如何应用reirecyclerview managerr 5.3 做诊断性meta分析的文献质量评价

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第四部分&Meta分析案例统计分析过程&局部解剖&
干预性研究一般是指对疾病进行干涉(手术,药物,检查等)后观察病人的临床症状、体征、药代动力学、药效学变化等,以此来衡量和评价干预措施所能达到的效果。Meta分析在医学领域的应用最为广泛,其中应用最多的就是对干预性研究(尤其是随机对照研究,RCT)的评价,在一些观察性研究和病例对照研究中也得到推荐。本文旨在通过结合作者自己最近发表的干预性研究Meta分析的经验,详细地介绍如何使用Review Manager(version 5.3)进行此种类型Meta分析。
案例与操作
笔者以2016年于Clinical Lung Cancer发表的一篇题为&Effect of CombinedTherapy Inhibiting EGFR and VEGFR Pathways in Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer onProgression-free and Overall Survival&为例,详细描述运用Review Manager(version5.3)进行干预性研究Meta分析的操作步骤。
点击图片看全文,PMID: DOI:10.1016/j.cllc.
2. 用Excel录入所需数据
(1)客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)和疾病控制率(diseasecontrol rate,DCR)以如下表格式录入,即为传统四格表。数据提取遵循的原则是以文章中发表数据为准。一般干预性研究会在文章results部分用表格形式把实验组和对照组中接受治疗/干预措施的有效/无效人群的数量展示出来,读者可以从文中表格直接提取。如图1所示。
图1.&Excel示意录入数据格式与标注
treat(实验组有效人数),total(实验组总人数),control(对照组有效人数),total(对照组总人数)
(2)无疾病进展生存(progression free survival,PFS)和总生存(overallsurvival,OS)以风险比(hazard ratio,HR)和95%可信区间(Confidenceinterval,CI)表示,录入格式为author-year-HR-up(95%CI上界)-down(95%CI下界)(图2)。
图2. Excel示意录入数据格式:PFS和OS
(3)亚组数据:按文章需求进行亚组分析,将亚组分析的数据同样录入并整理。如下图,根据案例文章的分析要求,依EGFR突变状态分为野生型和突变型进行数据录入(图3~图4)。
图3.对EGFR突变状态进行亚组分析前数据的录入
图4.根据不同的亚组在excel中建立不同的文件
3. 运用Review Manager 5.3对录入数据进行分析
(1)review manager 5.3免费下载(http://tech.cochrane.org/revman),并按指示安装软件,mac和windows版本均有。本文的演示均在Mac中进行,Windows的操作过程与之大致类似。如图5所示。
图5. Review manager的下载界面
(2)运行review manager,并命名新文件(如图6~图10所示)。
图6.&建立新文件
图7.&选择干预性Meta类型
图8.&为文件命名
图9.&建立full review文件类型
图10. 最后生成文件
4. 纳入所有纳入Meta分析的研究名字
见图11~图16所示。
图11.&在左侧栏中找到references to studies-included studies,右键,选择&Add Study&
图12.&依次输入研究author + year
图13.&根据实际情况选择数据来源是以发表还 是未发表
图14.&填写相应研究的发表年份(后面可 按年份排序研究顺序)
图15.&直接选择finish
图16.&填加一个研究成功后,左侧栏中会显示相应的研究名称
同理,添加所有涉及的研究本案例涉及10个研究,故均用上述方法依次添加
5. 制作森林图进行分析
(1)制作ORR/DCR森林图
制作森林图的步骤可归纳为:data and analyses-add comparison-add outcome&选择正确的数据类型&添加数据这五大步骤 (如图17~图30所示)。
图17.&Add &comparison:实际上就是分组,想研究数据之间的ORR比较,就命名为 ORR
步骤:data and analyses,右键:add comparison。
Add outcome:这一步主要是设置数据类型等。由于ORR和DCR都是二分 类数据类型,故选择dichotomous对于肿瘤的Meta分析,在revman中,主要就是 应用dichotomous(ORR/DCR)和generic inverse variance(PFS/OS)两种。如图18所示。
图18.&Add &outcome:这一步主要是设置数据类型等
数据类型的选择:名称可定义为比较对象的名字,如案例中命名为combination vs. control,意在比较联合用药组和对照组ORR差别。如图19所示。
图19.&数据类型的选择
定义名称:此步骤为选择分析方法,一般是M-H方法,模型默认是fixed model,后面通过I2大小可以再更改。如图20所示。
图20. 定义名称
选择模型:此步骤为具体的分析细节,一般都是默认情况,后面均可根据实际情况再更改。如图21所示。 选择模型的操作细节,这一步要注意:在分析ORR和DCR时,一定要将left graph定义为对照组,而right graph定义为试验组,根据四格表公式,对于ORR和DCR,OR&1代表试验组更加有效。如图22所示。
图21. 选择模型
图22.&选择模型的操作细节
图23.&add study data:将所需数据导入制作森林图
图24.&选中所需要的研究名称(左侧显示的为第一步纳入的所有研究)
图25.&将先前的excel中的数据导入,可以复制,也 可以手动输入,注意顺序
图26.&点击显示森林图的按钮,制作森林图
图27.&森林图制作完毕,需要注意的是下面方框圈出的代表异质性 的I2,本例I2=20%,应用默认的固定效应模型
图28.&若异质性大,可改成随机效应模型
图29.&为保存森林图,可以点击下图所圈出的保存按钮
图30.&可保存成各种多种多样格式
(2)制作PFS/OS森林图。&
如图31~图38所示。
图31.&add comparison:步骤见图17
图32.&add outcome:这里数据类型有些不同
注意:这里面le graph变成试验组,因为HR&1说明对病人来 说是有利因素,不同于OR
图33.&add study data:以本案例中PFS为例,共纳入8个研究
图34.&下一步就是录数据,这步有点特殊,需要用到自带的计算器
以第一个,Groen 2013为例:PFS:HR,0.9;95%CI:0.67~1.2
图35.&点开计算器后,只需要输入HR数值和CI &start即可,其余的数据自动生成
图36.&同理将所有的研究结果纳入
图37.&生成森林图
图38. 异质性很大,改成随机效应模型,具体过程可见图20-28, 结果如图
6. 制作亚组分析森林图
亚组分析所有步骤均可参见图39和图40,唯一不同的是需要在森林图中将亚组显示出来,以EGFR(+)vs.&EGFR(&)为例。
命名亚组名称,依据本案例为:EGFR(+)和EGFR(&)。
之后步骤参照图39和图40。最后可得出的结果(如图41)(注意:两个亚组的模型只能同时调整,所以当两个亚组的异质性都很大或者很小可适用一种模型时,才用此建立亚组的方式,否则还是需要用图39和图40步骤分别建立outcome)。
图39.&根据EGFR状态进行亚组分析
图40.&亚组分析的详细步骤
图41.&亚组分析的森林图结果(根据EGFR状态)
说明:文章中所有的森林图均用以上方法制作,故不再赘述。
7. 制作风险偏移图
通过阅读纳入的文献,对每一篇文章从以下几方面进行偏移评估,并分出等级。如图42所示。
图42.&偏移风险评估表原始表格
(1)制作risk of bias graph:首先,根据表格讲每篇文献的不同方面的风险 等级录入,如图43所示。
图43.&每篇文献的风险等级录入
将每篇文献的等级录入好后,制作图片,选择risk of bias graph。如图44所示之后默认就可以了。
图44.&偏移图制作过程
最后可以看到生成的图片,如图45示。
图45.&Risk of bias graph制作过程
(2)制作risk of bias summary:步骤同图45,只需要在选择时选择risk of bias summary,如图46所示。
图46.&Risk of bias summary 制作过程
综上,笔者结合自己最近发表的干预性研究Meta分析的经验,详细总结并介绍了使用review manager进行此种类型Meta分析的操作过程。相对于stata软件而言,使用review manager进行Meta分析虽然步骤相对繁琐,但是因其自动生成的森林图包含详细的统计学参数和结果,而受到学界的广泛认可。笔者在阅读 一些高质量SCI论文时发现,学者更倾向于使用review&manager生成Meta分析所需森林图。这说明review manager在Meta分析中的专业认可度更高。对于临床医生而言,干预性研究是我们日常工作和学习中遇到的最多的文献类型。只要我们在平时工作中留心观察临床问题,在阅读文献时注意总结归纳,很容易发现干预性研究Meta分析的切入点。一旦有了很好的切入点,那这篇文章就能协助你快速、简单地实现你的idea。
参考文献:略
下周!预后标志物相关的Meta分析统计分析实例~
如果还想偷看《疯狂统计学》的哪些内容,欢迎留言(我会告诉你们扫一扫下面的海报二维码有全书目录吗)
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译言网 | Meta分析软件—RevMan5.0使用指南(初稿)
Meta分析软件—RevMan5.0使用指南(初稿)
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Meta分析软件—RevMan5.0使用指南(初稿)
Review Manager 5 Tutorial&
RevMan5.0使用指南
Welcome to the RevMan Tutorial. This tutorial is designed to give Cochrane review authors an introduction to the process of writing a Cochrane systematic review of a healthcare intervention using RevMan.&
欢迎使用RevMan指南。这个指南指导Cochrane综述作者提供如何使用RevMan完成健康干预措施的系统综述。
The tutorial does not provide all the information necessary to write a Cochrane review, and does not address other types of Cochrane systematic reviews such as reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies or overviews of reviews. For detailed instructions on how to conduct a Cochrane systematic review of an intervention, please refer to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, available from the RevMan Help menu.&
这个指南没有提供写一篇Cochrane综述所需的所有信息,也没有探讨其他类型研究的系统综述,如诊断精确性试验(diagnostic test accuracy studies)和综述的评价(overviews of reviews)。获取如何写一篇干预措施的Cochrane系统综述的更多信息,请参考RevMan帮助(Help)菜单下的&#8220;Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions&#8221;。
Later parts of this tutorial rely on activities completed in the earlier sections, so we recommend you start working from the beginning. If you would like to skip ahead, click on the section you would like to read in the Contents list.&
该使用指南的后面章节的内容是建立在前面章节基础上的,所以最好从开始看起。如果你不想看前面章节,在目录里点击你要看的章节。
If you have technical questions regarding RevMan software, please contact the Cochrane Information Management System team at www.cc-ims.net/RevMan. Other questions related to preparing protocols or reviews in RevMan should be directed to the relevant Cochrane Review Group.&
如果有关于RevMan软件的技术问题,请在www.cc-ims.net/RevMan联系 Cochrane信息管理系统小组(Cochrane Information Management System team)。其他关于RevMan准备方案或综述的问题,请联系有关的Cochrane评价小组(Cochrane Review Group)。
Note: The results reported in this tutorial are fictional and were created by the authors. To find current information on the effects of an intervention, please refer to www.thecochranelibrary.com.
注意:该使用指南中报告的结果是假设的,数据由作者杜撰。查询目前有关一个干预措施效果的信息,请登录www.thecochranelibrary.com。
PART 1 &#8211; Getting started
第一章 开始综述
Opening your review
第一节 打开你的综述
Setting up user details&
第二节 设置用户信息
The RevMan 5 interface
第三节 RevMan 5 界面
Saving a review
第四节 保存综述
Adding authors to a review
第五节 添加综述的作者
Opening your review&
第一节 打开你的综述
All Cochrane reviews are stored in Archie, The Cochrane Collaboration&#8217;s online database. When you have registered a review with a Cochrane Review Group, they will set up a user account for you in Archie. To work on your review, you will need to find your review online in Archie and check it out into RevMan using the Check Out button on the toolbar.&
所有的Cochrane综述都存在Cochrane协作组的网上数据库——Archie中。当你注册成为某个Cochrane综述小组(Cochrane Review Group)成员时,你会获得登录Archie的账户。为了开始你的综述,你需要在Archie数据库中找到你的综述,下载在RevMan中使用,完成后再点击工具栏上的&#8220;Check Out&#8221;按钮上传综述。
For this tutorial we will use a sample review called &#8216;Caffeine for daytime drowsiness&#8217;. Instead of checking the review out of Archie, it has been provided as an additional file with RevMan 5.&
在本教程中,我们将使用名为&#8220;Caffeine for daytime drowsiness&#8221;的示例。它是RevMan 5 的附加文件,不需要从Archie中下载。
1. From the File menu, select Open, or click the Open button & on the toolbar.&
1 点击文件(File)菜单下的&#8220;Open&#8221;,或者点击工具栏上的&#8220;Open&#8221;按钮。
2. Find the folder where RevMan was installed on your computer. If you are&using Windows and accepted the default installation location, this will be&C:\\Program Files\Review Manager 5.&
2 找到RevMan在你的电脑中的安装目录。如果你使用的是Windows系统,默认安装目录为C:\\Program Files\Review Manager 5。
3. Open the doc folder, and then the tutorial folder.&
3 打开&#8220;doc&#8221;文件夹,然后打开&#8220;tutorial&#8221;文件夹。
4. Select the file &#8216;Caffeine for daytime drowsiness.rm5&#8217;.&
4 选择文件&#8220;Caffeine for daytime drowsiness.rm5&#8221;。
5. Click Open.&
5 点击&#8220;Open&#8221;。
Note: It is possible to create a new review in RevMan by selecting New from the File menu, or clicking the New button & on the toolbar. Be aware that if you create a review yourself, you cannot check it into Archie or use it for publication in The Cochrane Library.&
注意:在文件(File)菜单下选择&#8220;New&#8221;或点击工具栏上的&#8220;New&#8221;按钮,可在RevMan创建一个新的综述。注意,如果是你自己创建的综述,你就不能把它上传到Archie或者发表在Cochrane图书馆中。
Setting up user details&
第二节 设置用户信息
If you will be using RevMan regularly on the same computer, you may wish to enter your user details (such as your name). RevMan will attach these user details to any editing done using track changes so that co-authors and editors can easily identify who has made the changes. Open your user details by selecting Preferences from the Tools menu. Enter your name directly or click Choose to find your details in Archie.&
如果你经常在同一台电脑上使用RevMan,你最好输入你的用户详细信息(比如,你的姓名)。在RevMan中,使用追踪改变(track changes)编辑功能时,你的信息会附在每个改变上,这样其他的共同作者就会清楚是谁作出的改变。在工具(Tools)菜单下选择&#8220;Preferences&#8221;可以编辑你的用户信息。直接输入你的姓名或者点击&#8220;Choose&#8221;在Archie寻找你的用户信息。
Note: You will need to set up RevMan access to Archie via the internet. In the Preferences window, open the Connection tab. Click the Wizard button to set up your connection, or enter your Archie user name and password directly and click the Test button to check the connection. You may need to enter proxy server details. Consult the RevMan 5 Help or your local IT support for more information.&
注意:RevMan需要网络连接才能连入Archie。在&#8220;Preferences&#8221;对话框,选择&#8220;Connection&#8221;选项卡。点击&#8220;Wizard&#8221;按钮设置你的连接,或者在输入你的Archie用户名和密码后,点击&#8220;Test&#8221;按钮测试连接。你可能需要进行代理设置。获得更多信息,参考RevMan 5帮助文件,或者联系当地的IT提供商。
The RevMan 5 interface&
第三节 RevMan 5 界面
When a review is open in RevMan 5, you will see there are two separate window panes that interact with each other as you navigate through the different sections of a review. The pane on the left hand side shows the outline of a review. This is referred to as the outline pane. The area on the right hand side shows all the information contained in a review. This is referred to as the content pane. The content pane will usually show the text of your review, but can also contain additional tabs for results, figures, etc.&
当一个综述在RevMan 5中打开后,当你浏览综述的不同部分时,会发现有两个相互联系但分离的窗口面板(window panes)。左边的面板显示综述的大纲。该面板称为大纲面板(outline pane)。右边的面板显示综述中的所有信息。该面板称为内容面板(content pane)。内容面板(content pane)通常显示综述的文本,但是也包括额外的标签页,如结果、图像等。
In the outline pane, you can use the key icon & next to each heading to expand and collapse subheadings. In the content pane, use the & symbol.&
在大纲面板(outline pane),你可以使用标题旁边的钥匙图标展开到子标题。在内容面板(content pane)中,则使用标题旁边的加号图标。
RevMan allows you to change the appearance of the interface by selecting Preferences from the Tools menu and going to the Interface tab. The default Look and Feel of the interface is Metal. All screen captures presented in this tutorial display the Metal look and feel. It is also possible to set language and spelling options in the Preferences window.&
你可以在工具(Tools)菜单下&#8220;Preferences&#8221;的&#8220;Interface&#8221;选项卡中自定义RevMan的界面。默认的&#8220;Look and Feel&#8221;界面为&#8220;Metal&#8221;。本教程中的截图都是&#8220;Metal&#8221;主题。在&#8220;Preferences&#8221;中,你还可以选择语言以及拼写。
By default, your new review is at the protocol stage, indicating that you are planning the methods for a review. Sections of a review that are not required at the protocol stage (but will be needed later for your completed review) appear as inactive (light grey) in both the outline pane and the content pane.&
在默认情况下,你的综述处于方案阶段(protocol stage),这说明你在为综述准备方法。一些综述部分在方案阶段(protocol stage)并不需要(但是,在完整的综述中时必需的),其在大纲面板(outline pane)和内容面板(content pane)中显示为撤销状态(浅灰)。
When you undertake a Cochrane review, the protocol must be completed and submitted for publication before moving on to the review stage. For this tutorial, to convert the file from the protocol stage to review stage, use the following directions:&
当你撰写Cochrane综述时,在综述阶段(review stage)前,你必须完成和提交方案。在本教程中,使用以下步骤,将综述从方案阶段(protocol stage)转为综述阶段(review stage):
1. Click the Properties button & in the top-right of the content pane.&
1 点击内容面板(content pane)右上角的&#8220;Properties&#8221;按钮。
2. In the Properties window, select the General tab.&
2 在&#8220;Properties&#8221;窗口中,选择&#8220;General&#8221;选项卡。
3. Note the automatically generated Version Number &#8211; this number will change each time the review is checked into Archie. Note that you do not need a separate Review Number unless your Review Group provides one.&
3 注意此时自动生成版本号(Version Number)——该号码在综述每次上传到Archie中后会改变。注意除非你的综述小组(Review Group)提供给你综述号(Review Number),你就不必填写该号码。
4. Enter the Version Description &#8216;First draft&#8217;. When choosing a version description, make sure it is brief and clearly indicates what&#8217;s different about this draft, e.g. &#8216;Edited by [your initials]&#8217; or &#8216;Methods section complete&#8217;.&
4 在&#8220;Version Description&#8221;中输入&#8220;First draft&#8221;。在选择版本描述(version description)时,请确认使用简短而清楚的话说明该版本有什么改变,比如&#8220;Edited by [your initials]&#8221; 或 &#8220;Methods section complete&#8221;。
5. For the Stage, select Full Review.&
5 在&#8220;Stage&#8221;,选择&#8220;Full Review&#8221;。
6. Click OK. Note that all of the section headings of the review are now activated for inclusion (there are no light grey section headings).
6 点击&#8220;OK&#8221;。注意综述的部分标题(section headings)被纳入激活了(不再存在浅灰的部分标题)。
Saving a review&
第四节 保存综述
When you have finished working on a review from Archie, we recommend that you always save the review by checking it back into Archie using the Check In & button on the toolbar. This ensures the most recent version of your review is safely stored and can always be accessed from Archie by your co-authors and editors.&
当你完成从Archie下载下来的综述后,最好使用工具栏上&#8220;Check In&#8221;按钮将其上传回Archie。这样可以保证你的综述的最新版本被安全地保存,其他共同作者和编辑也可以从Archie下载该综述。
We recommend that you do not keep saved reviews on your computer, to avoid confusion with different versions. Be careful not to use a version of your review from your computer if a more recent version is available in Archie. If for some reason you do need to save a review to your computer, such as this tutorial review which is not from Archie, go to the File menu and select Save As, or click the Save & button on the toolbar. You can open a saved review by going to the File menu and selecting Open, or clicking the Open button & on the toolbar. &
我们不建议你把综述保存在你的电脑中,一面发生版本混乱。记住如果可以从Archie获得最新的版本,就不要使用你电脑中的版本。在某些情况下,你必须把综述存在你的电脑中,比如,该教程的综述不是来自Archie,点击文件(File)菜单下的&#8220;Save As&#8221;,或者点击工具栏上的&#8220;Save&#8221;按钮。如果要打开一个已保存的文件,点击点击文件(File)菜单下的&#8220;Open&#8221;,或者点击工具栏上的&#8220;Open&#8221;按钮。
RevMan also creates automatic backups of your review. See the Help menu for information on retrieving a backup file.&
RevMan会自动创建综述的备份。查看帮助(Help)菜单,获得如何恢复备份文件的相关信息。
Adding authors to a review&
第五节 添加综述的作者
For a real review, your Review Group will add your name as an author of the review when they create the file, along with any known co-authors. You may wish to add additional authors later.&
在真实的综述中,你的综述小组(Review Group)在创建综述时,会把你的名字和其他已知共同作者的名字添加为综述的作者。但是,你也许会增加额外的作者。
There are two ways to add authors to a review:&
在一个综述中添加作者有两种方法:
&#8226; &Add an author based on their record in Archie &#8211; this option allows you to&add authors who are already listed in the Archie database. You will need to&have internet access and an Archie user account for this option.&
&& 基于Archie中的记录创建——这允许你添加Archie数据库中已有的作者。你需要网路连接和Archie账户来进行此项操作。
&#8226; &Add a local record (name only) that can be linked to Archie later &#8211; this&option allows you to add authors that are not yet listed in Archie.&
&& 在本地创建作者(只有姓名),随后链接到Archie——这个操作允许你添加Archie中没有的作者。
1. In the content pane, click the & icon next to the Review information heading to show further subheadings.&
1 在内容面板(content pane),点击&#8220;Review information&#8221;左边的加号图标展开子标题。
2. Click the & icon to open the Authors section. Note that three authors have already been added to this review.&
2 点击加号图标展开&#8220;Authors&#8221;部分。注意在本综述,已有三个作者。
3. In the outline pane, click the key icon & next to Review information.&
3 在大纲面板(outline pane),点击点击&#8220;Review information&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标。
4. Select the Authors heading.&
4 选择&#8220;&#8220;Authors&#8221;标题。
5. Click the Add Author & button on the outline pane toolbar to open the New Author Wizard.&
5 点击大纲面板工具栏(outline pane toolbar )上的&#8220;Add Author&#8221;按钮,打开&#8220;New Author Wizard&#8221;对话框。
6. Select Add a local record (name only) that can be linked to Archie later. Click Next.&
6 选择&#8220;Add a local record (name only) that can be linked to Archie later&#8221;,点击下一步(Next)。
7. Enter your name in the First Name and Family Name fields.&
7 输入你的姓名。
8. Click Finish. You will now see your name listed next to the other authors of the review. Note that no affiliation is available for your name. Affiliations can only be added from records in Archie.&
8 点击完成(Finish)。你的名字和综述的其他作者列在一起了。注意你的名字下没有工作单位,工作单位只有来自Archie记录的作者才有。
Under the author details in both the outline and content panes you will note that a Contact person can be specified for the review. By default, this is the first author, but another person (who may or may not be an author of the review) can be nominated by selecting the Contact person heading in the outline pane and clicking the Edit Contact Person & button on the outline pane toolbar. The contact person must be listed in Archie.&
在大纲和内容面板(outline and content panes)下的作者细节,你会发现可以给综述添加特定的通讯作者( Contact person)。通常,这个作者为第一作者,但是其他作者(可能是或不是综述作者)也能作为通讯作者( Contact person)。选择大纲面板(outline pane)中的&#8220;Contact person&#8221;标题,点击大纲面板工具栏(outline pane toolbar )上的&#8220;Edit Contact Person&#8221;按钮,即可推荐通讯作者( Contact person)。通讯作者( Contact person)只能是Archie中已有的作者。
Note: To add new people to Archie or to make changes to contact details, please contact your Review Group Co-ordinator.&
注意:在Archie中添加新作者或者改变已有作者的信息,请联系你所在综述小组(Review Group)协调员。
PART 2 &#8211; Working with text&
第二章 编辑文本
Adding text to a review
第一节 在综述中添加文本
Formatting text
第二节 文本格式
Making changes to headings
第三节 改变标题
Adding notes&
第四节 添加笔记
Tracking changes in the text&
第五节 追踪文本改变
Checking your spelling&
第六节 拼写检查
Adding text to a review&
第一节 在综述中添加文本
Text can be copied and pasted from a word processor document, imported as an html file or typed directly into RevMan.&
在RevMan中,你可以复制和粘贴Word文档中的文本、导入HTML文件或者直接输入文本。
1. In the content pane, if it is not already expanded, click the & icon next to the Background heading.&
1 在内容面板(content pane)中,如果需要的部分没有展开,点击&#8220;Background&#8221;标题左边的加号图标。
2. Click the & icon next to the Description of the condition heading. A blank line will open under the heading.&
2 点击&#8220;Description of the condition&#8221;标题左边的加号图标。标题下降出现一个空白行。
3. Click to place the cursor in the blank line and type &#8220;Daytime drowsiness is a common problem that affects productivity and quality of life.&#8221;&
3 把光标移到空白行,输入&#8220;Daytime drowsiness is a common problem that affects productivity and quality of life.&#8221;
Formatting text&
第二节 文本格式
RevMan text formatting options are available from the toolbar, including bold , italics &, underline &, superscript &, subscript &, and highlighting text & similar to most other word processing software. You cannot change the font or type size, as these are standard for all Cochrane reviews.&
RevMan中的文本格式可以在工具栏上选择,包括加粗(bold)、倾斜(bold)、下划线(underline)、上标(superscript)、下标(subscript)和强调(highlighting),这和Word的功能类似。但是,你不能改变字体或字号,因为Cochrane综述中对其有规定。
The Insert Symbol button & allows you to insert symbols into the text of the review, including in tables and author names. You can also insert a non-breaking space.&
点击&#8220;Insert Symbol&#8221;按钮可以让你在表格、作者等综述文本插入符号。使用&#8220;Insert Symbol&#8221;,你还可以插入不间断空格(non-breaking space)。
RevMan also allows bulleted & and numbered lists &, including multi-level lists.&
在RevMan中,你可以使用项目符号和编号列表(bulleted and numbered lists),其中可以创建多层次列表。
Making changes to headings&
第三节 改变标题
RevMan includes the standard headings for a complete Cochrane review, but new headings can be added and some standard headings can be deactivated.&
RevMan已经包括一篇完整的Cochrane综述所需的标准标题,但是你还是可以添加新标题,并撤销一些标准标题。
1. In the outline pane, click the key icon & next to Main text to reveal the subheadings.&
1 在大纲面板(outline pane),点击&#8220;Main text&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标,显示标题。
2. Click the key icon & next to Background.&
2 点击&#8220;Background&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标。
3. Any heading with the & icon is optional and can be deactivated. Right-click the How the intervention might work heading and select Deactivate Heading (alternatively, select the heading How the intervention might work then click the & button on the outline pane toolbar and select Deactivate Heading from the drop down menu).&
3 带有图标的标题都是可选的,可以被撤销。右击&#8220;How the intervention might work&#8221;标题,选择&#8220;Deactivate Heading&#8221;。(或者,选择&#8220;How the intervention might work&#8221;标题,然后点击大纲工具栏(outline pane toolbar)上最后面的小三角图标,从下拉框中选择&#8220;Deactivate Heading&#8221;。)
4. Note that the heading appears deactivated (light grey) in the outline pane and the text of the heading has been removed from the content pane.&
4 注意在大纲面板(outline pane)中,这个标题以撤销的形式出现(浅灰),并且从内容面板(content pane)消失。
5. In the content pane, click to place the cursor at the end of the text in the Description of the condition section and press Enter to create a new line.&
5 在内容面板(content pane),将光标置于&#8220;Description of the condition&#8221;部分的最后,按下&#8220;Enter&#8221;键创建新的一行。
6. On the toolbar, you will see a drop-down box showing the text style currently in use. By default, text is in the Normal style. Click the drop-down arrow and select Heading 3.&
6 在工具栏,你可以看到一个下拉框在显示文本目前使用的样式。默认样式为普通样式(Normal style)。点击下拉框,选择&#8220;Heading 3&#8221;。
7. Type the text &#8216;International context&#8217;. Note that formatting of Heading 3 is bold and italics.&
7 输入文本&#8220;International context&#8221;。注意&#8220;Heading 3&#8221;样式为加粗和倾斜。
8. Press Enter again. Note that the new blank line is in the Normal style again.&
8 再次按下&#8220;Enter&#8221;键。注意新建的一行还是普通样式(Normal style)。
Adding notes&
第四节 添加笔记
You can add notes to assist in drafting the review. These notes will not appear in the published version of the review.&
你可以添加笔记来协助写作。这些笔记不会再发表后的综述中出现。
1. In the content pane, make sure the cursor is still in the Background section.&
1 在内容面板(content pane),把光标移动到&#8220;Background&#8221;部分。
2. Click the Notes button &on the outline pane toolbar (NOT the Notes button in the content pane). This will open the Notes window.&
2 点击大纲面板工具栏(outline pane toolbar )上的&#8220;Notes&#8221;按钮(不是内容面板上的&#8220;Notes&#8221;按钮)。这会打开&#8220;Notes&#8221;窗口。
3. Enter a note, &#8216;This text needs revision.&#8217; You will see the user details you entered in the Preferences window at the beginning of the tutorial appears at the bottom of the Notes window.&
3 输入笔记&#8220;This text needs revision.&#8217; 在&#8220;Notes&#8221;窗口底部将会出现该教程一开始就输入的用户信息。
4. Click the Close button to save the note and close the window.&
4 点击&#8220;Close&#8221;按钮,保存并关闭窗口。
5. A yellow Note icon & appears next to the relevant heading in both the content pane and outline pane.&
5 一个黄色笔记图标将出现在内容面板(content pane)和大纲面板(outline pane)的相关标题旁。
6. To see all the notes for a review while you are working, go to the View menu and select Notes. A separate window pane will appear below the content pane showing the notes for each section.&
6 在写综述时,可以在查看(View)菜单下选择笔记(Notes)查看所有的笔记。在内容面板(content pane)下出现分离的窗口显示不同部分的笔记。
7. In the content pane, click to place the cursor back in the Background section. The notes area will automatically display the note you have entered in that section.&
7 把光标移动到内容面板(content pane)的&#8220;Background&#8221;部分,这部分的笔记将自动出现在下面的分离窗口中。
8. Click the & icon at the top left of the notes area to minimise it, or go to the View menu and select Notes to close the notes pane.&
8 点击分离窗口左上角的图标来最小化笔记区域,或者在查看(View)菜单下选择笔记(Notes)来关闭笔记面板(notes pane)。
9. In the content pane, click the Note icon & to open the Notes window again.&
9 点击内容面板(content pane)上的&#8220;Note&#8221;按钮再次打开&#8220;Notes&#8221;窗口。
10. Click Delete to delete the note.&
10 点击&#8220;Delete&#8221;删除笔记。
Tracking changes in the text&
第五节 追踪文本改变
RevMan has a Track Changes system to help you manage editing in the text.&
RevMan提供追踪改变系统(Track Changes system)来帮助你进行编辑文本时的管理。
1. From the Tools menu, select Track Changes, or click the Track Changes & button on the toolbar. Note that the Track Changes button is now activated.&
1 在工具(Tools)菜单下选择&#8220;Track Changes&#8221;或者点击工具栏上的&#8220;Track Changes&#8221;按钮。注意&#8220;Track Changes&#8221;按钮已被激活。
2. In the content pane, go to the Background section and replace the word &#8216;problem&#8217; with the word &#8216;condition&#8217;. The old text will appear in red with a line through it, and the new text will appear in green.&
2 在内容面板(content pane)的&#8220;Background&#8221;部分,将单词&#8220;problem&#8221;改为&#8220;condition&#8221;。旧单词将变为红色,并有一条删除线,而新单词则显示为绿色。
3. In the same section of the review, change the word &#8216;productivity&#8217; to &#8216;function&#8217;. Leave the cursor in the text after your changes.&
2 在综述的同样部分,把单词&#8220;productivity&#8221;改为&#8220;function&#8221;。在作出改变后将光标留在文本中。
4. From the Tools menu, select Accept or Reject Changes. This will open the Accept or Reject Changes window.&
4 在工具(Tools)菜单下选择&#8220;Accept or Reject Changes&#8221;。这会打开&#8220;Accept or Reject Changes&#8221;窗口。
5. In the window you just opened, click the Find button with the arrow pointing left & to search backwards toward the beginning of your document.&
5 在打开的窗口中,点击左箭头的&#8220;Find&#8221;按钮向前搜索到文档的开头。
6. The first change found will be the word &#8216;function&#8217;. The word will be highlighted in the content pane. You may need to move the Accept or Reject Changes window out of the way to see the highlighted section of text. Click Accept to accept the change.&
6 第一找到的改变为单词&#8220;function&#8221;。这个单词在内容面板(content pane)中被强调显示。你可能需要移动&#8220;Accept or Reject Changes&#8221;窗口来查看强调的文字。点击&#8220;Accept&#8221;接受这个改变。
7. RevMan will automatically find the next change and highlight the relevant text. Click Accept again to accept the deletion of the word &#8216;productivity&#8217;.&
7 RevMan接下来自动寻找下一个改变,并强调该文字。再次点击&#8220;Accept&#8221;接受删除单词&#8220;productivity&#8221;。
8. Reject the rest of the changes you made by clicking the Reject All button.&
8 点击&#8220;Reject All&#8221;按钮来拒绝余下的改变。
9. Click OK.&
9 点击&#8220;OK&#8221;。
10. In the content pane, change the word &#8216;problem&#8217; to &#8216;condition&#8217; again.&
10 在内容面板(content pane),把单词&#8220;problem&#8221;再次改为&#8220;condition&#8221;。
11. Hover the mouse pointer over the change. A popup message will appear showing the user details and when the change was made.&
11 把鼠标悬停在这个改变上。一个弹出消息会显示用户细节和改变时间。
12. Right-click each change (both the added word and deleted word) and select Accept Change.&
12 右击每个改变(增加和删除的单词),选择&#8220;Accept Change&#8221;。
13. Turn off the Track Changes feature by clicking the Track Changes & button on the toolbar.&
13 点击工具栏上的&#8220;Track Changes&#8221;按钮,关闭追踪改变(Track Changes)功能。
Checking your spelling&
第六节 拼写检查
RevMan can either check your spelling as you type, or check all the spelling in your review at the one time.&
RevMan可以边写边进行拼写检查,或者在你完成后一次性进行拼写检查。
1. From the Tools menu, select Preferences.&
1 在工具(Tools)菜单下选择&#8220;Preferences&#8221;。
2. Select the Spell Checking tab.&
2 选择&#8220;Spell Checking&#8221;选项卡。
3. Select which dictionaries you would like RevMan to use, including UK, US or Canadian English. You can select more than one dictionary if you wish.&
3 选择你要在RevMan使用的字典,包括UK、US或Canadian英语。如果你需要,你可以选择多个字典。
4. Click OK.&
4 点击&#8220;OK&#8221;。
5. In the content pane, create a spelling mistake by deleting an &#8216;m&#8217; from the word &#8216;common&#8217;.&
5 在内容面板(content pane),输入&#8220;comon&#8221;(&#8220;common&#8221;少了个&#8220;m&#8221;)。
6. Open the Tools menu and select the Check Spelling option. This will open the Check Spelling window.&
6 在工具(Tools)菜单下选择&#8220;Check Spelling&#8221;。这将打开一个&#8220;Check Spelling&#8221;窗口。
7. Depending where your cursor was placed, RevMan may ask whether you wish to continue checking from the beginning of the document. Click Yes.&
7 视光标的位置所定,RevMan可能会问你是否需要从文档开头开始检查。点击&#8220;Yes&#8221;。
8. RevMan will highlight the spelling mistake and suggest &#8216;common&#8217; as the correct spelling. Click Change.&
8 RevMan会强调拼写错误,建议&#8220;commom&#8221;为正确拼写。点击&#8220;Change&#8221;。
Note: The Check Spelling tool cannot correct spelling errors in some sections of the review text, such as author&#8217;s names and contact details or the Data and Analyses section.&
注意:在综述的某些部分,拼写检查(Check Spelling)工具不能使用,比如作者姓名和联系人详细信息或者&#8220;Data and Analyses&#8221;部分。
9. A notice will appear to say that the spell check is complete. Click OK.&
9 一个消息显示拼写检查完成。点击&#8220;OK&#8221;。
10. Click OK again to close the Check Spelling window.&
10 再次点击&#8220;OK&#8221;,关闭&#8220;Check Spelling&#8221;窗口。
11. To check spelling continuously while you type, go to the Tools menu and select Check Spelling as You Type, or click the Check Spelling as You Type & button on the toolbar.&
11 在写作时进行拼写检查,选择工具(Tools)菜单下的&#8220;Check Spelling as You Type&#8221;,或者点击工具栏上的&#8220;Check Spelling as You Type&#8221;按钮。
12. Delete the &#8216;m&#8217; from &#8216;common&#8217; again, and click to place the cursor elsewhere in the text. The spelling mistake will be underlined in red.&
12 再次删除&#8220;common&#8221;中的&#8220;m&#8221;,点击文本中的其他地方。拼写错误将用红色下划线标出。
13. To correct the word, right-click it and select the correct spelling from the options available.&
13 右击单词,选择列表中的正确单词,即可修正拼写错误。
PART 3 &#8211; Adding studies and references
第三章 添加研究和参考文献
Adding studies to a review
第一节 在综述中添加研究
Adding references to a study
第二节 给研究添加参考文献
Editing an existing reference&
第三节 编辑已有的参考文献
Importing references from a text file&
第四节 从文本文件里导入参考文献
Moving references&
第五节 移动参考文献
Adding links to references in the text&
第六节 在文本中添加参考文献链接
Removing a link
第七节 移除链接
Adding multiple links automatically
第八节 自动添加多个链接
There are two kinds of references that can be added to a review:&
在综述中,可以添加两种不同形式的参考文献:
&#8226; &References to studies &#8211; these are references to studies that have been either included or excluded from your review. A study can have more than one reference, for example if there has been more than one published paper, or if you have received additional information from the study author.&
&& 研究的参考文献——你的综述中纳入或排除研究的参考文献。一个研究可有多个参考文献,比如,一个研究发表多篇论文或者从研究者中获得附加信息。
&#8226; &Other references &#8211; these are any other source you would like to cite in your review, such as background articles, methodological references, software, etc.&
&& 其他的参考文献——在你的综述,你可能需要引用其他来源的参考文献,比如,背景资料、方法学文献、软件等。
Adding studies to a review&
第一节 在综述中添加研究
When you are ready to add included and excluded studies to your review, you will need to create a Study ID for each study, and then add the associated references. For Cochrane reviews, the Study ID is usually the name of the lead author of the main published paper and the year of publication. If you have more than one reference with the same name and year, you can add a letter to the year to differentiate them (e.g. Morrocona 1998a, Morrocona 1998b).&
当你准备把纳入和排除研究添加到你的综述中时,你需要为每个研究创建研究ID(Study ID),然后添加相应的参考文献。对于Cochrane综述来说,研究ID(Study ID)通常是第一作者和发布年份的组合。如果有多篇具有相同姓名和年份的研究,你可以通过在年份后添加字母来区别它们(比如,Morrocona 1998a, Morrocona 1998b)。
1. In the outline pane, click the key icon & next to Studies and references.&
1 在大纲面板(outline pane),点击&#8220;Studies and references&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标。
2. Click the key icon & next to the Reference to studies section.&
2 点击&#8220;Reference to studies&#8221;部分旁边的钥匙图标。
3. Select Included studies and click the Add Study & button on the outline pane toolbar. This will open the New Study Wizard.&
3 选择&#8220;Included studies&#8221;,然后再大纲面板工具栏(outline pane toolbar)上点击&#8220;Add Study&#8221;按钮。
4. Enter the Study ID &#8216;Morrocona ; and click Next.&
4 输入研究ID(Study ID)&#8220;Morrocona ;,点击下一步(Next)。
5. From the Data source drop-down list, choose Published and unpublished data. Click Next.&
5 在&#8220;Data source&#8221;下拉框里,选择&#8220;Published and unpublished data&#8221;,点击下一步(Next)。
6. The year the study was conducted will by default appear &#&#8217;. Click Next.&
6 研究年份将默认显示&#&#8221;,点击下一步(Next)。
7. If your study has an ID number, such as a trial registration number or document ID, you enter it here by clicking the Add Identifier button, selecting an ID type from the drop-down list, and entering the ID.&
7 如果你的研究有ID号码,比如试验注册号(trial registration number)或文档ID(document ID),你可以点击&#8220;Add Identifier&#8221;后添加这些信息,从下拉框里选择ID类型(ID type),然后输入ID。
8. Click Next.&
8 点击下一步(Next)。
9. Select Add another study in the same section and click Finish.&
9 选择&#8220; Add another study in the same section&#8221;,点击完成(Finish)。
10. Repeat steps 4-9 and add the following studies to the tutorial review:&
Norscafe 1998&
Oohlahlazza 1998&
Kahve-Paradiso 2002&
10 重复步骤4-9,添加下面的研究:
Norscafe 1998&
Oohlahlazza 1998&
Kahve-Paradiso 2002&
11. When you have added the details for the last study, instead of step 9, select Nothing and click Finish.&
11 当你添加完所有研究后,在步骤9中,选择&#8220;Nothing&#8221;,点击完成(Finish)。
12. In the outline pane, click the key symbol & next to Included Studies to see the new studies listed.&
12 在大纲面板(outline pane),点击&#8220;Included Studies&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标后就可以看到新输入的研究了。
Adding references to a study&
第二节 给研究添加参考文献
1. In the outline pane, select the Morrocona 1998 study.&
1 在大纲面板(outline pane),选择&#8220;Morrocona ;研究。
2. Click the Add Reference & button on the outline pane toolbar. This will open the New Reference Wizard.&
2 在大纲面板工具栏(outline pane toolbar)上,点击&#8220;Add Reference&#8221;按钮。这会打开一个&#8220;New Reference Wizard&#8221;对话框。
3. By default, the Reference Type is set to Journal article (click the drop-down list to see the other options available). Click Next.&
3 通常,参考文献类型(Reference Type)默认为期刊文章(Journal article)(点击下拉框可以选择其他类型)。点击下一步(Next)。
4. Enter the following details in the form provided (note that fields appearing in bold are mandatory):&
Authors: Morrocona MM, Smith A, Jones FH&
English title: The effects of caffeine on alertness: a randomised trial&
Journal/book/source: Journal of Caffeine Studies&
Date of publication: 1998&
Volume: 12&
Pages: 1033-6&
4 在下一步中输入下表中的详细信息(注意粗体的选项是必填的):
Authors: Morrocona MM, Smith A, Jones FH&
English title: The effects of caffeine on alertness: a randomised trial&
Journal/book/source: Journal of Caffeine Studies&
Date of publication: 1998&
Volume: 12&
Pages: 1033-6&
Note: You can right-click in the Journal/book/source field and select Choose from list to select your journal from a list of titles.&
注意:在&#8220;Journal/book/source&#8221;一栏中,你可以右击选择&#8220;Choose from list&#8221;,然后从列表中选择符合的期刊。
5. Click Next. As for a study, you will have the option to add an ID number for the reference, such as a MEDLINE reference number.&
5 点击下一步(Next)。对于研究来说,你可以给参考文献添加ID号码(ID number),比如,MEDLINE的参考文献号码(MEDLINE reference number)。
6. Click Finish. The reference will now appear in the content pane. In the outline pane, click the key symbol & next to Morrocona 1998 to see the new reference listed.&
6 点击完成(Finish)。参考文献将出现在内容面板(content pane)中。在大纲面板(outline pane),点击&#8220;Morrocona ;旁边的钥匙图标可以看到新添加的参考文献。
Note: To add an Other reference to your review, select Additional references in the outline pane and follow steps 2 to 6 above. You will need to give your reference a Reference ID, which should have the same format as a Study ID (first author and year of publication).&
注意:在你的综述中添加其他的参考文献(Other reference),在大纲面板(outline pane)选择&#8220;Additional references&#8221;,重复步骤2-6。你需要给你的参考文献一个参考文献ID(Reference ID),其和研究ID(Study ID)格式类似(第一作者和发布年份)。
Editing an existing reference&
第三节 编辑已有的参考文献
1. In the outline pane, double-click the reference listed under the Morrocona 1998 study (or right-click and select Edit Reference). This will open a new tab in the content pane showing all the details you entered.&
1 在大纲面板(outline pane),双击&#8220;Morrocona ;研究下的参考文献(或者右击选择&#8220;Edit Reference&#8221;)。这会在内容面板(content pane)中打开一个新的标签页,显示你输入的所有细节。
2. Open the Reference Type drop-down box and change the type from &#8216;Journal article&#8217; to &#8216;Book&#8217;. Note that the fields have changed and some rows are now shaded. Shaded rows will not appear in your published review.&
2 在&#8220;Reference Type&#8221;下拉框中把&#8220;Journal article&#8221;改为&#8220;Book&#8221;。注意改变参考文献类型后,一些条目改变了,一些栏目被灰了。灰色行(Shaded rows)不会出现在你发表后的综述中。
3. Change the reference information to the following (you will need to scroll down to see some of these fields):&
Authors: Morrocona MM, Smith A, Jones FH&
Journal/book/source: The effects of caffeine on alertness&
Date of publication: 1998&
Publisher Name: Grinder Press&
City of publication: London&
3 把参考文献信息改为下面的(你需要向下滚动来查看某些条目):
Authors: Morrocona MM, Smith A, Jones FH&
Journal/book/source: The effects of caffeine on alertness&
Date of publication: 1998&
Publisher Name: Grinder Press&
City of publication: London&
4. At the bottom of the reference tab, note that the reference is displayed as it will appear in the published review. Note that this display changes as you make the changes to the reference. Check that the reference appears correctly.&
4 在参考文献标签页的底部,参考文献以出现在发表综述中的形式出现。注意你改变参考文献信息后,这个显示也会改变。检查参考文献是否准确。
5. Go to the tab header and click the & button next to the first author&#8217;s name to close the reference tab (do not click the & button at the top right corner as this will close the review).&
5 点击标签页第一作者左边的图标关闭该标签页(不要点击右上角的关闭按钮,这样会关闭整个综述)。
Note: For further details on how to enter different reference types, see the RevMan Help or the Cochrane Style Guide, available from the Help menu.&
注意:获得输入不同类型参考文献类型的更多信息,请参考帮助(Help)菜单下的&#8220;RevMan Help&#8221;或者&#8220;Cochrane Style Guide&#8221;。
Importing references from a text file&
第四节 从文本文件里导入参考文献
If you have already entered your references in another program, you can avoid typing them in again by importing them from a text file. A sample text file has been provided with RevMan 5 for this tutorial.&
如果你已经在其他软件中输入了你的参考文献,通过从文本文件里导入参考文献,你就不必在RenMan中再次输入。RevMan 5为该教程提供了示例文本文件。
Note: For details on how to generate a text file, see the help files in your reference management software. RevMan can read text files created from most major reference management software using the RIS format. You may need to check that you are using a RevMan filter when exporting your references to a text file.&
注意:关于如何导出文本文件,请参考你的文献管理软件(reference management software)的帮助文件。RevMan可以识别大多数主流文献管理软件(reference management software)创建的RIS格式文件。但你导出你的参考文献到文本文件时,你可以需要选择RevMan过滤器(RevMan filter)。
1. Go to the File menu and select Import, then References. This will open the Import References Wizard.&
1 在文件(File)菜单下,选择导入(Import),然后选择参考文献(References)。这会打开&#8220;Import References Wizard&#8221;对话框。
2. Click Next. &
2 点击下一步(Next)。
3. RevMan should automatically open the same folder we used to open the sample review: c:\\program files\review manager 5\doc\tutorial. Select the file &#8216;Study References.txt&#8217; and click Open.&
3 RevMan将打开示例综述所在的文件夹:c:\\program files\review manager 5\doc\tutorial。选择&#8220;Study References.txt&#8221;文件,点击打开(Open)。
4. You will see a preview of the text file. Click Next.&
4 你可以预览文本文件。点击下一步(Next)。
5. By default, RevMan Format is selected as the format of the text file (other options include RIS or PubMed MEDLINE formats). Click Next.&
5 通常,RevMan格式是文本文件的默认选择(其他选择包括RIS或PubMed MEDLINE格式)。点击下一步(Next)。
6. By default, RevMan will save references to the Classification pending references section, under Other References in the outline pane. References in this section will not appear in the published review (for this reason they are shown in grey). Click Next.&
6 通常,RevMan默认将参考文献存在大纲面板(outline pane)的&#8220;Other References &#8221;中的&#8220;Classification pending references&#8221;部分。
7. If you wish, you can assign different locations for each individual reference, or exclude specific references from the text file while importing the rest. For this tutorial, leave the settings as they are and click Finish.&
7 如果你需要,你可以把每个参考文献分配到不同的地方,或者排除某些参考文献,只导入剩下的。对于本教程来说,接受默认设置,点击完成(Finish)。
8. RevMan will report that 6 references have been imported. Click OK.&
8 RevMan将弹出消息说有6个参考文献被导入。点击&#8220;OK&#8221;。
9. In the outline pane, use the key icons & to open the Other references section and then the Classification pending references section. You will see the references you imported.&
9 点击大纲面板(outline pane)中&#8220;Other References &#8221;旁边的钥匙图标,然后&#8220;Classification pending references&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标。你就可以找到导入的参考文献了。
Moving references&
第五节 移动参考文献
There are several ways to move references to the appropriate study.&
把参考文献移动到相应的研究下有以下几种方法:
1. In the outline pane, in the Classification pending references section, select the reference Norscafe 1998.&
1 在大纲面板(outline pane)中&#8220;Classification pending references &#8221;部分,选择&#8220;Norscafe ;参考文献。
2. From the Edit menu, select Cut or click the Cut button &on the toolbar.&
2 在编辑(Edit)菜单,选择&#8220;Cut&#8221;或点击工具栏栏上的&#8220;Cut&#8221;图标。
3. Use the key icons & to open the Included studies section, and open the Norscafe 1998 study. An [Empty] reference has been added here. To add a reference manually, you can edit the empty reference using the instructions in the previous section.
3 点击钥匙图标展开&#8220;Included studies&#8221;部分,并显示&#8220;Norscafe ;研究。一个&#8220;[Empty]&#8221;参考文献已被添加。手动添加参考文献,可以参考前一节进行编辑空白参考文献。
4. Select the Norscafe 1998 study.&
4 选择&#8220;Norscafe ;研究。
5. From the Edit menu, select Paste, or click the Paste button & on the toolbar.&
5 在编辑(Edit)菜单,选择&#8220;Paste&#8221;或点击工具栏栏上的&#8220;Paste&#8221;图标。
6. The reference will be deleted from the Classification pending references section and added to the Norscafe 1998 study. Note that the [Empty] reference has gone.&
6 &#8220;Classification pending references &#8221;部分的相应的参考文献将消失,并移动到&#8220;Norscafe ;下。注意&#8220;[Empty]&#8221;参考文献已经不显示了。
7. Go to Classification pending references and right-click Deliciozza 2004.&
7 进入&#8220;Classification pending references &#8221;部分,右击&#8220;Deliciozza ;。
8. Select Move to, then Included studies. As there was no study with a name matching the reference, RevMan will automatically create a new study in the Included studies section with the ID Deliciozza 2004.&
8 选择&#8220;Move to&#8221;,然后选择&#8220;Included studies&#8221;。因为没有研究匹配该参考文献,RevMan会自动在&#8220;Included studies&#8221;部分创建ID为&#8220;Deliciozza ;的新研究。
9. Go to the Classification pending references section and select Kahve-Paradiso 2002.&
9 进入&#8220;Classification pending references &#8221;部分,选择&#8220;Kahve-Paradiso ;。
10. Click and drag the reference to the Kahve-Paradiso 2002 study.&
10 将其拖动到&#8220;Kahve-Paradiso ;研究中。
11. Repeat step 10 to move the remaining references to the corresponding studies. Note that more than one reference can be moved to the Morrocona 1998 study.&
11 重复步骤10将参考文献拖动到相应研究中。注意有过个参考文献可以移动到&#8220;Morrocona ;研究中。
12. In the outline pane, click the key icons & to open the Included studies section, and then open the Morrocona 1998 study.&
12 在大纲面板(outline pane),点击钥匙图标展开&#8220;Included studies&#8221;部分,在展开&#8220;Morrocona ;研究。
13. Select the first reference and double-click to open the reference tab.&
13 选择第一个参考文献,双击打开参考文献标签页。
14. In the content pane, check the This is the primary reference for the study box.&
14 在内容面板(content pane),勾选&#8220; This is the primary reference for the study&#8221;方框。
15. In the outline pane, note that the book icon beside the primary reference appears in black &, and the icons beside the other references are grey .&
15 在大纲面板(outline pane),注意主要参考文献(primary reference)旁的图书图标是黑色的,其他参考文献旁的则是灰色的。
Adding links to references in the text&
第六节 在文本中添加参考文献链接
Rather than typing citations in the text or including footnotes, RevMan allows you to include active hyperlinks to references in the text of your review.&
在你的综述文本中,你不必在文本或脚注中输入一个个的参考文献,RevMan可以让你插入活动的参考文献链接。
1. In the content pane, scroll up to find the Description of the condition section.&
1 在内容面板(content pane),向上滚动到&#8220;Description of the condition&#8221;部分。
2. Click to place the cursor after the word &#8216;life&#8217;.&
2 把光标移动到单词&#8220;life&#8221;后面。
3. From the Format menu, select Insert Link, or click the Insert Link & button on the toolbar. This will open the Insert Link window.&
3 在格式(Format)菜单中,选择&#8220;Insert Link&#8221;,或者点击工具栏上的&#8220;Insert Link&#8221;图标。这会打开&#8220;Insert Link&#8221;窗口。&
4. From the list, select the study Morrocona 1998. Note that you can use this same method to link to included and excluded studies, figures, tables, sections of the review text and external web links.&
4 在列表中,选择&#8220;Study&#8221;下的&#8220;Morrocona ;。注意,你可以使用同样的方法链接纳入和排除文献、图像、表格、综述文本部分和网址。
5. Click OK. You will see a blue hyperlink to the reference appear in the text. This link will be active after the review is published in The Cochrane Library.&
5 点击&#8220;OK&#8221;。在文本中,你会看到蓝色的参考文献链接。综述发表在Cochrane图书馆后,链接将被激活。
6. Add a space before the link and parentheses ( ) before and after the link, so that it appears as &#8220;&#8230;quality of life (Morrocona 1998).&#8221;&
6 将链接用小括号括起来,使其显示为&#8220;&#8230;quality of life (Morrocona 1998).&#8221;&
Removing a link&
第七节 移除链接
To remove a link you have already inserted in a review, you can either delete it as you would any other text, or use the Remove Link feature.&
为了移除综述中已有的链接,你可以像删除文字一样删除链接,或者使用移除链接(Remove Link)功能。
1. In the content pane, click to place the cursor in the link to Morrocona 1998.&
1 在内容面板,把光标移动到&#8220;Morrocona ;链接中。
2. Click the Remove Link & button on the toolbar, or right-click and select Remove Link. Note that the text is no longer blue.&
2 点击工具栏上的&#8220;Remove Link&#8221;按钮,或者右击选择&#8220;&#8220;Remove Link&#8221;。注意文本不再是蓝色。
Adding multiple links automatically&
第八节 自动添加多个链接
Instead of inserting one link at a time, RevMan can create all your links automatically by searching through the text to identify studies and other references.&
除了一次添加一个链接外,通过对综述搜索辨别研究和其他参考文献,RevMan能自动创建所有你需要的链接。
1. In the content pane, select the sentence in the Description of the condition section, including the text &#8216;(Morrocona 1998)&#8217;.&
1 在内容面板,选中&#8220;Description of the condition&#8221;部分包括&#8220;(Morrocona 1998)&#8221;的句子。
2. From the Tools menu, select Find and Mark Links. The blue reference link&
has again been created.&
2 在工具(Tools)菜单,选择&#8220;Find and Mark Links&#8221;。蓝色的参考文献链接又出现了。
Note: If you do not select a section of text before using the Find and Mark Links tool, RevMan will give you the option to check the whole review. Note that this tool will only search through text that is expanded (that is, visible in the content pane). Click the & icon next to a section heading to expand and see the text.&
注意:如果在使用&#8220;Find and Mark Links&#8221;工具前,没有选择某个部分的文本,RevMan将检查整个综述。注意这个功能只搜索展开的文字部分(在内容面板中的可见部分)。点击各部分标题旁的图标可以展开文本。
PART 4 - Tables&
第四章 表格
Characteristics of included studies table
第一节 纳入研究特征表
Risk of bias table
第二节 偏倚风险表
Characteristics of excluded studies
第三节 排除研究特征表
Additional tables&
第四节 补充表
Characteristics of included studies table&
第一节 纳入研究特征表
The details of each study, such as the methods, participants, interventions and outcomes, should be described in the Characteristics of included studies table.&
在纳入研究特征表(Characteristics of included studies table),你应该描述每个研究的细节,如方法、参与者、干预和结局。
1. In the outline pane, use the key icon & to expand the Tables heading, then the Characteristics of studies heading and the Characteristics of included studies heading. You will see a list of the studies you have created.&
1 在大纲面板(outline pane),点击&#8220;Tables&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标,然后&#8220; Characteristics of studies&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标以及&#8220;Characteristics of included studies&#8221;旁边的钥匙图标。你会看到你所创建研究的列表。
2. Select the Deliciozza 2004 study.&
2 选择&#8220;Deliciozza ;研究。
3. In the content pane, you will see the same study shown. Click the & icon next to Deliciozza 2004 to show the Characteristics of included studies table.&
3 在内容面板(content pane),你会看到标题为&#8220;Deliciozza ;的同样研究。点击&#8220;Deliciozza ;旁的图标展开纳入研究特征表(Characteristics of included studies table)。
4. Type or copy and paste the following text into the characteristics table:&
4 输入或复制下面的信息到特征表中:
Risk of bias table&
第二节 偏倚风险表
Risk of bias tables are used to describe the methods used in each study, and whether the results are at risk of bias. For information on assessing this risk, see the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, available from the Help menu. &
偏倚风险表(Risk of bias table)描述每个研究使用的方法,以及结果是否有偏倚风险。获取更多有关偏倚风险的形象,参考帮助(Help)菜单下的&#8220;Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions&#8221;。
1. In the content pane, under the Characteristics of included studies table, find the Risk of bias table heading (you may need to click the & icon).&
1 在内容面板(content pane)中,纳入研究特征表(Characteristics of included studies table)下即是偏倚风险表(Risk of bias table)(你可能需要点击图标)。
2. Click the Properties & icon next to the Risk of bias table heading.&
2 点击偏倚风险表(Risk of bias table)右边的&#8220;属性(Properties)&#8221;图标。 &&
3. You will see a list of items you can select to include in a Risk of bias table. Allocation concealment has a tick symbol & next to it, indicating it is included in the table by default. Select Adequate sequence generation from the list and check the Activated box to include it in the table in your review.&
3 你会看到偏倚风险表(Risk of bias table)可用的一列标准。随机分配隐藏(Allocation concealment)旁边有个对号,表示这个标准已默认包含在偏倚风险表(Risk of bias table)中。在列表中选择&#8220;随机方法合适(Adequate sequence generation)&#8221;,选中&#8220;Activated&#8221;方框,这样就把这个标准添加到你综述中的偏倚风险表(Risk of bias table)中了。
4. For Blinding and Incomplete outcome data addressed, RevMan allows you to add separate information for each outcome or group of outcomes. To Activate these items, first you will need to add an Outcome Group.&
4 对于盲法(Blinding)和不完全的结局数据(Incomplete outcome data)中,RevMan允许你对于不同结局或不同类型的结局应用不同的标准。为了激活(Activate)这些列表,你需要添加一个结局组(Outcome Group)。
5. Select Blinding and click the Add button next to the Outcome Group list.&
5 选择盲法(Blinding),点击结局组(Outcome Group)旁边的&#8220;Add&#8221;按钮。
6. Delete the default text, &#8216;All outcomes&#8217;, and enter &#8216;Self-reported outcomes&#8217;.&
6 删除默认的文本&#8220;All outcomes&#8221;,输入&#8220;Self-reported outcomes&#8221;。
7. Click Add again and add another group called &#8216;Objective outcomes&#8217;.&
7 再次点击&#8220;Add&#8221;按钮,添加另一个结局组(Outcome Group)——&#8220;Objective outcomes&#8221;。
8. Check the Activated box.&
8 选中&#8220;Activated&#8221;方框。
9. Select Incomplete outcome data addressed and click the Add button next to the Outcome Group window.&
9 选择不完全的结局数据(Incomplete outcome data),点击结局组(Outcome Group)旁边的&#8220;Add&#8221;按钮。
10. Check the Activated box.&
10 选中&#8220;Activated&#8221;方框。
11. Activate the remaining items on the list and click OK when you are finished.&
11 激活列表中剩余的标准,全部激活后,点击&#8220;OK&#8221;。
12. In the content pane, the Risk of bias table will now include a row each the activated heading, including separate rows on blinding for each outcome. Text can now be typed directly into the table. For this tutorial, leave the table blank.&
12 在内容面板(content pane)中,偏倚风险表(Risk of bias table)包含一个个的激活标准,其中,每个结局组(Outcome Group)盲法(Blinding)分开表示。在表中可以直接输入文本。对于本例来说,暂且留空。
13. Set each of the drop-down boxes in the table to Yes, No or Unclear.&
13 在下拉框中选择Yes、No或Unclear。
Note: In the content pane, below the Characteristics of included studies and the Risk of bias tables, there is a place to add footnotes for these tables.&
注意:在内容面板(content pane)中,在纳入研究特征表(Characteristics of included studies table)和偏倚风险表(Risk of bias table)下方有空白处可以为这些表格添加脚注(footnotes)。
Characteristics of excluded studies&
第三节 排除研究特征表
Studies identified in your search that do not meet the inclusion criteria of the review may be listed under Characteristics of excluded studies, along with the reason each study was excluded. You do not need to list every study identified by your search, but it is useful to list those which might appear to readers to meet your inclusion criteria.&
检索到但不符合纳入标准的文献可以列入排除研究特征表(Characteristics of excluded studies)中,其中要包含排除理由。你不必列出所有检索出的排除研究,但是一些读者可能认为符合纳入标准(inclusion criteria)的文献最好列出。
1. In the outline pane, select Characteristics of excluded studies.&
1 在大纲面板(outline pane)中,选择&#8220;Characteristics of excluded studies&#8221;。
2. Click the Add Study & button on the outline pane toolbar and enter the new study &#8216;Horton ;. Click Next.&
2 点击大纲面板工具栏(outline pane toolbar)上的&#8220;Add Study&#8221;按钮,输入名称&#8220;Horton ;。点击下一步(Next)。
3. Select Published data only, and click Next.&
3 选择&#8220;Published data only&#8221;,点击下一步(Next)。
4. Accept &#&#8217; as }

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