A new parameterization for surface ocean light attenuation in Earth System Model
Title:A new parameterization for surface ocean light attenuation in Earth System Models: assessing the impact of light absorption by colored detrital material
Authors:; ;
Affiliation:AA(Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 301 Olin Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ), AB(Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 301 Olin Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA), AC(Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 301 Olin Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA)
Publication:Biogeosciences Discussions, Volume 12, Issue 5, 2015, pp. ()
Publication Date:03/2015
Bibliographic Code:
Light limitation can affect the distribution of biota and nutrients in
the ocean. Light absorption by colored detrital material (CDM) was
included in a fully coupled Earth System Model using a new
parameterization for shortwave attenuation. Two model runs were
conducted, with and without light attenuation by CDM. In a global
average sense, greater light limitation associated with CDM increased
surface chlorophyll, biomass and nutrients together. These changes can
be attributed to the movement of biological productivity higher up the
water column, which increased surface chlorophyll and biomass while
simultaneously decreasing total biomass. Meanwhile, the reduction in
biomass resulted in greater nutrient availability throughout the water
column. Similar results were found on a regional scale in an analysis of
the oceans by biome. In coastal regions, surface chlorophyll increased
by 35% while total integrated phytoplankton biomass diminished by 18%.
The largest relative increases in modeled surface chlorophyll and
biomass in the open ocean were found in the equatorial biomes, while
largest decreases in depth-integrated biomass and chlorophyll were found
in the subpolar and polar biomes. This mismatch of surface and
subsurface trends and their regional dependence was analyzed by
comparing the competing factors of diminished light availability and
increased nutrient availability on phytoplankton growth in the upper 200
m. Overall, increases in surface biomass were expected to accompany
greater nutrient uptake and therefore diminish surface nutrients, but
changes in light limitation decoupled trends between these two
variables. Understanding changes in biological productivity requires
both surface and depth-resolved information. Surface trends may be
minimal or of the opposite sign to depth-integrated amounts, depending
on the vertical structure of phytoplankton abundance.
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1994 Jan 7;269(1):300-7.Biosynthesis of heparan sulfate on beta-D-xylosides depends on aglycone structure.1, , , .1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham .AbstractWe have reported that 3-estradiol-beta-D-xyloside primes heparan sulfate synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells and that the proportion of heparan sulfate made rises with increasing concentration of xyloside (Lugemwa, F.N. and Esko, J.D. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, ). Using estradiol as a guide, we varied the structure of the aglycone and showed that beta-D-xylosides containing two fused aromatic rings efficiently prime heparan sulfate. Thus, 2-naphthol-beta-D-xyloside primed heparan sulfate at low dose (& or = 10 microM) and the proportion of heparan sulfate increased with concentration (up to 50% of total glycosaminoglycan). Various ring additions and heterocyclic ring substitutions altered the efficiency of heparan sulfate priming, but had no effect on the overall level of glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Replacement of the bridging oxygen with sulfur (2-naphthalenethiol-beta-D-xyloside) increased the efficiency of heparan sulfate priming. Priming of heparan sulfate correlated with hydrophobicity of the xyloside, but several exceptions suggested that the chemical structure of the aglycone played an equally important role. Interestingly, the heparan sulfate chains generated on 2-naphthol-beta-D-xyloside showed a 2-fold decrease in the proportion of disaccharides containing 6-O-sulfate groups and a striking diminution in non-sulfated iduronic acid containing disaccharides compared to the chains attached to cellular proteoglycans. Thus, both the type of glycosaminoglycan made on a xyloside and its fine structure depends on the aglycone.PMID: 8276811
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