印度陆军老将军评点伯坦果德反恐作战【伪阿鲁纳恰尔邦吧】_百度贴吧
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印度陆军老将军评点伯坦果德反恐作战收藏
渴望建功立业的阿三从来不缺战斗。 2016年一月二日，伯坦果德空军基地恐怖袭击案是印度阿三在新的一年迎来的第一场硬战。从我们中国人的角度看，这是印度武装力量各部队真枪实弹联合上演最真实的 一场 活话剧。行动是最准确的语言。阿三在战斗中的精彩表演证明，印度武装力量强大的咖喱味战斗力中的确有太多太多的亮点没有被我们注视到，我们必须仔细观察，用心体会，不然有朝一日和他们交手，输赢难料。话说这场战斗的主要故事梗概大约是这样的。日凌晨四点，四名巴基斯坦武装分子携带大批武器装备越过 Ujj河 进入印度境内， 这个通过鞋印得到证实。鞋印上印有 EPCOT字样，这是巴基斯坦最大鞋厂的商标。这种鞋子印度买不到。 后来在武装分子遗弃的SUV里还发现中国产的对讲机，这种对讲机传送距离是在视距內，这个说明武装分子的幕后指使人曾经到过边境线和他们告别。Ujj河属于分洪渠，现在这个季节它的河道大部分是干的，有水的地方也只有膝盖深。此处边境线有个特点就是它不是沿河道划分的，河道多次进出印度国境。所以沿河边境线是断裂的，无法封闭。空隙很多， 最大一段空隙有30英尺宽。 总体说在旁遮普邦类似情况有40处。 (事后印度各界公知网民纷纷建议在那条河边装探照灯夜里开着就好了，印度边防队提出要装激光墙带警报器高音喇叭，印度陆军说要装红外热像仪战场监视雷达。众说纷纭，莫衷一是。) 武装分子乘印度边防队士兵 凌晨最 疲劳时越河，上岸后他们钻进河岸附近 靠近Khooni Nala 的一个树林里隐藏了一个白天。他们换上印度陆军迷彩服。天黑以后他们走出树林步行3千米，到约定地点和一个印度的士司机碰头，晚上九点半这位叫 Ikagar Singh 的 的士司机 开车过来接他们几个进城，的士开到了 Kohlian村 他们就把司机杀了。后来调查发现的士司机的手机接到过一个来自巴基斯坦的电话，可能因为贪财才接这个活的，接到人后发现是武装分子就不想干了，所以被杀。过了 Kohlian村 武装分子开着的士又走了5千米，车子就坏了没法开。车也不要了，武装分子只好步行到 Kohlian村 附近的大路，就在这时路上驶过一辆SUV，立刻被他们拦下。此时是一月一日凌晨两点左右吧。车属于驻扎在旁遮普邦 Gurdaspur区的邦武警部队第七十五营副营长 SP Salwinder Singh ，当时他带着一个珠宝商朋友和自己的厨子从伯坦果德开往 Gurdaspur 。因为车没带警灯人没穿警服，武装分子没认出警察身份。他们三个被强行塞进后座底下和后备箱，一路向伯坦果德空军基地进发，走了43千米。在伯坦果德郊外的一个村子，他们释放了警官和他的厨子，却把珠宝商割喉，不过此人没死送医院了。这位警官获释后立即向自己上级报警，说自己被恐怖分子绑架了又被放了。然而令人匪夷所思的是旁遮普邦警察不相信他的话，可能是因为这位警官最近犯错误了被停职处分了。警察把他和他的厨子隔离审讯了十几个小时，直到伯坦果德空军基地的枪声传来。此人事后又被带到德里经过好多天的疲劳审讯，调查人员多方走访排查并搜查了他的家，办公室和朋友的住处。最后通过测谎仪和心理学家的人格分析才证明了自己的清白。话说一月一日中午12时20分到13时50分之间，印度某对外情报局电信监听科的值班战士截获从被劫警官的手机打出的四个电话，全是从伯坦果德打往趴鸡思躺的。内容都是和亲人朋友诀别。前文说过，印度情报机关对趴鸡思躺情报具有极高的领悟力。值班小战士立即判断出这些电话内容的严重性质和重大意义。几分钟以后情报就送达印度内阁情报和反恐战线的分管领导——国家安全顾问。他当即召集国家安全会议有三军参谋长和内政部长参加的紧急会议，决定立刻行动，会后内政部长马上下令给国家安保卫队，立即向伯坦果德空军基地挺进。15时时刻准备着的第一支快速反应群SAG部队（全部由印度陆军优秀官兵组成）在 NSG Inspector General (Operations) Major General Dushyant Singh 带领下奔向新德里机场，晚上10时十分抵达伯坦果德空军基地，此时离战斗打响还不到5个小时。紧接着第二队也来了，第二天第三天又来两批总共300人。
元月2日2时50分武装分子突进到技术区外围的印度空军金翅鸟突击队的哨卡。当天基地內住着一万多人（含3000户家属和23名外国学员来自什么缅甸斯里兰卡阿富汗尼日利亚之类的杂碎小国家）。显然武装分子不是来杀人的。要大开杀戒就要转头去家属院。技术区是封闭式管理，按照武装分子行军路线必须经过工兵部队的车间。在这里武装分子首先打响第一枪却遭到猛烈回击——一名印度空军金翅鸟突击队员还没有看清敌人什么样也没有开枪就稀里糊涂地牺牲了。（印度空军金翅鸟突击队只有1100人左右，不是伞兵，也算是特种部队吧，伯坦果德空军基地有24名金翅鸟突击队员，是印度空军西部军区司令部司令员刚刚在天黑以后坐飞机带来的）此地距离机场的技术区不到700米。
和金翅鸟突击队交火时。恐怖分子烧了一辆巴士，又破坏了一辆卡车。 恐怖分子见有强兵把守突入不成，只好退到附近一个房子里隐蔽，哪知这个房子是防务保安军做饭的伙房，在伙房里武装分子遭遇四个赤手空拳的防务保安军的老战士。当时是凌晨三点半，据说这四个锡克教老战士起这么早躲在这里是在搞什么神秘的宗教迷信活动。这四个老战士不是小青年都是长年在外混世界的兵油子。有三个人都挺滑头的，见到强敌就服软。但是其中偏偏有一个不知怎么搞的烈性子发了，他奋不顾身地扑向敌人夺过一把枪干掉了一个。敌人一看这还了得，几梭子子弹过去把这四个老兵杀干净了。紧接着，武装分子跑到旁边的密林，继续向工兵的车间射击。在这里和赶来大部队进行殊死战斗，武装分子的榴弹攻击火力很猛，又有一名防务保安军的老战士被敌人杀死，经过长时间交火三名武装分子全部被击毙。这结果本来挺好的，哪知没完又出了意外，国家安保卫队的排爆小队长在清理在三具尸体时牺牲，当时他正搜到一个武装分子身上的子弹袋，突然一个手雷滑落到他右手掌，他一看手雷保险栓脱落想要出手已经来不及，手雷立刻爆炸把他炸烂了。连带周围四个战士受伤。其中一人左眼炸瞎，一人弹片扎进颅内。
这还没完，没安静多久不远处又传来枪声附近一栋空军军械人员宿舍里射出手枪子弹。有人报告房子里躲着两个恐怖分子。于是国家安保卫队立即包围了这栋房子，从房子里又抛射出榴弹，造成国家安保卫队5名战士受伤，一人重伤。于是众兵丁发扬强大火力猛攻这房子，还是打不死敌人。据国家安保卫队总队长说在整个攻击过程中出现了57响爆炸声。看来敌人火力很强啊！几个领导一会商决定改变打法，先用直升机把黑猫突击队送上房顶，从房顶下楼，救出楼内六名被困人员。侦察员报告说一楼好像很可疑该怎么办呢。领导说你们别管了赶紧撤回来，人员全部撤离后，从附近陆军兵营搬过来的重型火力，几下子就把房子轰塌了，这下终于太平了。可是这又惹出新问题，众兵丁在废墟里翻啊找啊，怎么找都找不到传说中的两个恐怖分子的尸首。于是印度全国上下议论纷纷，有人说这房子里本来没有什么恐怖分子，是当兵的吓坏了，把两头猪当成人打造成的一场乌龙。国家安保卫队的总队长对此坚决否认。他辩解说，有一件事是千真万确的，我们当时搬来穿墙雷达时，我们有人听见里面有人说了一句国家安保卫队到了。这个穿墙雷达可以告诉我们房子里面有没有动静，它虽然没有明确显示里面有人，但是它当时确实显示房子里真的有动静。
这次行动印度全国上下批评部队指责不断，印度武装力量和政府百般解释无济于事。舆论评论这次事件暴露了印度武装力量虚弱的一面，核心有两点不容抵赖。一，武装分子突破了边防线。二，武装分子突破了空军基地的围墙。下面就听听一位印度陆军退役中将的点评，毕竟人家是行家，比公知或记者来得专业嘛。
Lieutenant General H S Panag (retd) was one of the Indian Army's finest generals.General Panag, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, was the GOC-in-C, Northern Command, which is deployed in Jammu and Kashmir and is responsible for guarding about 1,896 km of India's disputed borders with China and Pakistan, including the Line of Actual Control, the Actual Ground Position Line, the Line of Control, as well as the International Border.退役陆军中将 H S Panag，是印度陆军最优秀的将军之一。他得过好多大勋章。曾经担任过驻守查谟和克什米尔的北方司令部的司令员。该军区负责把守与中国和巴基斯坦接壤的1896千米的边境线。
The first flaw was in coordination of the intelligence received.The information came to the police and they sent driblets to all concerned. They warned the central government, army and air force, but when the intercepts started coming in, it was crystal clear that terrorists were in the vicinity of the airbase.这次行动一开始就不顺利，首先遇到的就是收到的情报后的协调配合问题，当情报传到警方，警方分别通知了所有相关部门。他们告知了中央政府，陆军和空军各大单位，但是随着收集到的情报不断传来，恐怖分子就在空军基地附近的事实已经再明显不过了。
It seemed to be the logical target and this was assessed by everybody. You then secure the airbase and be prepared to take any action required.If this information was given without the government being involved to the General Officer Commanding of the 29 Infantry Division, who commands 20,000 troops and with additional troops located in Pathankot, he would have informed his superiors, they would have coordinated with the air force and initiated the necessary action.机场是个合乎逻辑的袭击目标，人人都这么认为。那么那个时候你政府就应当加强机场保卫，采取一切必要的安全措施吧。如果这些情报没有经过中间掺和的印度政府，直接传递到印度陆军29师师长的手里，顺便说明一下该师麾下有两万之众，另外在伯坦果德还驻有其它部队。（印度陆军现编有六个地区／作战司令部，一个训练司令部，14个军，49个师，240几个旅）那么这位师长就会立即报告自己的上级，协调机场方面，采取必要行动。
But this did not happen and the national security advisor held a conference in Delhi. In such a situation it is important to decide who is the lead agency that will pay a dominant role -- the Army, the Air Force or NSG (National Security Guard).但是这种合乎情理的事情没有发生。收到情报后，印度国家安全顾问立刻在新德里召开了紧急会议。本来，在这么一个场合，最重要的事情是决定在行动中由哪个单位发挥领导带头作用——陆军，空军还是国家安保卫队。It is situational related.In all this operation, the main effort was going to be from the army and the lead agency should have been the army.就事论事，过去像这种行动，出力的主要是陆军，所以按理说这次行动的主导带头单位也应当是陆军。
The lead agency has to be the single point command and control centre. You must appoint an overall commander, but this was not done.作为主导带头的单位应当成为单一的指挥控制中心，你政府就该任命一个总指挥员。然而在会上这件事并没有做。Some direction was given which was in the domain of micro management.这个会上的确做出了一些指示，但是都属于微观管理范畴的细枝末节。
So the NSG was sent -- 130 men followed by 80. Some elements of the army under a brigadier reached in the evening.会后，国家安保卫队受派出发前往伯坦果德机场了，第一批130人，第二批80人。晚上陆军某旅也派了一些人到机场。 Whereas had a single point agency been established, the GoC 29 Division would have ensured that the base is secured much earlier.而假如先设立一个单一的指挥机构，那么29步兵师的师长无疑会更早地采取行动，确保机场安全。Initially, Brigadier Anupinder Brelvi (commander, Mamoon 51 Brigade) arrived with two columns. 行动一开始， Mamoon第51旅的旅长 Anupinder Brelvi准将带着两个小分队赶来了。一个小分队25人不到排的规模。
You have an airbase with a perimeter of 25 kms with 5, 6 platoons of Defence Security Corps personnel who are not suitably armed and do internal guard duties.你想想一个方圆25千米的大机场，原本只有装备不是很好的防务保安军的六个排在这里搞内保。 （防务保安军共有三万四千人，国防部直属单位，交由陆军指挥，主要任务是为三军驻地和国防科研单位看家护院）
The first and foremost requirement was to strengthen the perimeter. A minimum of one battalion was needed to strengthen the perimeter and another battalion required to secure the technical area.当时机场最急迫需要的是加强围墙的保卫力量。围墙的保卫力量需要增派至少一个营，而机场的技术区另外还需要专门派一个营守卫。The Special Forces and other infantry -- which is equally capable of taking action because they do that in and out in J&K -- should have been placed to respond. The coordination wasn't done.派陆军的特种部队，或者派其它步兵部队进场都是没有什么问题的，因为这些部队在克什米尔内外都执行过类似的任务，然而这样的协调配合工作没有人安排去做。
That evening, the AOC-in-C (Air Officer in Commanding in Chief) Western Air Command also arrived. His rank is equivalent to an army commander, he has got the rank of a secretary to the Government of India. He was senior to all these guys.到了夜里，印度空军西部司令部的司令员也赶来凑热闹，这老小子的级别和陆军军区司令部的司令员是平级的。具体来说相当于印度政府里的国务部长，也就是副部级。官大一级压死人。在伯坦果德空军基地这一大群当官的里头他才是真正的老大。This was not all, the police was involved outside. Also, the BSF because there could be more terrorists trying to infiltrate.这还不算完，旁遮普邦的警察被安排在外围，印度边防队BSF也被叫来了，因为要防止更多恐怖分子从边境渗透过来。BSF要加强边境保卫。 说到这不得不介绍一下这个神秘的国家安保卫队了。
The National Security Guard (NSG) is a special forces unit under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). It was raised in 1984, following Operation Blue Star and the assassination of Indira Gandhi, &for combating relegious extremists activities with a view to protect Political Power against internal disturbances&国家安保卫队成立于1984年，当年印度政府决定攻打阿姆利则锡克教金庙，随后发生了英迪拉总理被锡克教徒暗杀事件。组建国家安保卫队目的是为了保卫政治权力不受内乱影响同极端宗教活动作斗争。是一支直属内政部领导的特种部队。
The NSG is a force specially equipped and trained to deal with specific situations and is therefore to be used only in exceptional situations. The force is not designed to undertake the functions of state police forces or other paramilitary forces of the Union of India,” it says.The force is modelled on the pattern of foreign special forces like SAS of the United Kingdom and GSG-9 of Germany but has now included the best practises of a few other such elite forces over the years.国家安保卫队是以英国是SAS和德国的 GSG-9 为榜样组建的特种部队。
The head of NSG, designated as Director General (DG), is selected by the MHA-Home Minister.Since its raising in 1984, the NSG has had 28 DGs, in 31 years, with an average tenure one year and few months.Many have served as DG just for few months, while waiting for promotion or a more desirable post. None of the DGs has had experience of commanding NSG special actions groups, or any other special forces command experience . All the selected DGs have been officer from Indian Police Service (IPS). As per the government policy, NSG is to be headed by an Officer from IPS. Since the Combat Units under the NSG, which conduct counter terror operations are commanded by the Army Officers, this effectively negates the possibility of any officer with field experience in counter terror operations heading the organisation as its DG at a later stage。国家安保卫队的一把手，用中国话说就是总队长吧。警衔是DG总警监。由印度内政部选任。所有被选任的总队长的出身都是印度警务系统 高级 文官队伍（IPS），他们中没有一个具有领导国家安保卫队下属某部或其它特种部队的经验。这是印度政府关于规定警察部队必须由IPS文官领导的规定决定的。这就关死了有战功的基层警官妄图
通过个人奋斗爬到总队长位子的升迁路。国家安保卫队的总队长有五个副手，警衔都是一级警监。用中国话说就是副总队长级领“”导干@部吧。其中两人是印度警务系统文官干部队伍IPS出身，负责内部管理。一个负责财务的是印度审计系统文官干部队伍出身。另外两个分别负责训练和作战指挥的的都是陆军少将出身。
NSG commando teams are raised under five primary units, two SAGs manned by officers and jawans from the army and three SRGs comprising personnel from paramilitary forces.国家安保卫队的组成包括5支基本部队，即两支由陆军抽调官兵组成的特别行动群 SAG（ the Special Action Group ）和三支由内政部直属中央武警各部队 抽调官兵组建的 特别游骑兵群SRG（ Special Rangers Group ）。
While each of the two SAGs (51 and 52) are tasked with counter-terror, counter-hijack and hostage rescue operations, the SRGs (11, 12 and 13) were used to render logistical support to the SAGs during such operations and have been primarily deployed for guarding high-risk VVIPs for many years now.第51和52特别行动群的使命是反恐，发劫持和人质解救。第11,12,13特别游骑兵群本来的用途是在特别行动群执行任务时，为其提供后勤支援。然而多年以来特别游骑兵群的主要使命保卫最高风险的要人。比如印度内政部长，印度各邦首席部长等等。
Each SRG has three teams, with over 300 commandos each, and the estimated strength of an entire unit is about 1,000 personnel.每个特别游骑兵群下辖三个大队，每个大队有300来人。这样一个群就有1000来人吧！
中国及巴基斯坦躺枪了：日凌晨四点，四名巴基斯坦武装分子携带大批武器装备越过 Ujj河 进入印度境内， 这个通过鞋印得到证实。鞋印上印有 EPCOT字样，这是巴基斯坦最大鞋厂的商标。这种鞋子印度买不到。后来在武装分子遗弃的SUV里还发现中国产的对讲机
恐怖分子很可能就藏在机场外围。机场周边一两千米地带该搜查没搜查。当然，机场的主要资产——飞机已经转移。剩下的只是执行侦察任务的带夜视仪的类似米-25武装直升机这类玩意。
There are reports that they could have well have entered on the 1st itself (on the night of December 31-January 1). Unlikely.有报道说，恐怖分子在一天前也就是元旦天亮以前就进入了机场，这是不太可能的。Had they entered on the 1st when they knew no warning had been issued, they would have struck that night only because the airbase was ill prepared.假如元旦那天恐怖分子就来了，他们看到机场方面没有得到预警，根本没有做什么准备，他们一定会先下手为强的。When the terrorists effected an entry, they first went across to the DSC cookhouse where the personnel were unarmed. If an alert had been sounded, why were the personnel unarmed?恐怖分子钻进机场后，首先通过防务保安军的伙房，那里面的人都没带武器。要是警报已经发出，为什么他们不带枪？
When I was army commander, Northern Command, I always carried my personal weapon with me, even in my house.以前我当北方司令部司令的时候，就算呆在家里，我也枪不离身。The overall security of the airbase, not only in Pathankot but everywhere, is highly suspect. The DSC consists of aging men 45 to 55 years old. They join the DSC after doing at least 15 years in the army and they can serve up to 60.The electronic sensors are non existent at the airbases. They don't have bulletproof jackets. Given that these air fields are vulnerable a much larger force is required to secure the perimeter.印度所有空军基地的安全都令人担忧。守卫空军基地的防务保安军的成员年纪一般在45——55岁之间。他们是在陆军服役过至少15年才来的，在防务保安军可以混到60岁才退。机场根本没有安装什么电子感应器。防务保安军战士也没有防弹背心可穿。要想让机场安全让人放心保安力量必须大大加强才行。
Thereafter, the operation fell into place. They brought in additional army columns and two teams of Special Forces. The terrorists were luckily confined to the area of the barracks and finally were eliminated there.随后行动有条不紊地展开，上头又派来陆军的几支小分队和两支特种部队。很幸运恐怖分子包围在营房地带，最终都被消灭。Incidentally, they have only found four bodies. In J&K we burned down houses with terrorists inside them. Eventually, we do find these charred bodies and weapons. The two bodies may be found later.捎带说一下，结果他们只找到四具尸体。在查谟和克什米尔，我们陆军常常把恐怖分子藏身的房子烧毁。最后我们确实能找到了烧焦的尸体和武器。也许另外两具尸体以后会找到的。
The fundamental fault was that there was no lead agency and in putting the NSG in charge.这次行动根本的错误在于没有确定哪个机构领头。让国家安保卫队来负责也是错的。The NSG was sent because a hostage situation was expected:派国家安保卫队来是因为估计有可能出现绑架人质的局面。Why were they expecting a hostage situation when they had 30,000 troops available in Mamoon?在不远处的 Mamoon驻有三万军队的地方， 他们凭什么估计 会出现绑架人质的情况呢？
Social media and everybody becomes emotional about casualties, but despite the warning and 24 hours to prepare, we were still surprised.Luck and providence helped us.社会媒体和普罗大众只看到伤亡。其实我们更应当看到，尽管提前接到预警，我们提前24小时做了准备。结果还是措手不及。不幸中的万幸是幸运之神和天意向我们伸出了救援之手。Had they struck on the night of the 1st, there would have been hell to pay and had they been able to sneak further in, we would have had a greater problem.假如恐怖袭击提前一天，那么我们的损失必然非常惨重。假如恐怖分子在 机场 潜入更深入一些，那么我们一定会遇上大麻烦。
Every operation for the armed forces is like a test. You can clear it with 1st division or with 3rd division. This was a third division operation.Better to shame ourselves in public than to do nothing.武装力量的每一次行动都是一次考验。要解决问题可以派一流的部门也可以派三流的部门。这次行动就是三流部门完成的。我们不必装聋作哑，向社会公开认错更好些。（长期傲慢自大的印度陆军自以为是的言论）
Were we caught off guard in spite of the intelligence?记者问：提前得到了情报还措手不及啊？The ISI and terrorists have exploited the drug nexus that exists on either side of the border. Superintendant of Police Salwinder Singh's role is suspect. He could also be an innocent victim, but there are too many unanswered questions.This nexus has been there for quite some time. The BSF, the Punjab Police and the Punjab politicians are all involved in the drug trade.答：巴基斯坦三军情报局和恐怖分子充分利用了边界两边现存的毒品走私关系网。那个被绑架警司（警衔 Superintendant of Police ） Salwinder Singh是个什么角色令人怀疑。也许他是一个无辜的受害者，但是的确有太多疑问了。边界毒品走私网存在久矣。印度边防队（ BSF ），旁遮普邦警察系统和旁遮普邦的政客们都深陷其中。
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