黑人为什么跑步这么快_百度知道
黑人为什么跑步这么快
我有更好的答案
跟骨较大，足弓更具弧度，黑人的跟腱十分长，脚底屈肌强度也冠绝所有人种，这使得他们在起跑蹬地时，能获得更大的反作用力生理优势黑人运动员擅长爆发力强的运动与其肌肉的组成和结构有着莫大干系。前者又称快速运动单位，在进行快速爆发力运动时，得到锻炼的主要就是白肌纤维。黑人白肌纤维的比例超过80%。在进行剧烈运动时，由于代谢速度加快，四肢长，在起跑时便获得了优势。黑人的臀部上翘，使得臀部与腿部肌肉的长度增加，远远超过其他人种。另外黑人的肌肉呈长条状，张弛协调性非常好。肌肉组织分为白肌纤维和红肌纤维，有调查显示，黑人的体温调节能力也有突出之处。较高的重心使黑人选手的稳定角减少，有利于快速灵活的运动。此外黑人的脚趾也有一些与众不同的特点，他们第二脚趾最长，导致体温上升，体温调节能力对于维持体内环境的稳定及电解质平衡有着重要作用。黑人选手可以比其他人种选手更快地调节至正常体温。此外还有研究表明良好的体温调节能力有助于提高肌肉组织的效率。身体特征优势黑人具有一些独特的身体特征，使其爆发力优势愈加凸显。黑人的躯干短，产生的收缩力更大。长度增加的肌肉还可以增加收缩力对腿部的作用时间。这样的特征使得黑人选手获得了绝佳的冲刺能力和弹跳能力，加之脚底板脂肪组织绵软厚实，相对全身长度，黑人的下肢、尤其是小腿，要比别的人种更长。修长的小腿也便于获得更大的肢端线速度。值得注意的是，极低的脂肪组织含量也可以降低肌肉在收缩和松弛过程中的摩擦作用。除了肌肉功能之外
采纳率：71%
跟骨较大，足弓更具弧度，黑人的跟腱十分长，脚底屈肌强度也冠绝所有人种，这使得他们在起跑蹬地时，能获得更大的反作用力生理优势黑人运动员擅长爆发力强的运动与其肌肉的组成和结构有着莫大干系。前者又称快速运动单位，在进行快速爆发力运动时，得到锻炼的主要就是白肌纤维。黑人白肌纤维的比例超过80%。在进行剧烈运动时，由于代谢速度加快，四肢长，在起跑时便获得了优势。黑人的臀部上翘，使得臀部与腿部肌肉的长度增加，远远超过其他人种。另外黑人的肌肉呈长条状，张弛协调性非常好。肌肉组织分为白肌纤维和红肌纤维，有调查显示，黑人的体温调节能力也有突出之处。较高的重心使黑人选手的稳定角减少，有利于快速灵活的运动。此外黑人的脚趾也有一些与众不同的特点，他们第二脚趾最长，导致体温上升，体温调节能力对于维持体内环境的稳定及电解质平衡有着重要作用。黑人选手可以比其他人种选手更快地调节至正常体温。此外还有研究表明良好的体温调节能力有助于提高肌肉组织的效率。身体特征优势黑人具有一些独特的身体特征，使其爆发力优势愈加凸显。黑人的躯干短，产生的收缩力更大。长度增加的肌肉还可以增加收缩力对腿部的作用时间。这样的特征使得黑人选手获得了绝佳的冲刺能力和弹跳能力，加之脚底板脂肪组织绵软厚实，相对全身长度，黑人的下肢、尤其是小腿，要比别的人种更长。修长的小腿也便于获得更大的肢端线速度。值得注意的是，极低的脂肪组织含量也可以降低肌肉在收缩和松弛过程中的摩擦作用。除了肌肉功能之外
他们说黑人爆发能力比较强哦
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部分习题:&
1. 八级考试练习
近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。
原文：It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans
with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican
party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in
the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots
of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s
economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously
after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly
financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and
television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was
Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and
dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any
president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of
America & a nation of renewed military strength, individual
initiative, and smaller federal government.
来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive
things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we
abdicate society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera,
and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who
cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we?
Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and
education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a
hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse
towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world
through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe,
this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music,
art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones
they are the touchstones for the possibilities
to which human thought and im they carry the
most profound messages that can be sent from one human to
日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……
　　这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
　　日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……
Section B原 文：
I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader.
American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own
national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness.
They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor
figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of
their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference.
But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their
literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not
pre-eminent — e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate
between boasting of native products and copying those of the
Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they
were done in P how many times have we read in articles that
they really represent an “English tradition” after all.
To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it
is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and
Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find
examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in
dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the
Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more
slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend
some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the
difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be
one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of
divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman
when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in
important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still
resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are
odd overlappings and ab kinship yields to a
sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only
to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a
stranger for a friend.&
Section A原 文：
加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
　　温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。&
Section B原 文：
In some societies people want children for what might be called
familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to
prop to enable the proper functioning of
religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin
in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are
powerful indeed in other places.
　　In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border
with the following category, namely, having children in order to
maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the
to repair or rej to increase the number
of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way.
The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the
failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and
a ready cause for divorce.
　　Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to
the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband
and wife alone do not seem a proper family —they need children to
enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the
redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but
the family seems also to need children, as the social institution
uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort,
assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To
most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more
than one person for sustenance and in generational
extension.
SECTION A原 文
　　乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”
钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”
SECTION B原 文：
　　Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of
the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels.
The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is
enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he
saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high.
Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into
feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning
for more important efforts.
　　Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we
take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as
Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on
how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in
something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of
taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of
happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.
　　We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because
without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making
something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an
arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he
always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to
win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the
wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules.
No difficulty, no fun.&
In his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has
his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city
he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a
teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she
sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which
you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them.
"Where! Why everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet
built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as
concrete to him as if they were already constructed and
Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait,
future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage
the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past
and more emotionally attached to things to come. AS Albert Einstein
once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never
得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
2. 分项练习:&
（A） 词语翻译
翻译以下段落：
What will the next decade bring, as we move into a new
millennium? That's getting harder and harder to predict. Change is
coming so fast that some of the most important technologies of the
21st century may now be just a sketch on the drawing
board or glimmer in the mind of genius. Then again, the
transcendent technologies may be right under our noses on the verge
of having as great an impact as the car or telephone.
读高中时，我对理科非常感兴趣，成绩也相当好。1985年我被录取到首都师大生物系，在那里我学了四年，主修动物学。1989年我一毕业就到一所职业中学任教。我热爱我的工作，和年轻的学生在一起真好。我真心认为教学是极为光辉的职业。同时，我还在一家公司从事研究工作。当我和外国专家一起工作时，英语派上了用场。但是我常常发现我所学的是不够的。为了提高英语水平，我到一家英语夜校强化英语的听、说能力。在老师的帮助下，经过艰苦努力，我很快取得了进步。
In his eagerness to have his home sweet and attractive for
Euphrasie's coming, Placide had gone less frequently than ever
before up to Natchitoches. He worked and whistled and sang until
the yearning for the girl's presence b then he
would put away his tools and mount his horse as the day was
closing, and away he would go across bayous and hills and fields
until he was with her again. She had never seemed to Placide so
lovable as she was then. She had grown more womanly and thoughtful.
Her cheek had lost much of its color, and the light in her eyes
flashed less often. But her manner had gained a something of
pathetic tenderness toward her lover that moved him with an
intoxicating happiness. He could hardly wait with patience for that
day in early April which would see the fulfillment of his lifelong
当今，住在城市里的人越来越多。结果交通拥挤，道路通常不够用，而且不少道路还过于狭窄。这就是事故甚多的原因。在世界各地的城市里，数以千计的人死于交通事故。所以，必须时常提醒人们交通规则和交通信号。如果没有交通法规，就会有更多的人在交通事故中受害。行人在道路上给自己或他人造成危险的行为是违反交通规则的。任何违反交通规则的人都会被罚一笔款。在某些情况下，如果发现某人屡屡违章，此君则甚至可能进监狱呆上一段时间。要想在路上不违章，你就得遵守交规。司机和骑车者遵守交通规则是很重要的。有人建议违反交通规则的司机得进一个专门
( 学习 ) 班学习有关规则一段时间。总而言之，不管去那里，为了自己也为了别人的安全，你都要注意交通标志。
The whole world seemed to be a black nothingness. The sky was
black with bright stars that never twinkled. The sun, a white,
burning disk, seemed to hang in the black velvet of the heavens.
This was the scene that spread before the eyes of the first
astronaut who left his spaceship to walk in outer space. Previous
to this, the “ space walker ” spent months learning to deal with an
environment where there is neither gravity nor weight.
蓝色一直是我最喜欢的颜色，以后也是如此。我之所以最喜欢这种颜色有几个理由。首先，蓝色是一种非常平和的颜色，令人愉快。天亮，人们醒来时，如果看到一片灰暗的天空，他们感觉如何？悲伤郁闷。但是，当天空是深蓝色时，我们心中充满喜悦和快乐。我偏爱蓝色的另一个理由是海洋、河流、湖泊在晴朗日子里呈蓝色。每次我去游泳，都觉得似乎获得新生。我认为蓝色是一种优雅、高贵的颜色。我有几套不同颜色的衣服，但是不知怎么，蓝色似乎最适合我。
They look remarkable like great towering thunderheads billowing
high into the evening sky as they catch the last rays of the
setting sun. They are so sharp, so startlingly three dimensional
that the mind wants to bring them down to earth to imagine them
rising on the horizon. They are no ordinary clouds, however. They
stand not 9,000 m but almost 10 trillion km high. They are
illuminated not with ordinary earthly light but with searing
ultraviolet radiation spewing from nuclear fires at the center of a
handful of newly formed stars.
翻译以下段落：她不是鲁镇人。有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了，头上扎着白头绳，乌裙，蓝夹袄，月白背心，年纪大约二十六七，脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的。卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂，说是自己母家的邻舍，死了当家人，所以出来做工了。四叔皱了皱眉，四嫂已经知道了他的意思，是在讨厌她是个寡妇。但看她模样还周正，手脚还壮大，又只是顺着眼，不开一句口，很像一个安分耐劳的人，便不管四叔的皱眉，将她留下了。
参考答案：
（一）英汉词层对等问题
翻译以下段落：我们步入了新的千年，在今后的十年里会发生什么样的变化呢？要预测这个问题越来越困难。变化将非常迅疾。虽然某些二十一世纪最重要的技术现在可能尚在图板草设的阶段或还只是天才头脑中的一个闪念，但这些超凡的技术马上就要出现在我们眼前，会产生像汽车或电话那么大的影响。
When I was studying in high school, I was very interested in and
quite good at science. In 1985, I was admitted into the Biology
Department of Beijing Normal University, where I stayed for four
years, majoring in zoology. Upon graduation in 1989, I got a job as
a teacher in a vocational school. I love my job. It's really good
to stay with young students. I really believe that teaching is a
most brilliant career. Meanwhile I have been engaged in research in
a company. English came in handy when I was working with foreign
experts. But I often found that what I had learned was not enough.
To improve my English, I went to an evening school of English for
more training in English speaking and listening. With the help of
the teachers and with hard work, I made rapid progress.
普拉西德急着要把家装扮得温馨迷人，以迎接厄弗拉西的到来。所以，他远没有以前那么频繁地去纳基托什。他哼着小调，吹着口哨干活，而心里越来越迫切地要见心上人。夕阳西下，他便收拾工具，翻身上马，踏着落日的余晖，翻山越岭，穿过田野、沼泽去见她。在普拉西德眼里，她从没有这么惹人怜爱。她变得越来越有女人味，为他考虑事情越来越周到。她的两颊已失色不少，两眸也不似往日那么熠熠生辉。但对情人变得含情脉脉、柔情似水，让他神魂颠倒。他急不可待地等着四月初的到来，以圆终生厮守之梦。
Today there are more and more people living in the city. As a
result, there is a great deal of traffic and usually not enough
roads, and many of the roads are too narrow. That's one of the main
reasons why there are a great many accidents. In cities all over
the world thousands of people die in traffic accidents. So, people
must constantly be reminded of the traffic laws and traffic signs.
If there were no traffic laws, more people would be hurt in traffic
accidents. It is against the traffic rules for a pedestrian to use
the road in a way that will cause danger to himself or herself or
to other people. Any person found breaking the laws can be fined a
certain sum of money. In some cases, one may even be put in prison
for a certain period of time if he is found to break the laws again
and again. In order not to break the rules on the road, you must
follow the instructions. And it's important that the drivers and
riders follow the rules. Some people suggest that the drivers who
violate traffic laws be put in a special class and study the rules
concerned for some time. All in all, wherever you go, follow the
traffic signs, for your own safety, and that of others.
整个世界似乎一片黑暗，空荡无物。漆黑的天空嵌着明亮的星星，却从不眨眼。太阳像一个白色的，燃烧的圆盘状物，悬挂在黑天鹅绒般的天穹。就是这番景象展现在第一个离开宇宙飞船走入太空的宇航员眼前。此前，这位“太空行者”花了几个星期的时间学习适应一个没有地心引力与重量的环境。
Blue has always been my favorite color, and it will always
continue to be so. I have several reasons for liking this color
best. First, it is a very soothing color and makes people happy.
How do people feel when they wake up to a day when the sky is a
dirty grey? Sad and gloomy. However, when the sky is deep blue,
cheer and joy enter our hearts. Another reason why I am most
partial to blue is that it is the color of oceans and rivers and
lakes on a sunny day. Whenever I go swimming, I feel as though I
were reborn. In my estimation, blue is a very refined and noble
color. I have several suits of clothes of different colors, but
somehow blue seems to be most becoming to me.
翻译以下段落：当它们捕捉到落日最后的余辉时，看上去雄伟壮观，宛如高耸冲天的雷电之首，高高地翻腾着进入黄昏的天际。它们看上去非常清晰，富有令人惊异的三维感，于是人们想把它们带到地球来，想象着它们从地平线上升起。但它们不是普通的云朵。他们不是在九千米的高度，而是在高达几乎10万亿公里之处。照亮它们的不是普通的人间光芒，而是烧灼的紫外线，从几个刚刚形成的恒星中间的核火焰中喷出。
She was not from the Luzhen Town. Early one winter, when my
fourth uncle's family wanted a new maid, Ms Wei, an old go-between
brought her along. She had a white mourning band round her hair and
was wearing a black skirt, blue jacket, and pale green bodice. Her
age was about twenty-six or twenty-seven, and though her face was
sallow, her cheeks were red. Ms Wei introduced her as Xianglin's
wife, a neighbour of her mother's family, who wanted to go out to
work now that her husband had died. My uncle frowned at this, and
my aunt knew that he disapproved of taking on a widow. She looked
just the person for them, though, with her big strong hands and
and, judging by her downcast eyes and silence, she was a good
worker who would know her place. So my aunt ignored my uncle's
frown and kept her.
(B)& &句子翻译
While accepting the right of the Government to stop confidential
information from being disclosed, Sir Richard said, “ The Crown
have not, in my judgment, established by evidence any misuse by the
defendant of his position as a former member of the SIS （情报机关） or
of information imparted to him in that capacity. ” He believed that
the Crown had tried to establish a case on what was far too broad a
statement of the fiduciary duty owed by ex-members of intelligence
and security agencies.
武夷山是中国东南名山，位于福建省北部。武夷山因两处引人入胜的奇特风景而闻名：如丝带曲折盘绕于群山脚下的九曲溪和屹立于九曲溪畔的陡峭三十六峰。游客攀登在陡峭的山间小路，如入景变无穷之境。站立高峰可尽览他山之峰和九曲溪美景。武夷山不仅风景秀丽，而且还以诸如
年架壑船棺等历史遗迹而闻名。许多著名学者，如朱熹、陆游与辛弃疾等人曾游历，讲学于此。亦有道士来此归隐。从古代起，这里就留下了大量庙宇塔楼、楼阁亭台和摩崖题刻。武夷山风景区资源丰富。那儿有许多享誉国内外奇花异木和名贵药材。
There it was on the bureau, the letter—in sacred ink, on blessed
paper—all over the city, people, if they listened, could hear the
beating of George O'Kelly's heart. He read the commas, the blots,
and the thumb-smudge on the margin—then he threw himself hopelessly
upon his bed. He was in a mess, one of those terrific messes which
are ordinary incidents in the life of the poor, which follow
poverty like birds of prey. The poor go under or go up or go wrong
or even go on, somehow, in a way the poor have & but George O'Kelly
was so new to poverty that had any one denied the uniqueness of his
case he would have been astounded.
如果没有对外开放的政策，福建就不会发生这么大的变化。如果没有实行改革，建设速度就不会这样快。为了适应对外开放的需要，鼓励外商来闽投资，福建在加强基础建设的同时
还十分注意软环境的改善。福建颁布了一系列政策以鼓励外商来闽投资。为保护投资者的合法利益，福建制定了二十九条经济法规。福建省不仅努力保持政策的稳定性，而且努力改进金融、保险、交通、信息等社会服务体系，使外商在闽投资方便、安全、获利。
Less than two years ago he had been graduated with honors from
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and had taken a position
with a firm of construction engineers in southern Tennessee. All
his life he had thought in terms of tunnels and skyscrapers and
great squat dams and tall, three-towered bridges, that were like
dancers holding hands in a row, with heads as tall as cities and
skirts of cable strand. It had seemed romantic to George O'Kelly to
change the sweep of rivers and the shape of mountains so that life
could flourish in the old bad lands of the world where it had never
taken root before. At present he was an insurance clerk at forty
dollars a week with his dream slipping fast behind him.
“服务型政府”是今年的政府工作报告中对政府职能转变的新提法，实际上，这也是“入世”对政府职能提出的新要求。“入世”后，各级政府要适应新形式，转变观念，转变工作方式，成为适应市场经济发展要求的服务型政府。我们强调服务，并不是要削弱监管，在市场经济的条件下，政府的职能不是弱化，而是转化，该弱化的就弱化，该强化的就强化。
参考答案：
尽管理查德先生接受政府有权制止泄密，但是他又说到：“根据我的判断，政府并没有用证据证实被告作为情报机关的前成员滥用其职权或在其任职期间透露情报。”他认为政府试图依据一句含义宽泛得不着边际的话来立案，即前情报机关和秘密机构的前成员有信守秘密的责任。
The Wuyi Mountains, well-known in the southeastern part of
China, lie in the north of Fujian Province. It is well-known for
two attractive marvelous sceneries: Nine-Twist Stream meandering
along the foot of the mountains like a silk ribbon, and the 36
peaks rising steeply beside the stream. Climbing up the steep
mountain pathways, the tourist will find himself into an
ever-changing world of landscape. Standing on a higher peak, one
can take in the wonderful views of the other peaks as well as the
Nine-Twist Stream. Apart from their marvelous sceneries, the Wuyi
Mountains are also known for their historical relics such as the
boat coffins in cliff caves which date from as early as 3,000 years
ago. Many famous scholars such as Zhu Xi, Lu You and Xin Qiji
visited and lectured here. Also, Taoists came to live here as
hermits. From the ancient ages, many monasteries, towers and
pavilions were built, and many cliff inscriptions were engraved.
The Wuyi Mountain Scenery District is rich in resources. There are
many unusual flowers, rare trees, and famous and precious medicinal
herbs, which are well-known both at home and abroad.
信，摊在写字台上——写信的墨水是圣洁的，用的信纸也是神圣的——整座城市的人们啊，只要侧耳细听，准能听到乔治 ·
奥凯利的心跳声。信上的每个标点、每个墨渍、以至空白处手指蹭脏的每个污痕，都读进了他的心里——看完，他绝望地扑倒在床上。乔治陷入了困境——像他这样极为狼狈的处境原是穷人生活中常有的事，可以说如同魔影一样总是缠住穷人不放。穷人嘛，不往上爬就完蛋，要不走上邪道，再就是用穷人所特有的办法混下去——不过，乔治可是初尝贫穷的滋味；要是有人说他的境遇不过是小事一桩，他准会惊奇得说不出话来。
Great changes wouldn't have taken place in Fujian without the
policy of opening to the outside world. The construction speed
wouldn't have become so rapid if the reform hadn't been carried
out. In order to meet the need of opening Fujian to the world and
encourage foreign businessmen to invest in Fujian, Fujian
emphasizes the improvement of its “soft” environment as well as the
strengthening of basic construction. A series of policies have been
issued so as to encourage foreign businessmen to come to invest in
Fujian. Twenty-nine economic laws and regulations have been
formulated for the protection of the lawful interests of investors.
Fujian Province makes efforts not only to maintain the stability of
its policies but also to improve such social service systems as
finance, insurance, transportation and information for the
convenience, security and profit of the foreign investors in
不到两年前，乔治以优异成绩毕业于麻省理工学院，在田纳西州南部的一家建筑工公司谋得一个职位。从小时候起，乔治想的就隧道呀、摩天楼呀、巨大的平坝呀
…… 有着三座塔墩的高桥呀——桥上的塔墩像是一排手拉手的舞蹈家，塔尖像都市的大楼一样高耸入云，钢缆又如同姑娘的长裙一般婀娜多姿。乔治
奥凯利一直觉得，让江河改向、让高山让路、让世界上那些了无生机的不毛之地兴旺起来，这该有多么浪漫啊！如今，他却在一家保险公司当小职员，一个礼拜挣
40 美元，他的梦想正随着岁月迅速流逝。
：“ Service-oriented government ” is a new way to describe the
change of the government function in this year's governmental work
report. It is also, as a matter of fact, a new requirement on the
government function in response to China's entry into the WTO.
After China's accession to the WTO, governments at all levels
should adjust their ideas and ways of working to become service
oriented to meet the demands of the market economy. When we
stressed the importance of service, we do not mean that we will
weaken the government function of supervision. Under the conditions
of a market economy, we should transform government functions
instead of weakening them. What we were after was to function
properly.&
（C）& 篇章翻译
It was a summer afternoon. The clear blue sky was dotted with
fluttering larks. The wind was still, as if it listened to their
gentle singing. From the shining earth a faint smoke arose, like
incense, shaken from invisible thuribles in a rhapsody of joy by
hosts of unseen spirits. Such peace had fallen on the world! It
seemed there was nothing but love a fragrant
summer air and the laughter of happy birds. Everything listened to
the singing larks in brooding thoughtlessness. Yea, even the horned
snails lay stretched out on grey stones with their houses on their
backs. There was no loud sound. Nothing asserted its size in a
brutal tumult of wind and thunder. Nothing swaggered with a raucous
noise to disarrange the perfect harmony. Even the tiny insects
mounting the blades of grass with slow feet were giants in
themselves and things of pride to nature.
“生态省”就是指非常重视经济社会与生态环境协调发展、各个领域达到了可持续发展要求的省份。从福建的具体省情来说，就是要构建协调发展的生态经济体系、持续利用的资源保障体系、优美舒适的城镇社区人居环境和良性循环的农村生态体系。为实现这个目标，环保部门提出把重点放在清洁生产和生态农业上。据介绍，
2002 年福建将完善重点工业污染源自动监控和主要污染物在线监测系统。
参考答案：
那是个夏日的午后。天气晴朗，碧空里星星点点的云雀在翩翩飞舞。风很静，似乎在倾听着云雀柔美的歌声。熠熠闪光的大地上升起一缕青烟，仿佛炉香缭绕，大群无影无踪的精灵正在兴高采烈地摇晃着无形的香炉。宁静笼罩着整个大地！好像到处都充满着爱和美；夏日的芬芳阵阵袭来，欢快的小鸟啁啾婉转。周围的一切都忘情地静听着云雀的歌唱。可不是吗，就连长着触角的蜗牛也驮着各自的窝棚，在青石上伸展开来。四周听不见什么喧闹声。没有任何东西以风啸雷鸣般的喧嚣显示其威势。没有任何东西以粗哑刺耳的嗓音拢乱这完美的和谐。就连缓缓爬到草叶上的小虫也成了自行其是的庞然大物，也是大自然的杰作。
An eco-friendly province is one that pays great attention to
coordinated development of economy and ecological environment and a
sustainable development in different fields. In terms of the actual
conditions, Fujian will aim at coordinated development of economy
and ecological environment, sustainable exploitation of natural
resources, a fine and clean living environment of urban communities
and a sound cycle of the rural ecological system. To implement the
strategy, environmental protection bureaus will focus their work on
sanitary production and eco-friendly agriculture. Fujian is said to
make greater efforts in 2002 to perfect automatic and on-line
monitoring systems for major industrial and other pollution
语法与翻译
And nobody replied. But surely the larks no longer sang happily.
Now the sky became immense. The world became immense, an empty
dangerous vastness. And the music of the fluttering birds had an
eerie lilt to it. S all except the toddling child, who
still came innocently to his mother, bringing little weeds as
gifts. Suddenly the merry cries of children mingled with the
triumphant singing of the larks. They all paused and stood erect.
Two little girls were running up the lane towards the field.
Between the winding fences of the narrow lane they saw the darting
white pinafores and the bobbing golden heads of the running girls.
Their golden heads flashed in the sunlight. They came running,
crying out joyously in trilling girlish voices. They were the two
remaining children. They were coming home from school.
商店中的大红灯笼增添了喜庆的气氛。今年灯笼的种类更为丰富多彩。除了传统的书写姓氏的红灯笼外，还有颇受年轻人青睐的花灯与水果灯。这种新式的灯笼是用绒布配钢丝制成，因此比普通的灯笼价格贵，但由于档次比较高，也吸引了不少顾客前来购买。不少顾客说，在家大门口挂上大红灯笼，既吉利又喜庆。
参考答案：
谁也没搭腔。但是不消说，云雀唱得也不欢了。一下子天空一片苍茫。大地一片苍茫，空旷里透出不祥。飞鸟的歌声听着也有点瘆人。大家都感觉到了；只有那个学步的孩子什么也不懂，还在给母亲送去一把一把的小草。忽然传来了孩子的欢叫声，夹杂着云雀的凯歌声。大家放下手里的活，直起了腰。两个小姑娘沿着田垄朝地里跑来。她们奔跑在蜿蜒的篱笆间，在那条窄道上，只见现身白围裙前后飞动，一头金发上下跳动。金发在阳光下闪闪发光。她们边跑边喊，那少女的颤音好不欢快。她们是这家的另外两个孩子，刚刚放学回家。
Bright red lanterns in stores have added to the festive
atmosphere. There has been a greater variety of lanterns this year.
In addition to traditional red lanterns with people's surnames
written on them, there are lanterns in the shape of flowers and
fruits, which are popular among young people. This new kind of
lantern is made of cotton flannel and steel wire, and is therefore
more expensive than ordinary ones. But it is still attracting many
customers because of its high rank. Many customers said that bright
red lanterns hung at the gate were a sign of good luck and
happiness.
(E)& 逻辑与翻译
Studies serve for delight, for delight, for ornament, and for
ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness, and
for ornament, and for ability, is in the
judgement and disposition of business. For expert men can execute,
and perhaps judge of particulars, but the general
counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from
those that are learned. To spend too much time
to use them too much for orn to make judgement
wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar. They perfect
nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are
like natural plants, that n and studies
themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they
be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men
admire them, a for they teach not their own
but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by
observation. Read not to co nor to believe and
nor to fin but to weigh and
参考答案：
读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又不大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
（F）& 修辞与翻译
福建南靖县土楼是世界独一无二的建筑。其中，田螺坑土楼、和贵楼两座土楼已被列为“国宝”。近日，南靖县顺利完成土楼主体第二期整治工作。南靖县正努力改善土楼周边环境及配套设施。目前，已拆迁土楼周边不协调建筑，完成村内外道路和观景台的建设。学者正在研究土楼文化内涵，为土楼申报世遗做好更充分的准备工作。
参考答案：
Earthen dwellings of Nanjing County, Southern Fujian, are a
unique type of architecture in the world. Among them, Tianluokeng
Earthen Dwelling and Hegui Earthen Dwelling have been rated as
national treasures. Recently in Nanjing, the second phase of
renovation project for earthen dwellings has been successfully
finished. Presently, the county is trying to improve the
environment around the dwellings and complementary facilities. Now
buildings not fitting in with the surroundings have been
roads inside and outside the villages and a sightseeing
tower have been built. Now scholars are doing studies on the
cultural connotations of the earthen dwellings so as to be better
prepared before the county applies for the accession of earthen
dwellings to World Cultural Heritage Sites.
(G) &机器翻译
Impressionism is a modern art movement which started in France
in the 1860s; the name, coined by a hostile critic, was taken from
Claude Monet's picture, Impression: Sunrise (1872). The
Impressionists, who included the French artists Camille Pissarro
()and Pierre Renoir (), rejected the dark tones
of 19 th century studio painting, set up their easels out-of-doors,
and tried to capture the brilliant effects of sunlight on water,
tress and fields, and pretty girls. Impressionist pictures are
typically bright and cheerful, and have been enormously popular
with 20 th century art lovers and collectors.
参考答案：
印象主义是19世纪60年代起源于法国的一种现代艺术流派，其名称是由一个不太友善的批评家杜撰的，来自克洛德·莫奈的画作《日出印象》（
1872）。印象主义画家（包括法国画家卡米耶·毕沙罗（ ）和皮埃尔 · 雷诺阿（
））抛弃了十九世纪画家画室绘画的晦暗色调，他们将画架搬到户外，试图捕捉阳光在水上、树上、田野中以及美丽少女身上那鲜明光辉的效果。典型的印象主义者绘画是光辉灿烂而且令人愉快的，深受20世纪美术爱好者和收藏者的喜爱。
(F) 问题与翻译
“布袋木偶戏”又称掌中戏。木偶高 1.2
尺，艺人以单掌或双掌操纵表演。尤擅长演两人对打、骑马射箭、翻墙越城、转碟顶碗等场面。由于道具简单小巧，艺人们可把木偶装在布袋里下乡演出，故称布袋木偶戏。福建布袋木偶剧团曾六次出国演出，访问过南斯拉夫、罗马尼亚、法国、瑞士、美国等十九个国家和地区，获得很高的评价。
1960 年在布加勒斯特参加第二届国际木偶傀儡戏联欢节比赛，荣获一等表演奖和一枚金质奖章。
著名学者俞平伯的纪念馆最近在浙江湖州市落成并开馆。俞平伯生于 1900 年，在 1990
年逝世，他早年投身爱国进步活动，是新文化运动的创始人之一。俞平伯一生从事文学创作和研究，并取得了卓著的成就，他最突出的贡献是把《红楼梦》的研究推向了一个新阶段。俞平伯祖籍湖州市德清县。这座建于湖州市老家的俞平伯纪念馆，共分七个部分陈列了俞平伯生前书法，文稿和出版物，还陈列了许多由俞平伯亲属捐献的俞先生遗物。
深秋季节，南平炉下乡林重寺内的两棵桃树二度开花，吸引了众多游人前往观赏。古诗云 :
“人间四月芬菲尽，四月桃花始盛开。”而今林重寺内这两株有五十年树龄的桃树，却在深秋时节二度开花，可以说是一大吉兆。据荣里人说，这两棵桃树今春已开花结果过，然而古寺经维修旧貌换新颜后，老树不甘寂寞，深秋里依然灿烂满枝头，一时传为美谈。
为了庆祝香港的历史性回归， 7 月 1 日将在维多利亚湾举行有史以来最大规模的烟花表演。观众可以免费观看长达 1
小时的烟花表演。同时，维多利亚湾两侧的公园里也将华灯齐放，展示一幅极为美丽的景象。灯展将历时 100
天。香港地区有史以来规模最大的彩车游行将使全港的街道充满欢声笑语， 60 多辆彩车将吸引人们争相观看。
相机和眼睛有许多相似之处。二者都需要有光线才能工作，都有形成影像的感光面。在眼睛里，影像形成在视网膜上；在相机里，影像形成在感光底片上。和相机一样，视网膜上的影像是倒置的。眼睛和相机都有透镜，它们把影像的焦点集结在感光面上。相机的镜头可以前后移动。眼睛的晶体屈度可以变化。在这方面，眼睛与相机是不同的。
The Seller shall not be held liable for the delay in shipment or
non-delivery of the goods under the Contract in consequence of
Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of
manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The Seller
shall inform the buyer promptly of the occurrence mentioned above
and within fourteen days thereafter, the Seller shall send by
airmail to the buyer for their acceptance a certificate of the
accident issued by the Competent Government Authorities where the
accident occurs as evidence thereof. In such circumstances, the
Seller, however, is still under the obligation to take all
necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. In case the
accident lasts for more than ten weeks, the buyer shall have the
right to cancel the Contract.
参考答案：
“ Sack Puppet Show ” is also called palm puppet
show. The puppet is usually 1.2 chi (i.e.0.33 meter or 1.1
feet) tall, and the artisan can control it and perform with one
palm or both palms. Artisans are especially good at making the
scenes of fighting between two puppets, shooting an arrow while
riding a horse, climbing over a wall, and spinning plates and
balancing stacks of bowls on the head. The properties of this
puppet show are small and exquisite, and can be put into a sack and
taken to the countryside for performance. This is the origin of its
name. The Sack Puppet Troupe in Fujian has been abroad six times
doing its touring performances in 19 countries and regions in the
world, such as Yugoslavia, Romania, France, Switzerland, USA and so
on, and has been highly praised. In 1960, the troupe took part in
the Second International Puppet and Marionette Competition in
Bucharest and won the First Excellent Performance Prize and a gold
Recently a memorial dedicated to memory of Yu Pingbo ， a famous
scholar has opened in Huzhou City ， Zhejiang Province. Born in 1900
， Yu took an active part in the patriotic progressive movement
before the founding of the People's Republic of China in his early
years and became one of the founders of the New-Culture Movement.
Engaged in writing and research all his life ， Yu made great
achievements in literature. His greatest contribution was to
elevate to a new level of scholarship the study of THE DREAM OF
RED MANSION ， one of Chinese classics ， which has been
translated into many foreign languages. The Yu Pingbo Memorial ，
established in his hometown ， Huzhou ， consists of seven sections
which display his works of calligraphy ， scripts and publications
together with his personal belongings donated by his relatives.(
注意：“爱国进步活动”不宜直接译为 the patriotic progressive movement ，译为 the
patriotic progressive movement before the founding of the People's
Republic of China
可以避免误解。此外，文中的《红楼梦》也有一番解释。为了在外国观众达到一定的交流效果，新闻翻译者在保留原文基本意思的前提下可在翻译中进行一定程度的变动，不一定与原文亦步亦趋。
&Late autumn witnesses the second peach-
blossoming at the Linchong Temple of Luxia Village in Fujian's
Nanping District. It's said that after blossoming and bearing
fruits in the spring ， 1993 ， two fifty-year-old peach trees in the
Linchong Temple bloomed for the second time ， attracting numerous
tourists. Things happened after the temple's remodeling and are
said to be a symbol of good luck. (
注意：“人间四月芬菲尽，山里桃花始盛开。”对中国读者来说，会引起对历史典故的回味，对语言美的欣赏，和对文学精粹的赞叹。然而这么一句诗，由于文化，语言的沟壑，在短短一篇新闻的译文中实际并没有多少意义，也不符合英语新闻的风格，因此在译文中省略。
To celebrate Hong Kong's historic return to China, the greatest
firework display ever seen will take place above Victoria Harbor on
July 1.The show is scheduled to last for one hour and admission is
free. On both sides of the harbor, parks will light up with
colorful lanterns and the illuminated decorations will remain for
100 days. The streets of Hong Kong Island will come alive with the
largest parade of floats in local history as more than 60
specially-decorated vehicles thrill spectators massed along the
The camera and the eye are similar in many respects. They both
need light rays in order to function. Both have a sensitive surface
on which the image is formed. In the eye the image is formed on the
retina. In the camera the image is formed on the film. As in a
camera, the image on the retina is inverted. Both the eye and the
camera have a lens. The lens focuses the image on the sensitive
surface. In the camera, the lens moves backwards and forwards. In
the eye curvature of the lens is changed. In this respect the eye
differs from the camera.
本合同内所述的全部商品，在制造和装运过程，如因人力不可抗拒的原因，拖延装运或不能交货，则卖方概不负责。卖方应将上述事故立刻通知买方，且在其后的14天内航空邮寄一份由出事地主管政府当局签发的事故证书作为证据给买方。但是，卖方仍应负责采取必要的措施尽快交货。若事故持续超过10个星期，则买方有权取消合同。
(G) 英汉比较与翻译
To understand how these muscles work, try this: Sit in a
straight-backed chair and lean slightly forward. Put your palms
together in front of you, your elbows pointing out the sides, your
fingers pointing upward, and push hard so that you feel pressure in
the heels of your palms and under your arms.
同时必须清醒看到，在一些地方和部门领导的工作中，忽视思想教育的问题还没有解决。实际上，在社会精神方面存在不少问题，有的还相当严重。道德失范、拜金主义滋长；封建迷信活动沉渣泛起；假冒伪劣产品成为社会公害；文化事业受到消极因素的严重冲击，腐败现象蔓延，使党风、政风受到很大的损害。结果，一部分人国家观念淡薄，对社会主义前途丧失信心。估量精神文明的形势，决不能忽视这些问题的存在。
参考答案：
要理解这些肌肉群是怎样运作的，你这样试试：坐在直背椅上，身体略略前倾。两掌合十，置于体前，两肘外撑，指尖向上，用力挤压，这样你在掌跟与臂下会感到压力。
At the same time, we must soberly see that in the work of
leadership in some localities and departments, the problem of
neglecting ideological education has mot been solved. As a matter
of fact, quite a number of problems still exist in the social,
ethical and cultural life, some being rather serious. Immorality
and money- feudal superstit
production of shoddy and fake goods and fraud have become a social
the cultural cause has been seriously affected by negative
corruption has been spreading, doing big harm to the
working style of the Party and the Government. Consequently, a
number of people have a weak concept of the State, losing
confidence in the future of socialism. In assessing the situation
confronting the promotion of ethical and cultural progress, on no
account should we neglect the existence of these problems.
综合练习（一）
一、英译汉
　　WASHINGTON(Reuters) - Know your way around a
lock? Then the CIA wants you: "The Central Intelligence Agency is
seeking locksmiths to work with the best minds in the country while
performing a mission critical to our nation," the CIA said in a
recent job posting on its website, www.cia.gov .
　　Locksmiths, who in spy agency lingo are called
technical opera-tions officers, are needed for such tasks as to
"familiarize non-technical people with te do
hands- and travel worldwide."
Skill in making lock parts is an asset for prospective CIA
lock-smiths. "Knowledge of electronic and manual safe lock
servicing, electricity, and alarms is ideal. Knowing how to operate
machinery to fabricate lock parts and tools will be beneficial,"
the CIA job posting said.
参考答案：
(路透社)-你是否精通有关锁的技能？如果精通,美国中央情报局正想要你呢。“中央情报局正在物色锁匠,他们将与美国精英一道执行对国家至关重要的任务，”中央情报局最近在其网站www.cia.gov上贴的一则招聘通知上如是说道。
　　锁匠，用间谍机构的行话来说是技术性操作人员,需要他们做的是诸如“用他们的技能去教会外行人；做需要动手操作的工作；到世界各地去出差。”
　　拥有造锁技能是候选的中情局锁匠的资本。“熟悉电子及手动保险柜的维修、电路和警报系统的人是理想人选。熟悉如何操作机器来制造锁件和工具将有利于得到这份工作。
”CIA 招聘通知写道。
　　圣经在英语的发展过程中对英语的影响可谓深远。她不仅对英语的词汇的补充和习惯用语的形成功不可没，人们在日常交往中对其的引用更是无处不见。美国有位词汇学教授曾经说过，难以想象一个没有读过圣经的人能够学好英语。我们无意去讨论这位教授的话对错与否，但我们对圣经对于英语学习的作用却是肯定的。
参考答案：
The Bible has played a very important role during the
development of English. It has signficant impact on the formation
of the English vocabulary and English idioms. People quote the
Bible almost everywhere during their daily work and life. An
American lexicologist once said that it is hard to imagine one can
learn English well without reading the Bible. We are not discussing
whether what he said was true or not. However we are on the YES
side about the Bible's contribution to the language.
综合练习（二）
一、英译汉
　　If people mean anything at all by the expression
"untimely death", they must believe that some deaths run on a
better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called
untimely---a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the
passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay
ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.
　　History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths,
one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives
seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact
that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge
their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that
the life cut short is unfilled is illogical because lives are
measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their
intensity and virtue.&
参考答案：
如果人们藉“英年早逝”这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话，他们必然相信某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝，而另一些人则“死不逢时”。死于年迈很少被冠以“死不逢时”之名，因为能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。反之，如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之死，人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂，前途无可限量，生命的倒计时尚未真正开始。
　　当然，历史否定这一切。在诸多较为著名的“英年早逝”的情形中，我们会忆起玛丽莲·梦露与詹姆斯·迪恩斯之死，其生命的短暂丝毫无损于其生命的完整性。对于约翰·济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实，文人墨客们皆痛不欲生，但他们中仅有半数人诙谐地认为，设若他们也死于这一年龄，其一生可视为失败。视英年早逝为不圆满，这一观念有悖于逻辑，因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记，是生命的力度及其美德。
　　吸收外商直接投资，是中国对外开放基本国策的重要组成部分。二十多年来，随着改革开放逐步深化，中国吸收外资的规模和质量不断提高。截至2001年7月底，中国累计批准设立的外商投资企业37.8万家，合同外资金额7170.1亿美元，实际使用外资金额3728.3亿美元。
　　今年以来，外商来华直接投资继续保持良好势头。1-7月，共批准设立外商投资企业1.4万家，比去年同期增长18.2%；合同外资金额402.9亿美元，增长45.8%；实际使用外资金额242.1亿美元，增长21.7%。
参考答案：
FDI absorption constitutes an important component of China's
basic state policy of reform and opening up. As the reform and
opening up going into depth over the past two decades and more,
China has been constantly improving its FDI utilization in terms of
scale and quality. As of the end of July 2001, China had
cumulatively approved 378,000 foreign funded enterprises with a
contractual value of USD 717.01 billion, of which USD 372.83
billion had been actually paid in.
　　China has maintained a good momentum in its FDI attraction
since this year. January through July, 14,000 foreign-invested
enterprises were approved to establish, 18.2% higher than the
corresponding period of last year, the contractual value of foreign
investment grew by 45.8% to USD 40.29 billion and the actually
utilized value climbed by 21.7% to USD 24.21 billion.
综合练习（三）
一、英译汉
　　A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same
today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most
patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon
us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with
the same kindness: amusing and instructing us in youth, and
comforting and consoling us in age.
　　Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the
most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay,
but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which
are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors'
minds ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us
as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time
has been to sift out the bad products, for nothing in literature
can long survive but what is really good.
英译汉　(参考答案)　　
　　一本好书可以是一位最好的朋友。它往日如此，今日依旧如此，且永不改变。它是最具耐心、最令人愉快的友伴。当我们身处逆境或感到苦恼时，它不会背弃我们，总是以同样的和蔼态度接待我们：在我们年青时，它愉悦我们，教导我们；在我们年老时，它怡情我们，慰籍我们。
　　书籍具有一种不朽的特质。它们绝对是人类努力成果中最能持久的。神殿与雕像会腐朽，但书籍长存。时间无损于伟大的思想，直到今天，那些伟大的思想仍然与很久以前初次在作者脑海中闪现时一样新颖。作者当时所言所思，印刷成书，如今依然生动地向我们诉说。时间唯一的影响是淘汰不良的作品，只有真正好的作品，才能在文学领域里长存。
　　水稻是福建的主要粮食作物。福建120万公顷（300万英亩）可耕地中有100多万公顷（250万英亩）是稻田，在提高现有耕地单位面积产量上有很大潜力。通过改造中低产田、兴修水利、扩大灌溉面积以及推广先进农用技术等措施，可使每公顷产量提高1500公斤以上。
(参考答案)　　
　　 Rice is the staple food in Fujian. Of the 1.2 million
hectares (3 million acres) of arable land in the province, over one
million hectares (2.5 million acres) are paddy fields. There is
great potential for increasing the yield per unit area on the
existing cultivated land. The grain output per hectare can be
increased by more than 1,500 kg through upgrading the medium and
low yield land, intensifying water-control projects, enlarging
irrigated areas and spreading the use of advanced
agrotechnology.
综合练习（四）
一、英译汉
　　 Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into
Sudan. Driving southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a
landscape that owed little to the present era. For the next 1,800
miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile, flowing slowly north,
unwound over brown soil and green fields, some only a few yards
wide, others as broad as an Iowa cornfield. At the edge of the
fields, rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon,
lay the brown barren deserts. The road followed the course of the
Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line
separating them from the desert.
(参考答案)　　
　　尼罗河沿岸直到苏丹境内很远的地方，到处可以见到古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。从这里再往前一千八百英里，尼罗河像一条细细的蓝色丝带，缓缓流向北方，沿途穿过棕色的土地和绿色的田野，这田地窄的不过几码，宽的则赶得上美国伊阿华州的玉米地。田地外边是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方则平平地伸向地平线。公路是顺着尼罗河修筑的，有时穿过庄稼地，有时像是划的一条黑线，这边是庄稼，那边是沙漠。　　
　　在中国，最重要的节日是农历新年。由于它是依据农历而来，所以大约比阳历新年晚了一个月。传统上，中国新年节庆约持续一个月，但为了不让工作期间中断太久，现在都已缩短为一个星期左右。中国农历年和西方阳历年有些相似之处，譬如像大扫除、全家团圆。所有的债务都要还清，这样新年才有个新开始。与家人、朋友共享盛宴，街上有栩栩如生的舞龙舞狮表演。到处都听得到爆竹声。小孩子们收受装了钱的红包。
(参考答案)　　
　　 The most important holiday in China is the Lunar New Year.
Since it is based on the lunar calendar, it comes about a month
later than the Western New Year. The Chinese New Year season
traditionally lasts about a month . The period has now been reduced
to a week or less. There are some parallels with the Western New
Year: houses are cleaned thoroughly, for instance, and families all
get together for the festivities. All debts must be paid off so
that new year can be started with a fresh beginning. Feasts are
enjoyed with family and friends, and there are lively dragon and
lion dances in the streets. Everywhere there is the sound of fire
cracker explosions. Children receive gifts of little red envelopes
with money inside them.
3. 解析练习&
That old Greenspan magic seems to be fading
Larry Elliott
Monday May 10, 2004
For the best part of 20 years, Alan Greenspan has been a symbol
of the stupidity of ageism. He became chairman of the US Federal
Reserve at 61, when plenty of workers have already been tossed on
the scrapheap and many others are preparing to wind down for
retirement. His golden years in charge of the US economy were when
he was pushing 70 and he's still there aged 78. Greenspan is the
doyen of central bankers, still talked about in almost reverential
terms by his peers. The fact that the Fed chairman rarely gives
interviews and makes public pronouncements that are to economics
what Finnegans Wake is to literature only adds to the mystique.
It is, then, with some trepidation that the question has to be
asked: has Big Al finally lost the plot? At the start of last week,
Greenspan presided over a meeting of the Fed which kept interest
rates on hold at 1%, the level they have been pegged at for nearly
a year. A statement accompanying the decision said the risks to
inflation were balanced, which means the Fed thinks there is as
much chance of the cost of living going up as going down. On
Thursday, new joblessness claims in the US fell to their lowest
level in getting on for four years, and the picture of a recovering
labour market was underlined by Friday's non-farm payrolls which
showed an increase of 288,000, above what had been expected. The
economy is expanding at an annual rate of 4.5%, surveys of both
manufacturing and the service sector are strong, the housing market
is booming, inflation has started to pick up.
Hardly surprisingly, Greenspan's call on inflation is now coming
under the microscope, even by those on the Keynesian left who tend
to favour expansionary macroeconomic policies. "Show me something,
other than computers, where the price is falling," says Dean Baker
of the Centre for Economic Policy Research in Washington. Baker is
right. Clearly, risks to inflation are on the upside, and massively
so. The economy has been injected with a cocktail of three
growth-inducing drugs - negative real interest rates, a rising
budget deficit and a falling currency. Oil prices have touched $40
a barrel and the labour market is tightening. It is hard to believe
that Greenspan, a junkie for economic data no matter how seemingly
trivial, has not spotted all this. Rates in the US are far below a
neutral level, which would probably be around 5%, yet Greenspan is
in no hurry to act. 宋体'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"
lang=EN-US&
格老爷子的魔力似乎正在消失&&&
格林斯潘昔日的魔力似在消逝
拉里·艾略特著
在过去20年的大部分时间里，艾伦·格林斯潘代表了一种形象，他不断证明了“人老不中用”的说法是多么愚蠢。他61岁时当选为美联储主席，而大批工人到了这个年龄早就遭到遗弃，另一些人则考虑结束自己的工作生涯，为退休做好准备。格林斯潘将近七十岁的时候，才迎来了自己执掌美国经济的黄金岁月。如今他已78岁高龄，却依然稳居其位。他是央行银行家中的老资格，时至今日，同僚们一谈起他依然肃然起敬。这位美联储主席很少接受采访，也很少在公开场合发表自己的观点。他的这种作风更增添了自身的神秘感，就如同文学界《为芬尼根守灵》的神秘莫测一样，格林斯潘在经济学界也是个神秘莫测的人物。
虽然怀有敬畏之心，人们还是不禁要问：老谋深算的艾伦是否失算了？上周初，格林斯潘主持了一次美联储会议，决定将利率控制在1％的水平上，而这一水平已经保持了将近一年。随决定发布的一项声明指出，通货膨胀的风险处于平衡状态。这说明美联储认为，生活费用上涨或下降的几率大致相同。星期四公布的失业率已接近四年来的最低水平。劳动力市场正呈现出复苏景象，其原因是非农就业人数增加了288，000人，超过了人们的预期。美国经济以每年4.5%的速度增长。有关调查显示，制造业和服务业增长势头强劲，房产业日趋繁荣，通货膨胀已经开始显现。
在这样的背景下，格林斯潘处理通胀的方式受到百般挑剔也就不足为怪了。那些凯恩斯左派人士居然也加入了挑剔者的行列，而这些人平时却赞成扩张性宏观经济政策。华盛顿经济政策研究中心的迪安·贝克说：“除了计算机以外，难道还有别的东西在降价？”贝克是正确的。显而易见，通货膨胀的风险正呈上升趋势，而且上升幅度将会很大。美国经济已被注入了一副三合一增长剂，其中包括实际利率的降低、不断增长的预算赤字以及货币的贬值。石油价格已达每桶40美元，劳动力市场也在紧缩。无论这些数字显得多么微不足道，人们还是很难相信，像格林斯潘这样一位对经济数字如数家珍的老手，怎么可能对此视而不见？美国利率的中性水平大约在5％左右，而目前的利率则远远低于这一标准。然而，格林斯潘似乎并不急于采取任何行动。
※很难相信，格林斯潘这个对哪怕是看起来很细微的经济数据都不放过的数据迷，对这些居然没看见。
这位美联储主席很少接受采访，另外他公开发表在经济学界看来就如文学界看小说《为芬尼根守灵》一样感到高深莫测的看法，这就更增加了他的神秘感。
或：这位美联储主席很少接受采访，另外他公开发表的看法，在经济学界看来往往就如文学界看小说《为芬尼根守灵》一样感到高深莫测，这就更增加了他的神秘感。
在过去20年的大部分时间里，艾伦·格林斯潘代表了一种形象，他不断证明了“人老不中用”的说法是多么愚蠢。他61岁时当选为美联储主席，而大批工人到了这个年龄早就遭到遗弃，另一些人则考虑结束自己的工作生涯，为退休做好准备。格林斯潘将近七十岁的时候，才迎来了自己执掌美国经济的黄金岁月。如今他已78岁高龄，却依然稳居其位。他是央行银行家中的老资格，时至今日，同僚们一谈起他依然肃然起敬。这位美联储主席很少接受采访，也很少在公开场合发表自己的观点。他的这种作风更增添了自身的神秘感，就如同文学界《为芬尼根守灵》的神秘莫测一样，格林斯潘在经济学界也是个神秘莫测的人物。
虽然怀有敬畏之心，人们还是不禁要问：老谋深算的艾伦是否失算了？上周初，格林斯潘主持了一次美联储会议，决定将利率控制在1％的水平上，而这一水平已经保持了将近一年。随决定发布的一项声明指出，通货膨胀的风险处于平衡状态。这说明美联储认为，生活费用上涨或下降的几率大致相同。星期四公布的失业率已接近四年来的最低水平。劳动力市场正呈现出复苏景象，其原因是非农就业人数增加了288，000人，超过了人们的预期。美国经济以每年4.5%的速度增长。有关调查显示，制造业和服务业增长势头强劲，房产业日趋繁荣，通货膨胀已经开始显现。
在这样的背景下，格林斯潘处理通胀的方式受到百般挑剔也就不足为怪了。那些凯恩斯左派人士居然也加入了挑剔者的行列，而这些人平时却赞成扩张性宏观经济政策。华盛顿经济政策研究中心的迪安·贝克说：“除了计算机以外，难道还有别的东西在降价？”贝克是正确的。显而易见，通货膨胀的风险正呈上升趋势，而且上升幅度将会很大。美国经济已被注入了一副三合一增长剂，其中包括实际利率的降低、不断增长的预算赤字以及货币的贬值。石油价格已达每桶40美元，劳动力市场也在紧缩。无论这些数字显得多么微不足道，人们还是很难相信，像格林斯潘这样一位对经济数字如数家珍的老手，怎么可能对此视而不见？美国利率的中性水平大约在5％左右，而目前的利率则远远低于这一标准。然而，格林斯潘似乎并不急于采取任何行动。
文学赏析练习
1) 名著欣赏－雨果怒斥火烧圆明园
Victor&Hugo&Condemning&the&Burning&of&the&Winter&Palace&
Victor&Hugo,&1802---1885,&was&a&celebrated&French&literary&giant.&After&the&British&and&French&invaders&had&burnt&the&Winter&Palace&in&November,&1861,&he&wrote&a&reply&to&a&lieutenant&named&Bartlette(?),&denouncing&indignantly&the&Allied&atrocities.&An&extract&of&the&letter&follows.&
“Sir,&you&ask&me&what&I&think&of&the&expedition&to&China.&You&must&feel&that&it&was&praiseworthy,&well&done.&You&are&very&polite,&putting&a&high&premium&upon&my&feelings.&In&your&opinion,&the&expedition,&performed&under&the&joint&banner&of&Queen&Victoria&and&Emperor&Napoleon,&was&nothing&short&of&a&British-French&glory.&Therefore,&you&would&like&to&know&to&what&extent&I&appreciate&this&glory.”&
Since&you&ask,&I&will&answer&as&follows:&
In&a&corner&of&the&world&there&existed&a&man-made&miracle&---&the&Winter&Palace.&Art&has&two&sources:&one,&an&ideal,&whence&has&come&European&&two,&fancy,&whence&has&issued&Oriental&art.&The&Winter&Palace&belongs&in&the&art&of&fancy.&The&Winter&Palace,&indeed,&was&the&crystalisation&of&all&of&the&art&that&an&almost&superman&race&could&have&fancied.&The&Winter&Palace&was&a&hugescale&prototype&of&fancy&if&fancy&can&have&a&prototype.&If&only&you&can&imagine&an&ineffable&architectural&structure,&like&a&palace&in&the&moon,&a&fairyland,&that&is&the&Winter&Palace.&If&you&can&imagine&a&treasure-island,&a&pool&of&human&perceptive&power,&expressed&in&the&concrete&form&of&palaces&and&temples,&that&is&the&Winter&Palace.&It&took&two&generations&of&manpower&to&create&the&Winter&Palace,&which&subsequently&went&through&improvement&and&perfection&over&several&centuries.&For&whom&was&the&Winter&Palace&built,&after&all?&Eventually,&for&the&people.&Because&as&time&passes&by,&all&that&the&people&has&made&remains&in&the&possession&of&mankind.&Great&artists,&poets,&philosophers&---&they&all&knew&about&the&Winter&Palace.&Voltaire&(Francois&Marie&Arouet)once&talked&about&it.&Many&people&at&different&times&compared&the&Winter&Palace&to&the&Parthenon,&the&Pyramids,&the&Arena,&the&Notre&Dame.&If&they&could&not&see&the&Winter&Palace&with&their&own&eyes,&they&could&dream&about&it&---&as&if&in&the&gloaming&they&saw&a&breath-taking&masterpiece&of&art&as&they&had&never&known&before&---&as&if&there&above&the&horizon&of&European&civilization&was&towering&the&silhouette&of&Asian&civilization.&
Now,&the&miracle&is&no&more!&One&day,&two&pirates&broke&into&it.&One&of&them&went&&the&other&set&every&building&and&everything&in&it&all&abaze!&Judging&by&what&they&did,&we&know&that&the&victors&could&degenerate&into&robbers.&The&two&of&them&fell&to&dividing&between&themselves&the&spoils.&What&meritorious&feats&they&had&done!&What&a&heaven-sent&bonanza!&One&stuffed&his&pockets&full&to&&the&other&filled&in&his&trunck&chockfull.&Then,&hand&in&hand&they&made&off,&guffawing&gloatingly.&This&episode&reflects&the&history&of&the&two&brigands.&
Standing&before&the&tribunal&of&history&is&one&brigand&named&France&and&the&other&named&Great&Britain.&Against&both&I&protest.&Incidentally,&I&must&thank&yo}