvent contacts the rubber seal of a capacitor. Some percentage of solvent does not penetrate but a percentage suceeds in entering and defusing inside the capacitor. b. Cleaning agents decompose and release halogen ions. In the electrolyte of the inside element, the halides in the cleaning agents become hydrolyzed and release halogen ions as follows,CFCs substitute solvents (HCFC system)Asahi Glass AK225AES solvent is usable only with solventproof type capacitors, which are designed with reinforced seal constructions and modified electrolyte. This product does not penetrate the capacitor and deactivate halogen ions. However, AK225AES is one of the solvents which will have a restricted usage in future from the environmental point of view.RX+H2OROH+H++X-RX : Halide X - : Halogen ion(9/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINESNon-Halogenated Solvent CleaningHCFC solvents: AK225AES (Asahi Glass)Cleaning conditions: Solvent-proof type capacitors are capable of withstanding immersion, ultrasonic or vapor cleaning for 5 exception is 2 minutes max. for KRE and KRE-BP series capacitors for 3 minutes and SRM and KRF series capacitors. Applicable series (only for solvent-proof products): Surface mount : MFS, MFA, MF, MFK, MFY, MFJ, MF-BP, MFK-BP, MFK-Large, MVS, MVA(4 to 63Vdc), MV, MVE(6.3 to 63Vdc), MVK, MKA, MZA, MVZ, MVY(6.3 to 63Vdc), MVJ, MVL, MVH(10 to 50Vdc), MV-BP, MVK-BP, PX, PXA, PXC R a d i a l l e a d : SRM, KRE, KMA, SRG, KRG , SMG(6.3 to 250Vdc), SME(6.3 to 250Vdc), SME-BP, KMQ(6.3 to 100Vdc), KMG(6.3 to 250Vdc), KME(6.3 to 250Vdc), KME-BP, LXZ, LXY, LXV, LXJ, SXE, KMF(6.3 to 100Vdc ), FL, LXA, LX, GXE(10 to 50Vdc), GXL, LBG, LLAIsopropyl alcohol cleaning agentsIPA (Isopropyl Alcohol) is one of the most accept it is necessary to maintain a flux content in the cleaning liquid at a maximum limit of 2 Wt. %, because chlorides in flux dissolves in the cleaning liquid during the cleaning process. Xylene -additive IPA may make the rubber seal deteriorate.Non-clean fluxBoth ionic halogen and non-ionic halogens damage the capacitor when they penetrate in through the rubber seal. Note that some of the fluxes called non-halogenated flux contains less ionic halogen activator but actually a large amount of non-ionic halogen. Per our analysis, AHQ3100K(Asahi) and POZ6(Senjyu) minimize ionic and non-ionic halogens.Other Precautions to wash capacitorsc) Monitor conductivity, pH, specific gravity and water content of cleaning agents. Contamination adversely affects the characteristics. d) The solvent may stay between the end seal and the PC board if the capacitor is mounted directly onto the PCB without a small gap. The residual solvent can cause defects. Also, washing for more than the specified time causes solvent residual. Therefore, wash the assembly board for at least 10 minutes at the recommended temperature. Be sure not to expose the capacitors under solvent rich conditions or keep capacitors inside a closed container. e) Reforming the leads of the capacitor to fit lead spacing on the PC board causes cleaning agents to get into the inside capacitor. This may result in corrosion to the foil. Therefore, use the capacitors, which fit the hole spacing on the PC board or reform the lead wires in a manner which will not cause mechanical stress to the capacitor body.(10/10)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPART NUMBERING SYSTEMExpressed in microfarads. Capacitance Code 0.1MF = R1 4.7MF = 4R7 = 10 10MF 100MF = 100 1000MF = 1000 Indicates the tolerance of a nominal capacitance value. Tolerance Code =K P10% =M P20% -10 to +30% = Q -10 to +50% = T 0 to +30% = SIndicates a basic capacitor design.TC04R SMGTaping code(If necessary)6.3Rated voltageVBTerminal type1000Nominal capacitanceMCapacitance toleranceF50Supplement(If necessary)SeriesExpressed in Volts. Voltage Code 6.3Vdc = 6.3 10Vdc = 10 100Vdc = 100Indicates options or designs deviated from the standard. Bi-polar=BP Bracket=B, C Case code=22A Lead forming=FC Taping lead spacing=F25 SMT tray=TRIndicates basic terminal type of capacitors.Type code=VCVertical SMTType code=FCHorizontal SMTType code=VBRadial leadType code=VSSNType code=LGSNSnap-in terminal for Screw-mount terminal large-sized capacitorsDummy terminals=VE (f16 & 18)Dummy terminal=FD?TAPING CODE (only applicable for radial type)TTapingCLead forming code0Radial lead type4P dimensionRPolarizationCFormedDStraightP3 : 15mm 4 : 12.7mm 5 : 25.4mmR : Polarized N : Non-(Bi) polarizedInformationNippon Chemi-Con Corporation has decided that effective with the 2004 fiscal year we will introduce our &New Part Numbering System&. We will publish the details and parameters of this new part numbering system in advance of its inception.(1/1)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION Environmental friendly capacitorsAs you are very concerned about world-wide environmental protection, Nippon Chemi-Con also think about this issue and contribute to minimize banned materials. Now we offer completely non-lead free products and non Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) sleeve products. Please note that these products are commercialized as optional products. ?Conductive polymer aluminum solid capacitorType Surface Mount Radial Lead PXC, PXA PSA, PS Series Lead-Free Lead free standard Lead free standard Non-PVC sleeve Non-PVC standard Non-PVC standard?Aluminum electrolytic capacitorType Surface Mount (Type : VC) Series MV, MVK, MVJ, MVA, MVE, MVY, MVZ, MV-BP, MVK-BP MKA, MZA MF, MFK SRE, KRE, SRG, KMA, SMQ, KMQ, SMG, KMG, LXV, LXY, LXZ, KY, KZE, KZH, KXG, KMX, GXE, GXL SRE-BP, KRE-BP, SRA-BP, KMA-BP, SME-BP, KME-BP SMQ, KMQ, SMM, KMM, SMH, KMH SME, KMH, RWF, RWL Option Lead-Free Non-PVC sleeve Non-PVC standardSurface Mount (Type : FC) Radial Lead (Type : VB)Lead free standard Option OptionNon-PVC standard Non-PVC standard OptionSnap-in (Type : VSSN, VNSN, LISN) Screw-Mount (Type : LGSN)Option Lead free standardOption Option*Regarding to the other series, please consult us. For more details of precautions and part numbering system for Environmentally friendly capacitors, please refer to Engineering Bulletin.(1/1)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPACKAGINGMINIMUM ORDER QUANTITY Please order by units of minimum order quantity.?SURFACE MOUNT @HorizontalSeries Case code A6 B6 C6 D6, D8, D10, D13 H15, H20, H25 Quantity (pcs) 3,000 3,000 2,500 2,500 500Alchip MF/MFKR@VerticalSeries Case code B55 D46, D55, D60 E46, E55, E60 F46, F55, F60 F80 H63, H70 H10 H12 J80, J10 J12 K14 K16 L17, L22 M17, M22 Quantity (pcs) Taping 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 900 1,000 500 400 500 400 200 150 Tray 120 120 80 60Alchip MVS/MVA/MV/ MVK/MVY/MVJ MVH/MVE/MVL MKA/MVZ/MZA NP CAPTM PXC/PXAR* ** Regarding to taping for L17/L22/M17/M22, please consult us.?RADIALSize f3 (f3.5) f4 f5 f6.3 f8 (f7) Height[25mm f10 Height]30mm f12.5 f16 f18 Quantity (pcs) Bulk 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 100 50 50 Taping 3,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 800 500 500 250 250* The quantity of bulk is a typical example. * Regarding to minimum order quantity for PSA/ PS series, please consult us.?SNAP-INS200 pieces(1/1)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPACKAGING TAPING SPECIFICATIONSSURFACE MOUNT TYPE (TAPING)?CARRIER TAPE [mm]Fig.11.75P0.1Fig.44P0.1 2P0.1 (If W=12, 2P0.05)4P0.1 2P0.10.1 F1.5 +0 -0.1 F1.5 +0 -1.75P0.10.6max.0.6max.F WS BWFBAP Feed directionA P Feed direction tFeeding holet0.2P0.052P0.1 0.1 4P0.1 (If W=12, 2P0.05) F1.5 +0 -1.75P0.1Fig.20.6max.Feeding hole4P0.1A P Feed direction tW B2P0.1F1.5 +0.1 -01.75P 0.1Fig.5BWFF4P0.12P0.10.1 F1.5 +0 -1.75P0.1Fig.30.6max.PA Feeding holeSBA P Feed direction tFeeding hole0.2P0.05FWB0.75P0.0Feed direction50. 75 P0 .0 5t0.6max.[mm]Items Series A6 B6 C6 D6 D8 D10 D13 H15 H20 H25 B55 D46 D55 D60 E46 E55 E60 F46 F55 F60 F80 H63 H70 H10 H12 J80 J10 J12 K14 K16 W p0.3 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 16.0 16.0 24.0 24.0 32.0 44.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 32.0 32.0 A p0.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 3.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 13.4 13.4 B p0.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.7 10.7 13.7 17.3 21.8 26.8 3.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 13.4 13.4 F p0.1 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 7.5 7.5 11.5 11.5 14.2 20.2 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 14.2 14.2 P p0.1 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 24.0 24.0 t p0.2 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 9.9 9.9 9.9 5.9 4.9 5.7 6.3 4.9 5.7 6.3 4.9 5.7 6.3 8.2 6.8 7.2 11.0 12.8 8.2 11.0 12.8 14.0 16.5 S p0.1 28.4 40.4 28.4 28.4 Fig. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 5Alchip MF/MFKRAlchip MVS/MVA MVE/MV MVK/MVY MVJ/MVH MVL/MKA MVZ/MZA NP CAPTM PXC/PXAR* Regarding to taping for L17/L22/M17/M22, please consult us.(1/2)CAT. No. E1001DALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORSPACKAGING?REEL DIMENSIONS [mm] ?QUANTITY PER REEL/BOXSeries Case code A6 B6 C6 D6 D8, D10 D13 H15 H20 H25 B55 D46, D55, D60 E46, E55, E60 F46, F55, F60 F80 H63 H70 H10 H12 J80, J10 J12 K14 K16 Quantity (pcs/reel) 3,000 3,000 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 500 500 500 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 900 1,000 1,000 500 400 500 400 200 150 Quantity (pcs/box) 15,000 15,000 12,500 12,500 12,500 7,500 1,500 1,000 1,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 4,500 5,000 3,000 1,500 1,200 1,500 1,200 600 450 W1 (mm) 14 14 14 14 18 26 26 34 46 14 14 14 18 18 18 26 26 26 26 26 34 34F50min.13P0.5Alchip MF/MFKRF382max.W1R?POLARITYAlchip- MF/MFK(Horizontal)RFeed DirectionAlchip MVS/MVA MV/MVK MVY/MVJ MVH/MVE MVL/MKA MVZ/MZA NP CAPTM PXC/PXAAlchip- MVS/MV/MVK(Vertical) MVY/MVJ/MVH/RFeed DirectionMVE/MVL/MKA/ MVZ/MZANP CAPTM PXC/PXASURFACE MOUNT TYPE (TRAY)?DIMENSIONS [mm]320?TRAY CODEExampleCapacitor's P/N230TRMVE6.3VE 4700M L22 T}