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我本科在华东政法学习计算机，辅修法律，毕业后拿到了司法证、英语翻译证。后来又去上外读了英语翻译硕士，二年级毕业去美国交换。出国前考取了专利代理人资格证，又去了一家专利事务所做涉外专利代理人的实习生。现在临近毕业，犹豫再三以后还是打算在国内发展，因为这样可以用的到我考取的司法证和专利证，请问各位我应该选择哪条路？应该怎么起步呢？先谢谢各位了！
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双证需求很旺盛的， 当事人找律师的时候担心律师不会看专利，委托专利代理人的时候又担心他们法律功底不行。反正去听省院和知产局的案例分享会，别人介绍评议嘉宾的时候都会首先提到双证律师xx，简历石沉大海有可能是你简历的关键词设置的不好，或者别人暂时没有很大的需求。不过没有法学背景，律所一般会有点歧视，不过你已经过了司考，也可以先去一些有专利和诉讼都做的所，这样比较受欢迎。别担心，机会很多的。
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前途无量啊……我的目标就是双证……明年考司考和专利代理人。求交流
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做专利代理人温饱没问题 但赚不了大钱 况且入行之后会面临路越走越窄的窘迫。依你的情况，我的建议是先在国外从事法律或者与法律相关的工作，积累经验和人脉，至少混个脸熟。有了国外的积累 你的选择会很多，到时候依你自己的兴趣进行选择。单说专利方面，工作也是多种多样，代理人只是其中的一种，等你自己的眼界开阔了可以再行选择。
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感觉你要从事代理人的历程也太曲折了吧 看了你的经历 不简单 不过要进入国内牛所不容易 港专金杜永新三家 基本上都要理工科硕士博士 从事专利要求理工科牛逼 英语要求至少没有那么高&&而且很多所也不会看重翻译硕士 因为你不是来翻译的 法律也不会看重 这一行是学而优则律 只有专利做牛逼了 才有机会去做法律 不过楼主可以考虑考虑其他所 可能要求低点 最后楼主的学历背景差一个985 理工科硕士 要是有 轻轻松松找到好的工作
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学法网-手机版
感觉英语翻译行业，月入上万的也很正常呀。再多的证书，也只能干一个工作。专代，司考都是准入类，主要的优势就在于是门槛。证多了，跳槽方便些。看自己兴趣吧。感觉专代缺乏专业知识的话，光有证书做起来还是很艰难。
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前途无量啊……我的目标就是双证……明年考司考和专利代理人。求交流
但是感觉专利代理人和专利律师都差一点，前者差理工科背景，律师差律师背景，想想挺苦恼的
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做专利代理人温饱没问题 但赚不了大钱 况且入行之后会面临路越走越窄的窘迫。依你的情况，我的建议是先在国 ...
谢谢！ 我在国外从事的行业和专利/法律没关系，从事的是翻译和本地化工程师，感觉这是两条完全不同的路。所以现在挺纠结
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感觉英语翻译行业，月入上万的也很正常呀。再多的证书，也只能干一个工作。专代，司考都是准入类，主要的优 ...
是的，虽然刚刚入行工资高，但是做英语翻译没什么升职潜力。我看重的就是专代和司考的高门槛，可惜自己的学历背景不够硬。
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感觉你要从事代理人的历程也太曲折了吧 看了你的经历 不简单 不过要进入国内牛所不容易 港专金杜永新三家&&...
是的，我一直在考虑以后的从业方向，以前想过来美国读法律或者在国内读法律/理工科的研究生，但后来又放弃了。
现在我面临留在美国或者回国发展的选择，我发现国内的专利律师都要求法律本科（硕士），这个是我比较缺的地方。
但是我现在已经有2个英语翻译的硕士文凭了，现在就在纠结应该从事什么行业了。
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听取了大家的意见，都劝我不要入专利的坑。。唉
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等着拿资格证
我未来是一名著名学者型律师，我发誓
准备脱产法考，马上要辞职啦，想请问各位大
求助学习效率奇低！！基本学不动
关于听音频的软件和民法资料
关于夫妻婚内财产约定的问题
向高甲好还是左宁好？
都三月了，领证的消息一点都没。
复习的时候每一科都要看书吗？有的人说民法刑法和几个分数多的科
【干货贴】大神手把手教你如何整理笔记？
今天第一天到律所，感觉空落落的，很有失败感。
法考学习全面进入攻坚期和深水区！
请教除了去律所实习和公务员还有其它参加法律工作的途径？
考试资料的获取方式
马上就要办理实习了，公告是3月22日开始
Copyright &出国出国有关出国的一切都在这里关注专栏更多CATTI（人事部翻译考试）{&debug&:false,&apiRoot&:&&,&paySDK&:&https:\u002F\u002Fpay.zhihu.com\u002Fapi\u002Fjs&,&wechatConfigAPI&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fwechat\u002Fjssdkconfig&,&name&:&production&,&instance&:&column&,&tokens&:{&X-XSRF-TOKEN&:null,&X-UDID&:null,&Authorization&:&oauth c3cef7c66aa9e6a1e3160e20&}}{&database&:{&Post&:{&&:{&title&:&一帖看完百部双语纪录片&,&author&:&iqlake&,&content&:&\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cb\u003E点击对应文字即可跳转B站观看 - 都是我个人比较喜欢的\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fblockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav1526358\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E低地国家（荷兰，比利时，卢森堡）的高品质艺术 - 原声中字\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E未知之旅 - 中英双字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav7655204\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E丹麦\u003C\u002Fa\u003E、\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2984300\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E西班牙、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav3366136\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E苏格兰、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav3470745\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E土耳其、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4748921\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E旧金山、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5351961\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E芝加哥、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav7850882\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E密西西比、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4863108\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E新泽西、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5556013\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E新墨西哥、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav6686490\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E蒙大拿、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5674534\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E新西兰、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5542390\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E哥伦比亚、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4761332\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E古巴、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5495425\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E巴西、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8170818\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E日本、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav3175604\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E印度、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav7490404\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E缅甸、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav7512737\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E马达加斯加、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4466884\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E南非、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5512890\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E刚果\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E列国图志 - 原声中字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8434059\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E意大利\u003C\u002Fa\u003E、\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8369088\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E墨西哥、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8383118\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E巴西、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8404469\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E埃及\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E人文地图 - 原声中字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav3989590\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E俄罗斯、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav3982721\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E法国、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav464948\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E日本\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2669625\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E意大利美食 - 中英双字\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2443062\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E冰岛风情 - 原声中字\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav401803\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E环球厕所之旅 - 中英双字\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5670199\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E伊顿公学 - 中英双字\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E书谜系列 - 原声中字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4869854\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E六位作家（狄更斯 莎士比亚 弗吉尼亚伍尔夫 马比诺吉昂 夏洛特勃朗特 玛丽雪莱）、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4839314\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E六部作品（仙后 猫头鹰和猫 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 瘾君子的自白 罗西与苹果酒 燕子号与亚马逊号）、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5915560\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E儿童文学\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E英国皇室 - 中英双字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav1841236\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E理查三世、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4998036\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E亨利七世\u003C\u002Fa\u003E、\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav935937\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E简\u002F玛丽\u002F伊丽莎白、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav932309\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E伊莎贝拉\u002F玛格丽特、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav930561\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E玛蒂尔达\u002F埃莉诺、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2436385\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E亨利八世、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav1710084\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E一战国王·上、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav1763618\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E一战国王·下\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5002249\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E俄罗斯末代沙皇 - 生肉\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E圣人系列 - 生肉：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5072714\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E尼采\u003C\u002Fa\u003E、\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5154585\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E弗洛伊德、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2982896\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E苏格拉底\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E怪咖系列 - 中英双字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5529356\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E凯恩斯\u002F哈耶克\u002F马克思、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav3158791\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E托尔斯泰、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5914879\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E计算机伯爵夫人、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2816319\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E20世纪的爱情\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4239568\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E人体大揭秘 - 中英双字\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5917462\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E如何提高记忆 - 中英双字\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E地平线 - 中英双字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2949829\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E人从哪里来、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav1450731\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E潜意识、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2039259\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E死刑、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav416976\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E宇宙有多大、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2Findex_2.html\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E宇宙有多小、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2880972\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E暗物质、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav1449587\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E黑洞、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav801314\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E低温疗法、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2882352\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E如何饮酒、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2293519\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E糖脂大作战、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4899613\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E为什么胖、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2883033\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E强迫症、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav659905\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E性格的真相\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E霍金 - 中英双字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4585711\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E宇宙起源、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav191255\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E时间旅行、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav188406\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E外星人\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E世界掠影 - 中英双字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2300143\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E生存、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2302111\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E帝国、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2303928\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E文字与刀剑、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2304342\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E光明、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2309153\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E掠夺\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2313850\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E、大革命、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2316877\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E工业化\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E设计 - 原声中字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9404910\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E字体、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9406703\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E照片、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9086947\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E舞蹈、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9678422\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E封面、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8998576\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E鞋、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9591910\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E家居、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9257920\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E汽车、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9230009\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E建筑\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E铁路 - 原声中字\u003C\u002Fb\u003E：\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9340094\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E伊利诺伊、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav9211716\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E芝加哥、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8935389\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E威斯康星\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8682904\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E、圣达菲、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8649086\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E科罗拉多、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8588924\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E西部、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8524861\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E大平原、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8434708\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E密苏里\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E英语起源 - 中英双字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav464080\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E1、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav465957\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E2、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav468941\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E3、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav473665\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E4、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav476864\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E5、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav492961\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E6、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav495555\& class=\& wrap external\& target=\&_blank\& rel=\&nofollow noreferrer\&\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E&,&updated&:new Date(&T02:52:28.000Z&),&canComment&:false,&commentPermission&:&review&,&commentCount&:0,&likeCount&:86,&state&:&published&,&isLiked&:false,&slug&:&&,&isTitleImageFullScreen&:false,&rating&:&none&,&titleImage&:&https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-c6baff57e99_r.jpg&,&links&:{&comments&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fposts\u002F2Fcomments&},&topics&:[{&url&:&https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhihu.com\u002Ftopic\u002F&,&id&:&&,&name&:&翻译&},{&url&:&https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhihu.com\u002Ftopic\u002F&,&id&:&&,&name&:&翻译硕士&},{&url&:&https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhihu.com\u002Ftopic\u002F&,&id&:&&,&name&:&CATTI（人事部翻译考试）&}],&adminClosedComment&:false,&href&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fposts\u002F&,&excerptTitle&:&&,&column&:{&slug&:&iqlake&,&name&:&出国&},&sourceUrl&:&&,&pageCommentsCount&:0,&snapshotUrl&:&&,&publishedTime&:&T10:52:28+08:00&,&url&:&\u002Fp\u002F&,&summary&:&\u003Cb\u003E点击对应文字即可跳转B站观看 - 都是我个人比较喜欢的\u003C\u002Fb\u003E \u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav1526358\&\u003E低地国家（荷兰，比利时，卢森堡）的高品质艺术 - 原声中字\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cb\u003E未知之旅 - 中英双字：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav7655204\&\u003E丹麦\u003C\u002Fa\u003E、\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav2984300\&\u003E西班牙、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav3366136\&\u003E苏格兰、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav3470745\&\u003E土耳其、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4748921\&\u003E旧金山、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5351961\&\u003E芝加哥、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav7850882\&\u003E密西西比、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4863108\&\u003E新泽西、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5556013\&\u003E新墨西哥、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav6686490\&\u003E蒙大拿、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5674534\&\u003E新西兰、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5542390\&\u003E哥伦比亚、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav4761332\&\u003E古巴、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav5495425\&\u003E巴西、\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\&http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bilibili.com\u002Fvideo\u002Fav8170818\&\u003E…\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&,&reviewingCommentsCount&:0,&meta&:{&previous&:null,&next&:null},&commentsCount&:0,&likesCount&:86},&&:{&title&:&经济学人官译：缺失的中产阶级&,&author&:&iqlake&,&content&:&\u003Cp\u003EIndia’s economy\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe missing middle class\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is a hole where India’s middle class should be. That should worry the government and companies\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E印度经济\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E缺失的中产阶级\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E在印度，该出现中产阶级的地方却是一片空白。政府和企业应对此感到担忧\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAFTER China, where next? Over the past two decades, the world’s most populous country has become the market \u003Ci\u003Equa non\u003C\u002Fi\u003E of just about every global company seeking growth. As its economy slows, businesses are looking for the next set of consumers to keep the tills ringing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E继中国之后，下一片热土在哪里？过去20年来，几乎对所有寻求增长的全球企业来说，这个全球人口最多的国家都是一个不可或缺的市场。随着中国经济放缓，企业纷纷另觅消费者大军，好让自己继续有钱可赚。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo many, India feels like the heir apparent. Its population will soon overtake its Asian rival’s. It occasionally grows at the kind of pace that propelled China to the status of economic superpower. And its middle class is thought by many to be in the early stages of the journey to prosperity that created hundreds of millions of Chinese consumers. Exuberant management consultants speak of a 300m-400m horde of potential frapuccino-sippers, Fiesta-drivers and globe-trotters. Rare is the chief executive who, upon visiting India, does not proclaim it as central to his or her plans. Some of that may be a diploma much of it, from firms such as IKEA, SoftBank, Amazon and Starbucks, is sincerely meant.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E很多人觉得印度是显而易见的接班人。该国人口很快将超过它在亚洲的对手——中国。中国在高速发展下取得了经济强国的地位，而印度偶尔也能达到类似的增长速度。中国的繁荣催生出数亿消费者，很多人认为印度的中产阶级也已从通往繁荣的路上起步。欢欣鼓舞的管理顾问认为可能会出现一个喝星冰乐、开福特嘉年华、周游全球的庞大群体，人数足有三到四亿。那些踏足印度的CEO无不宣称这个国家对于自己的计划至关重要。有些也许只是在圆滑地奉承，但包括宜家、软银、亚马逊和星巴克在内的大多数公司却是发自内心地这样认为。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHold your elephants. The Indian middle class conjured up by the marketers and consultants scarcely exists. Firms peddling anything much beyond soap, matches and phone-credit are targeting a minuscule slice of the population. The top 1% of Indian adults, a rich enclave of 8m inhabitants making at least $20,000 a year, equates to roughly Hong Kong in terms of population and average income. The next 9% is akin to central Europe, in the middle of the global wealth pack. The next 40% of India’s population neatly mirrors its combined South Asian poor neighbours, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The remaining half-billion or so are on a par with the most destitute bits of Africa. To be sure, global companies take the markets of central Europe seriously. Plenty of fortunes have been made there. But they are no China.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E且先打住。令生意人和顾问们想入非非的印度中产阶级几乎并不存在。如果企业兜售的产品档次远高于肥皂、火柴、话费之类，面向的就只是全国人口中极小的一部分。印度成年人中最富有的1%人数有八百万，年收入至少为两万美元，以人口和平均收入来看，大致相当于香港。接下来的9%与欧洲中部接近，在全球财富阶梯中处于中游。再往下，占印度人口40%的群体正好相当于其贫穷的邻国孟加拉和巴基斯坦的组合。最后剩下的约五亿人处境与非洲部分最贫困的地区接近。当然，那些全球企业还是比较重视欧洲中部市场的，也从那里获得了不少财富。但那里毕竟不是中国。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECentre parting\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E两极分化\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EWorse, the chances of India developing a middle class to match the Middle Kingdom’s are being throttled by growing inequality. The top 1% of earners pocketed nearly a third of all the extra income generated by economic growth between 1980 and 2014, according to new research from economists including Thomas Piketty. The well-off are ten times richer now than in 1980; those at the median have not even doubled their income. India has done a good job at getting those earning below $2 a day (at purchasing-power parity) to $3, but it has not matched other countries’ records in getting those on $3 a day to earning $5, those at $5 a day to $10, and so on. Middle earners in countries at India’s stage of development usually take more of the gains from growth. Eight in ten Indians cite inequality as a big problem, on a par with corruption.\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp\u003E更糟糕的是，由于不平等愈演愈烈，印度若要形成一个可匹敌中国中产阶级的阶层，可能性微乎其微。托马斯·皮凯蒂等经济学家开展的新研究表明，1980年至2014年印度经济增长推高了收入水平，但收入居前1%的人几乎攫取了收入增长部分的三分之一。富裕阶层如今的富足程度是1980年时的十倍，而中等收入群体的收入甚至都没能翻番。印度成功地令一些人的日薪从不到两美元（按购买力平价计算）升至三美元，表现出色；但还是不能和其他国家的成绩相比：它们令日薪三美元的人一天赚进五美元，日薪五美元的每天赚进十美元，以此类推。当其他国家处于印度今日的发展阶段时，其中等收入人群往往是经济增长的最大受益者。八成印度人认为不平等是个大问题，严峻程度与腐败不相上下。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe reasons for this failure are not mysterious. Decades of statist intervention meant that when a measure of liberalisation came in the early 1990s, only a few were able to benefit. The workforce is woefully unproductive—no surprise given the abysmal state of India’s education system, which churns out millions of adults equipped only for menial work. Its graduates go on to toil in small or micro-enterprises,
these “employ” 93% of all Indians. The great swell of middle-class jobs that China created as it became the workshop to the world is not to be found in India, because turning small businesses into productive large ones is made nigh-on impossible by bureaucracy. The fact that barely a quarter of women work—a share that has seen a precipitous decline in the past decade—only makes matters worse.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E失败的缘由并不难理解。上世纪90年代初印度实施了一定程度的经济自由化，但由于持续数十年的国家干预，只有少数人获益。印度劳动力的生产率极其低下，考虑到该国糟糕透顶的教育体系，也就不意外了。这一教育体系培养出的数百万成年人只能胜任低技术的枯燥工作。毕业生走出校门后也是在游离于正规经济之外的小微企业里辛苦工作，这样的企业“雇用”了93%的印度人口。中国成为“世界工厂”后，适合中产阶级的就业机会大增，但在印度却不会出现这种情形，原因是其官僚体制令小企业几乎不可能转变为高效的大型企业。加上只有将近四分之一的女性参与劳动——过去十年来这一比例还急剧下滑——只会使局面恶化。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGood policy can do an enormous amount to improve prospects. However, hope should be tempered by realism. India is blessed with a deeply entrenched democratic system, but that is no shield against poor decisions. The sudden and brutal “demonetisation” of the economy in 2016 was meant to target fat cats, but ended up hurting everybody. And the path to prosperity walked by China, where manufacturing produced the jobs that pushed up incomes, is narrowing as automation limits opportunities for factory work.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E要改善前景，好的政策可以发挥巨大的作用。不过怀有希望的同时也应面对现实。在印度，民主制度深入人心，但这并不能避免决策失误。2016年突然而猛烈的“纸币废止”行动本意是想打击富人和贪官，结果却伤害了所有人。而且由于自动化限制了人们进工厂做工的机会，曾引领中国走向繁荣的途径——制造业创造就业从而推高收入——也越来越难以走通。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAll of which means that companies need to deal with the India that exists today rather than the one they wish to emerge. A strategy of waiting for Indians to develop a taste for products that the global middle class indulges in—cars as income per head crosses one threshold, foreign holidays when it crosses the next—may lead to decades of frustration. Only 3% of Indians have ever
only one in 45 owns a car or lorry. If nearly 300m Indians count as “middle class”, as HSBC has proclaimed, some of them make around $3 a day.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E以上种种表明，企业需要应对的是今时今日的印度，而不是它们希望出现的印度。如果它们的策略是等待印度人喜欢上全球各地中产阶级享受的事物，那它们可能要苦苦等上几十年——等印度人的人均收入跨上一个台阶后喜欢上汽车，再跨上一个台阶后喜欢上出国度假。只有3%的印度人曾经坐过飞机，每45个人中只有一人拥有一辆汽车或卡车。如果真如汇丰银行宣称的那样，将近三亿印度人都算得上是“中产阶级”，那他们当中的某些人一天大概只赚三美元。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBig market, smaller opportunities\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E市场广阔，机会缩小\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ECompanies would do better to “Indianise” their business by, for example, peddling wares using regional languages preferred by hundreds of millions of Indians. Pricing matters. Services proffered at the same price in India as Indiana will appeal to mere millions, not a billion. Even for someone in the top 10% of Indian earners, an annual Netflix subscription can cost over a week’ the equivalent in America would be around $3,000. Apple ads may plaster Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore, but for only one in ten Indians would the latest iPhone represent less than half a year’s salary. The biggest consumer hits in India have been goods and services that offer stonking value: scooters and mobile telephony have grown fast, but only after prices tumbled.\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp\u003E各家公司如果能将自身业务“印度化”，会更有成效，比如在推销商品时使用几亿印度人都乐于接受的地方语言。定价也很重要。一项服务在印度的价格如果和在美国印第安纳州一样，就只能吸引几百万人，而不是十亿人。就算对一个收入位居本国前10%的印度人来说，Netflix一年的订阅费也比他一周的薪水还要高。而收入水平居本国前10%的美国人的周薪大约是3000美元。虽然孟买、德里和班加罗尔各处都张贴着苹果的广告，但对九成印度人而言，最新款iPhone的售价要超过他们半年的工资。在印度，最受消费者欢迎的还是物超所值的商品和服务：电瓶车和移动电话服务增长迅速，但都只在大幅降价后才发生。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe sharpest businesses work out which “enablers” will allow Indians to gain access to new goods. Electrification drives demand for fridges. Cheap mobile data (India is in the midst of a data-price war that has hugely benefited consumers) are a boon to streaming services. Logistics networks put together by e-commerce giants are for the first time making it possible for a consumer in a third-tier city to buy global fashion brands. A surge in consumer financing has put desirable baubles within reach of more Indians.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E那些最敏锐的企业会设法摸清哪些“促成因素”会让印度人去使用新产品。电气化会推高对电冰箱的需求。廉价的移动数据（印度正在开展的数字价格战令消费者大为受益）对流媒体服务来说是一大利好。电商巨头组建起的物流网络也首次让三线城市的消费者买到了国际时尚品牌。消费信贷激增让更多印度人很容易就能买到心仪的小玩意。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInsofar as it is the job of politicians to create a consumer class, successive Indian governments have largely failed. Businesses hoping the Indian middle class will provide their next spurt of growth should be under no illusion. Companies will have to work very hard to turn potential into profits.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E如果说创造出一个消费者阶层在某种程度上是政客的任务，那么一届又一届的印度政府总体上都很失败。那些希望印度中产阶级能为自己带来下一轮增长的企业应该抛弃幻想。它们需要十分努力才能把潜在可能性转化为利润。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E&,&updated&:new Date(&T10:17:52.000Z&),&canComment&:false,&commentPermission&:&review&,&commentCount&:0,&likeCount&:8,&state&:&published&,&isLiked&:false,&slug&:&&,&isTitleImageFullScreen&:false,&rating&:&none&,&sourceUrl&:&&,&publishedTime&:&T18:17:52+08:00&,&links&:{&comments&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fposts\u002F2Fcomments&},&url&:&\u002Fp\u002F&,&titleImage&:&https:\u002F\u002Fpic2.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-323df985edcbe32_r.jpg&,&summary&:&&,&href&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fposts\u002F&,&meta&:{&previous&:null,&next&:null},&snapshotUrl&:&&,&commentsCount&:0,&likesCount&:8},&&:{&title&:&双语：远离十种隐形微塑料&,&author&:&iqlake&,&content&:&\u003Ch2\u003ETen ‘stealth microplastics’ to avoid\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETheresa May’s new environment plan sets ambitious goals for plastic waste reduction. But there’s lots of room for slippage. One goal is to eradicate all “avoidable” plastic waste, though it’s not clear how “avoidable” will be defined. A few concrete measures are now in place, such as the five pence plastic bag charge being extended to cover all businesses in England. And, in order to tackle the spread of tiny plastic particles, the UK government recently announced a ban on microbeads in personal care products. 特丽莎·梅政府近日出台新的环境计划，制定了有关降低塑料污染的雄心勃勃的目标。不过，这些目标很有可能无法实现。政府提出的其中一个目标就是消灭一切“可以避免”的塑料污染，但是并未明确给出“可以避免”的定义。目前，政府已经推出了若干具体措施，例如，每个塑料袋收费5便士的规定从大型超商推广至所有商业企业。此外，为了解决塑料微粒扩散的问题，政府近期宣布禁止在个人护理产品中使用微珠。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut such measures, even if adopted worldwide, wouldn’t actually wipe out these “microplastics” in the environment. 但此类措施即便在全球范围内推广也无法根除环境中“微塑料”的问题。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe problem is that all plastic ends up tiny. And it persists, no matter what its size. In the ocean, even the largest and most resilient bits of plastic are broken up and degraded by the waves and sunlight until eventually these chunks measure less than five millimetres across – about the size of an ant – and they are classed as “secondary microplastics”. This type of plastic, that started out as drinks bottles, fishing gear, disposable cutlery and so on, is much more abundant than “primary microplastics” that started out small, such as the microbeads found in toothpaste. 问题在于，所有的塑料最终都会变成虽然微小但却十分顽固的颗粒。在海洋中，即便是块头最大、强度最高的塑料最终也会在海浪和阳光的作用下被打碎、分解，直至最终变成直径不超过5毫米（大约蚂蚁那么大）的小颗粒，这些颗粒被称为“二次微塑料”。这种由饮料瓶、渔具、一次性餐具等用品转化而来的塑料比牙膏中含有的原本就体型微小的“初级微塑料”要多得多。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMicrobeads are among the most familiar sources of tiny plastic pollution, but this means there are other less obvious sources of microplastics in everyday use. We call them “stealth microplastics”, and they include: 微珠是最常见的塑料微粒污染来源之一，但是，我们日常生活中还存在其他不那么起眼的微塑料污染源，我们称之为“隐藏的微塑料”，其中包括：\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Chr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E1. Tyres\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E1. 轮胎\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETyres are made from rubber and around 60％ plastic (styrene butadiene). The friction, pressure and heat of driving wears tyres down so much they produce an estimated average of 63,000 tonnes per year of plastic dust in the UK alone. If blown into the atmosphere, that dust can contribute to the poor air quality identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a cause of premature deaths. 轮胎由橡胶和大约60％的塑料（苯乙烯丁二烯）制成。车辆行驶过程中的摩擦、压力和热量所导致的轮胎磨损仅在英国就每年产生大约6.3万吨的塑料粉尘。这些塑料粉尘如进入大气，可以导致空气质量恶化，世界卫生组织（WHO）认为这是导致早亡的原因之一。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf it is washed into drains, rivers and oceans, it is likely to be eaten by filter feeders such as mussels, entering the human food chain. The industry could move back to natural latex, derived from rubber trees, but this too would have environmental costs: expanding rubber plantations are already “catastrophic” for endangered species in Southeast Asia. 如果塑料粉尘被水冲入下水道、河流和海洋，则可能会被贻贝等滤食动物摄入，从而进入人类的食物链。轮胎行业可以改用从橡胶树中提取的天然乳胶，但这同样会造成环境代价：扩大橡胶种植面积已经给东南亚地区的濒危生物带来了“灭顶之灾”。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E2. Synthetic clothing\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E2. 人工合成衣物\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOutdoor gear, leggings, fleeces and jumpers made from acrylic and polyester, polyamide, spandex and nylon shed up to 700,000 microfibres with each wash. Once in water, microfibres are difficult to filter out and studies have shown that these fibres are now being found in tap water in many countries. 用丙烯酸塑料、聚酯、聚酰胺和氨纶纤维等材料制成的户外装备、裹腿、卫衣和套衫每次洗涤都会散落大约70万根微纤维。微纤维一旦进入水中就极难滤出，并且研究表明，很多国家的自来水中已经发现了此类纤维。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the United States, 94％ of samples tested contained fibres. Airborne, from friction or dryer lint, they settle as dust that can be inhaled and it is thought that toxins from the fibres can be absorbed through the lungs. In the environment they are eaten by fish and other animals, often in preference to food. The solution? Fitting all washing machines with filters and choosing natural fibres. 在美国，94％的自来水检测样本中含有纤维。因摩擦或者烘干脱落的纤维随空气传播，成为一种可吸入的粉尘，并且纤维中含有的毒性物质据信可以通过肺部吸收进入人体。在自然环境中，纤维被鱼类和其他动物摄入，并且通常优先于食物进入动物自身系统。如何解决？在所有洗衣机中安装滤网，并选择使用天然纤维。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E3. Tennis balls\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E3. 网球\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETheir fuzzy outer layer is made from PET (polyethylene terephthalate), the same material that’s used to make plastic milk bottles. Just like tyres, this plastic gets worn away with use, becoming dust. 网球毛茸茸的表层由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）制成，这种材料还被用来制作塑料奶瓶。与轮胎同理，这种塑料在使用过程中会磨损，变成粉尘。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E4. Laundry and dishwasher pods\u002Ftablets\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E4. 洗衣和洗碗凝珠\u002F药片\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAll kinds of detergents and disinfectants with scrubbing agents have microplastics such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). These are the same beads banned in cosmetics. It would be better to use a natural material such as ground coconut shell. 各种含有清洁成分的洗涤剂和消毒剂都包含聚乙烯（PE）或者聚丙烯（PP）等微塑料。此类物质与化妆品中禁用的微珠是同一种物质。更好的方式是使用磨碎的椰子壳等天然材料。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E5. Cigarette butts\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E5. 烟蒂\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFilters are made from cellulose acetate, a non-biodegradeable plastic. They can shed microfibers and, once used, give off high levels of toxins, including nicotine. Cigarette butts are a serious pollutant in the oceans and are the most commonly recovered item in beach cleanups. 香烟过滤嘴由醋酸纤维素制成，这是一种不可生物降解的塑料。过滤嘴中的纤维可能脱落，并且一旦使用过就会释放包括尼古丁在内的大量有毒物质。烟蒂是最严重的海洋污染物，也是清理海滩时最常见的垃圾。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E6. Glitter\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E6. 发光亮片\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeloved of kindergarten craft teachers, most glitter is made from PET or polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) and is very hard to dispose of. You could instead get biodegradable cellulose film glitter, made from eucalyptus trees. 装饰亮片深受幼儿园手工课老师的喜爱，但大多数亮片都是由PET或者聚氯乙烯薄膜（PVC）制成的，极难处理。可以用桉树制成的可生物降解的纤维素薄膜亮片替代。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E7. Wet wipes\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E7. 湿巾\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBaby wipes, hand wipes, make-up removing wipes, all of these products are typically made from polyester, polyethylene, and polypropylene – or a mixture of those plastics and natural fibres. Not only do they block sewers and cause “fatbergs”, the plastic doesn’t break down. They are also a source of plastic fibres. A traditional all-cotton flannel is the eco-friendly choice. 婴儿湿巾、擦手湿巾以及卸妆湿巾等产品一般都是由聚酯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯（或者是这些塑料和天然纤维的混合物）制成。它们不仅会堵塞下水道，造成地沟油块，而且其中的塑料不会溶解。它们还会释放塑料纤维。传统的全棉毛巾才是环保的选择。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E8. Tea bags\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E8. 茶包\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENot entirely biodegradable, many teabags actually contain a polypropylene “skeleton”. That skeleton then breaks into tiny pieces when the paper breaks down in the compost or soil. Ask the manufacturer if your brew is plastic-free or switch to loose-leaf tea. 很多茶包不是可以完全生物降解的，而是含有一个聚丙烯“骨架”。茶包中的纸在堆肥或者土壤中降解之后，这些聚丙烯骨架会碎成小块。购买时应该向生产商询问茶包是否不含塑料，否则应该改用散茶叶。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E9. Paint\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E9. 油漆\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPlastic dust from the thermoplastic paints used for road markings, ships and houses is found across the surface of the oceans. But not all paints contain plastics. Look for paints that use linseed oil or latex as binders. 海洋表面布满了道路施划、船舶涂料和房屋涂色用的热塑油漆所产生的塑料粉尘。但不是所有的油漆都含有塑料。请使用以亚麻籽油或者乳胶作为粘合剂的油漆。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E10. Takeaway cups\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E10. 外卖饮料杯\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPaper takeaway cups are lined with a layer of polyethylene. Like teabags, the paper element breaks down, but the plastic breaks up into tiny pieces if the cup is littered or composted. Mixed materials need to be handled by a specialist recycling facility. Or you could bring a refillable mug. 外卖饮料纸杯表面涂有一层聚乙烯。跟茶包一样，如果纸杯被丢弃或者填埋，在纸降解之后，塑料会碎成小颗粒。这种混合材料需经专业回收设施处理，否则，您最好自己携带可重复使用的杯子。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf we want to have a real impact, we need to address all plastic waste: that which we see and a lot that we can’t. There are some plastics we cannot live without, but others we could easily reject, replace or at least reduce. 我们如果想切实改变现状，就需要解决各种塑料垃圾的问题：既要解决我们看得见的塑料垃圾，也要应对很多我们看不见的塑料垃圾。有一些塑料产品是我们生活中不可或缺的，但也有很多塑料产品我们可以轻易弃用、替代或减少使用。 \u003C\u002Fp\u003E&,&updated&:new Date(&T00:45:42.000Z&),&canComment&:false,&commentPermission&:&review&,&commentCount&:0,&likeCount&:0,&state&:&published&,&isLiked&:false,&slug&:&&,&isTitleImageFullScreen&:false,&rating&:&none&,&sourceUrl&:&&,&publishedTime&:&T08:45:42+08:00&,&links&:{&comments&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fposts\u002F2Fcomments&},&url&:&\u002Fp\u002F&,&titleImage&:&https:\u002F\u002Fpic2.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-d4c42e87d879bb620d9c829dac85559b_r.jpg&,&summary&:&&,&href&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fposts\u002F&,&meta&:{&previous&:null,&next&:null},&snapshotUrl&:&&,&commentsCount&:0,&likesCount&:0},&&:{&title&:&双语：德国工会赢得28小时工作周权利&,&author&:&iqlake&,&content&:&\u003Ch2\u003EGerman union wins 28-hour week amid doubts over Berlin’s economic mastery\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGerman workers won a key victory in their fight for a better work-life balance when a big employers’ group agreed to demands from the country’s largest trade union for the introduction of a 28-hour working week.德国工人在争取更好的工作与生活平衡方面取得一项关键胜利，一个大型雇主组织同意了该国最大工会提出的关于允许28小时工作周的要求。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe agreement between IG Metall, which represents a swath of industrial workers, and the Südwestmetall employers’ federation, shows how unions in Germany that for years have been models of wage restraint are flexing their muscles in ways more typical of organised labour in France, home of the 35-hour working week.代表多个产业工人的德国金属业工会(IG Metall)与西南金属电气雇主协会(Südwestmetall)达成的协议，显示了多年来在工资要求上一直是克制典范的德国工会，正以更像法国工会组织的方式展示自己的力量。法国实行35小时工作周。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\&v2-50836fde0ac803a5fb58.jpg\& data-caption=\&\& data-size=\&normal\& data-rawwidth=\&640\& data-rawheight=\&427\&\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt also comes as Germany is in the midst of its longest postwar stretch without a government. Angela Merkel is struggling through a fifth month of coalition negotiations that have raised questions over whether a country that once lectured Europe on economic and political stability is losing its way.这份劳资协议达成之际，德国正处于战后最漫长的无政府时期。安格拉o默克尔(Angela Merkel)正艰难推进已进入第五个月的执政联盟谈判，由此引发的问题是：曾经在经济和政治稳定上给欧洲其他国家上课的德国，是否正在迷失方向？\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe labour deal is a product of a boom that has given unions an unusually strong hand in collective bargaining. The economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2011 and unemployment is at its lowest since reunification in 1990.这份劳资协议是当前繁荣的产物，此轮繁荣使工会在集体谈判中掌握异乎寻常的好牌。去年德国经济增速是自2011年以来最快的，而失业率处于自1990年统一以来的最低点。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStefan Wolf, Südwestmetall’s chief negotiator , warned the deal was a “burden, which will be hard to bear for many firms”.西南金属电气雇主协会的首席谈判代表斯特凡o沃尔夫(Stefan Wolf)警告说，该劳资协议是一个“负担，将让很多公司难以承受”。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe settlement was reached yesterday after six rounds of often bruising talks and a series of 24-hour strikes. The two-year deal covers 900,000 workers in the metals and electrical industries in Baden-Württemberg, home to several of the most high-profile German groups, including Daimler and Bosch.协议于昨日达成，此前劳资双方进行了六轮艰苦谈判，工会还组织了一连串24小时罢工。为期两年的协议涵盖巴登-符腾堡州(Baden-Württemberg)金属和电气行业的90万名工人。戴姆勒(Daimler)和博世(Bosch)等多家知名德国集团都以该州为大本营。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E但金属业工会达成的协议被视为整个德国工业的基准，预计该协议将被其他行业参照。But IG Metall’s agreements are seen as benchmarks for the whole of German industry, and it is now expected to be rolled out in other sectors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E双方同意从4月起加薪4.3%，其他款项将在27个月期间陆续支付。工人们将被允许把工作周从标准的35小时缩短到28小时，同时保留重返全职工作的权利。雇主成功地抵制了金属业工会对于每周工作时间减少后、让工人获得相同或相似薪资的要求。The parties agreed on a 4.3 per cent wage raise from April, and other payments spread over 27 months. Workers will be allowed to reduce their working week from the standard 35 hours to 28 while preserving the right to return to full-time work. Employers successfully resisted IG Metall’s demand that workers receive the same, or similar, pay for fewer hours worked a week.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E&,&updated&:new Date(&T11:07:02.000Z&),&canComment&:false,&commentPermission&:&review&,&commentCount&:0,&likeCount&:3,&state&:&published&,&isLiked&:false,&slug&:&&,&isTitleImageFullScreen&:false,&rating&:&none&,&sourceUrl&:&&,&publishedTime&:&T19:07:02+08:00&,&links&:{&comments&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fposts\u002F2Fcomments&},&url&:&\u002Fp\u002F&,&titleImage&:&&,&summary&:&&,&href&:&\u002Fapi\u002Fposts\u002F&,&meta&:{&previous&:null,&next&:null},&snapshotUrl&:&&,&commentsCount&:0,&likesCount&:3},&&:{&title&:&双语：机器学习创造新岗位也带来新问题&,&author&:&iqlake&,&content&:&\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EHow machine learning creates new professions — and problems\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is not often that a new profession springs up almost overnight.一个新的职业几乎在一夜之间就冒出来并不常见。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EIt is also unusual for many of the people who find their way into this new field to do it without the formal training provided by the normal institutions of higher education.而许多设法进入这一新领域工作的人并没有在正规高等教育机构接受过相关正规培训，这种情况也不太常见。\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\&v2-3bb97f748cd0ad9d1ecf871fdf03f4b0.jpg\& data-caption=\&\& data-size=\&normal\& data-rawwidth=\&640\& data-rawheight=\&427\&\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMachine learning, as well as the allied field of data science, is developing in a way that looks unlike most other professional career paths that preceded it. It represents both one of the most promising employment opportunities of the next few years and a model for how people entering the workforce today adapt to changes in employment demands in future.在机器学习(machine learning)以及相关的数据科学领域，职业发展之路与以往其他多数职业的发展路径大相径庭。它代表的不仅是未来几年最有前途的就业机会之一，而且是今天进入职场的人如何适应未来就业需求发展的一种模式。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe term is given to the marriage of statistics and computer science that has been revolutionising the field of artificial intelligence. It depends on both a new class of learning algorithms that improve over time, as well as the availability of large bodies of data to train the systems.机器学习指的是将统计学和计算机科学相结合的一项技术，它已经使人工智能领域发生了革命性变化。机器学习依赖于随时间不断改进的一类新的学习算法，以及用于对系统进行培训的大量数据的供应。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany organisations have invested in the IT infrastructure needed to amass “big data”, often breaking down internal silos to pool them in more centralised data stores. The need to make more use of that asset has created a sudden demand for specialists, far outstripping the output of traditional computer science courses.许多机构已经对汇集“大数据”所需的IT基础设施进行了投资，一般是打破内部各自为战的格局，对数据采取更加集中化的存储。更加充分利用这些资产的需求导致对专业人才的需求井喷，远远超出了传统计算机科学专业所培养的人才数量。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is not a discipline open only to computer scientists. As a field that revolves around the collection, collation and analysis of data, it spans several fields. Maths, statistics and programming all play a part.机器学习并非只向计算机科学家开放。作为一个以数据收集、整理和分析为核心的学科，机器学习横跨了多个专业领域，数学、统计学和编程都是其中的一部分。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany non-specialist executives will also find themselves in need of more than a passing familiarity with the field, as they interact with machine learning experts on the front lines of business.许多非专家型高管也会发现，对这一领域略知一二已经远远不够了，因为他们需要与业务一线的机器学习专家进行互动。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is no single job description that encompasses this emerging field. Many people who have traditionally been called “data analysts” aspire these days to the title of “data scientist”, says Anthony Goldbloom, founder and chief executive of Kaggle. His company, which was acquired this year by Google, maintains an informal network of experts around the world. He adds that data scientists, in turn, aspire to become machine learning experts.没有一个职位描述能够完全涵盖这个新兴领域。现在，许多传统上被称为“数据分析师”的人都渴望获得“数据科学家”的头衔，Kaggle的创始人兼首席执行官安东尼o戈德布卢姆(Anthony Goldbloom)说。他的公司拥有一个非正式的全球各地数据专家网络，今年刚被谷歌收购。他补充说，数据科学家进而渴望成为机器学习专家。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe explosion in demand for these skills has happened far more quickly than the traditional academic courses have been able to meet. According to Stack Overflow, which runs an online developer community and carries out one of the most extensive annual surveys of the field, data scientists, machine learning experts and developers with a statistics or maths background are three of the four highest-paying job descriptions in software.对这些技能的需求呈爆炸式增长，其速度之快使得传统院校课程培养的人才已无法满足需要。根据运行在线开发人员社区的Stack Overflow公司的数据，数据科学家、机器学习专家及拥有统计学或数学背景的开发人员在软件行业薪酬最高的四类职位中占据了三类。Stack Overflow针对这一领域进行的年度调查是同类调查中涉及范围最为广的之一。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPeople are finding their way into this field through unconventional routes. A recent survey of 16,000 Kaggle’s users found that only 30 per cent studied machine learning or data science as part of their formal college education.人们正通过一些非常规的途径进入这一领域。最近对1.6万名Kaggle用户进行的一项调查发现，只有30％的受访者在正式的大学教育中学习过机器学习或数据科学课程。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy contrast, 66 per cent described themselves as self-taught. And a little more than half said they had used online courses to learn the new disciplines.相比之下，66％的受访者称他们是自学成才的。略超过半数的受访者表示，他们是通过在线课程学习这一新学科的。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\&v2-bf654f5d2329beb3002e3.jpg\& data-caption=\&\& data-size=\&normal\& data-rawwidth=\&640\& data-rawheight=\&427\&\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPeople from many different areas have been drawn in. Goldbloom lists physics, computer science, classical statistics, bioinformatics and chemical engineering. This makes machine learning the first new discipline to demonstrate the importance of lifetime learning, he says: it simply will not be possible to spend an entire working life without re-skilling to adapt to new opportunities like these}