The safe practice of anesthesia in developing countries. - Abstract - Europe PMC
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(PMID:7633349)
Cappello CS
Adkisson GH
[01 May ):91-95]
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Journal Article
Nurse anesthetists providing services in developing countries must be aware of the hazards inherent in such a mission. Proper planning and preparation are essential to insure safe, quality anesthesia care. Working co electrical supplies may be erratic, oxygen sources inconsistent, and up-to-date monitoring systems nonexistent. Medications and supplies will be limited, mandating conservation, reuse, and strict adherence to infection control procedures. Safe, reliable anesthesia delivery systems, preferably with the ability to scavenge waste anesthetics are required. Patients frequently have diseases endemic to the area and language barriers cause confusion and misunderstandings. The nurse anesthetist's role in these situations is multifaceted. This article describes how the nurse anesthetist must be creative, adaptable, and self-reliant to provide a high standard of anesthetic care and prevent mishaps in austere environments.
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Abstract (text)
Is endovascular repair the new gold standard for primary adult coarctation?
Primary adult aortic coarctation (PAAC) is an unusual cause of hypertension. The standard of care includes surgical repair, which can be associated with considerable morbidity and operative risk. Although balloon angioplasty has been successfully used in paediatric and adolescent patients with coarctation, little information exists regarding the endovascular repair of PAAC. This study examines the procedural safety and efficacy of endovascular repair of PAAC along with midterm outcomes.
Between January 2000 and July 2008, 16 patients underwent endovascular repair of PAAC. All patients were hypertensive with 13 patients (81.3%) receiving medical therapy. Symptoms included chest pain (n=11, 69%), progressive fatigue (n=5, 31%), exercise intolerance (n=4, 25%) and shortness of breath (n=3, 19%). Associated cardiac concerns included depressed ejection fraction (n=6, 38%), pulmonary hypertension (n=5, 31%), ascending aortic dilatation (n=5, 31%) and bicuspid aortic valve (n=4, 25%). Endovascular repair was achieved using a percutaneous femoral approach. Balloon angioplasty of the coarctation was performed prior to treatment using a balloon-expandable uncovered stent. Aortic diameters were assessed using intravascular ultrasound. Pre- and post-procedure pressure gradients were measured and success was determined as a residual pressure gradient across the treated aorta of less than 20 mmHg.
The male:female (M:F) ratio was 9:7 with a mean age of 39.7 years. Procedural success was 100%. Mean pre-procedural aortic diameter was 8.4mm (3-14 mm) and mean post-procedural aortic diameter was 16.3mm (10-20mm) (p=0.04). The mean pre-procedural pressure gradient was 48.3 mmHg (25-100 mmHg) and the mean post-procedural pressure gradient was 0.5 mmHg (0-15 mmHg) (p=0.05). Twelve patients received one stent, two patients received two stents, one patient received three stents and one other patient received a thoracic stent graft. The rate of paraplegia was 0% with no blood transfusions, strokes or deaths. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 72 months (mean=22.8 months). One patient required re-intervention with an additional stent 14 months following the initial procedure and all the patients remain symptom-free.
Endovascular repair of PAAC is safe and effective and compares favourably with open surgical repair. Midterm follow-up suggests that the treatment is durable and may be an alternative to surgical repair. Although this is the largest endovascular treatment series for PAAC reported to date, additional study and follow-up are needed.
[Pubmed - MEDLINE]
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丁香园旗下网站液体压强的疑惑1.压强的推倒公式：P液=F/S=G/S=mg/S=ρ液Vg/S=ρ液Shg/S=ρ液hg=ρ液gh过程中
问题描述：
液体压强的疑惑1.压强的推倒公式：P液=F/S=G/S=mg/S=ρ液Vg/S=ρ液Shg/S=ρ液hg=ρ液gh过程中有V=Sh,他是按容器是直柱体推倒的,那如果不是直柱体V=Sh不就不成立了吗?2.说液体压强只跟水深和液体密度有关,也就是说如果液面高相等（算他底面积也相等）,圆柱容器底部和圆台容器底部的压强就是一样的,可是为什么呢,圆柱那个容器明显比圆台那个多了一些水,这些水对于底部压强无关吗?谁能帮我解除疑惑的,最好能说详细点,其实我主要的疑惑就是为什么液体压强只跟水深和密度有关,而跟液体体积和重力无关呢?
问题解答：
1、这个问题要从小学学的乘法的意义讲起,乘法是连加法的简便运算,相信楼主已经明白.也就是说,对于V=SH这个体积计算公式,它的乘法意义是：H个面积为S的平面连续相加,就得到了体积.从中学的几何讲,就是：体是由面连续叠加堆积在一起形成的.所以对于公式V=SH来说,只有各个面的面积都相等,才能把连加法改写为乘法运算.如果各个面不相等,只能用加法一个一个地加了.也就是说,这个公式只适用于上下一般粗的直柱体.2、请参考楼上的回答.再举例如下：如果是上窄下宽的形状,则水的重力有一部份压在容器的侧面上,所以对底面的压强没有贡献.如果是上宽下窄的形状,则容器的侧面对水也有一个压力,这个压力被水传导到底面,增大了水对底面的压强.所以液体的压强确实只与密度和深度有关,与液体本身的重力和体积无关.
我来回答：
剩余:2000字
你老师没错,是你弄混了.一般说液体压强是液体对容器壁产生的压强,故只与密度和高度有关（即同一液体在同一高度对器壁产生的压力相同）与容器形状无关.固体压强指对接触面（如地面）的压强,两者概念不同.如像你所说,那一圆锥体底与尖朝地压强岂不一样? p=肉gh 是从原来那个压强公式特化出来的,当他被特化后,就对液体普适,而只对
p 压强f 力的大小s受力面积G 重力mg=G,rou水 水的密度,V水 水的体积 g 取9.8N\Kgh 液体到液面的高度 再问： 额，是大写的F
柱形物体才可以.
在《流体力学》中可以证明,流体静压强只是位置坐标x、y、z的函数,即 P=P（x,y,z）,在静止流体中同一点上来自不同方向的压强都相等,且垂直指向这一点.在重力场中,均质、不可压缩的平衡流体 P 的全微分为 dP=-ρgdz,积分得 P=-ρgz+C,C为积分常数,由边界条件确定,C=Po+ρgz0 代回上式得 P=
浮力公式没有问题,但F浮=G物=mg=ρ物gV排不对,应是F浮=G物=mg=ρ物gV物,这是指“漂浮着的物体受到的浮力等于物体的重量,”也等于等于物体排开液体的重量!
F 液压G 物体排开液体的重力m 物体排开液体的质量g 重力加速度常数 9.8N/kgp 液体密度V 物体排开液体的体积g的9.8N/kg是一个约数,可以取10N/kg,9.8更准确.
第一个问题：如果要求容器里的液体对容器底面的压强,所用的公式是P=F/S还是P=密度*gh~~都可以!第二个问题：一个物体在液体中是悬浮（或漂浮或沉在水底）那么把它切成两块之后,这两块如何变化?依旧悬浮或者沉底,不变!希望我的回答对您有帮助,祝好!工作顺利,学习进步哦!及时采纳,谢谢.
液体内部压强的计算公式.
P=F/S和P=肉gh所以F/S=ρgh得出F浮=ρghs=ρ·V·g=mg
F浮=G物V排变大,F浮也变大都没有错,当物体静止浮在液体上时,F浮=G物=所排出的液体的重量当潜艇从海面开始下潜,直至完全浸没,它受到的浮力是慢慢变大的.之所以还向海平面沉下去,是因为海水不断地灌进艇内,使潜艇下沉,G物也因此在不断变大,所以没有矛盾的.
长方体对水平地面压强：p= F S = G S = mg S = ρVg S = ρShg S =ρgh，由图可知，h 甲 ＞h 乙 =h 丙 ，且他们的密度相等，所以，p 甲 ＞p 乙 =p 丙 ．故选B．
P=F/S可以用来计算固体压强而P=pgh是用来计算液体压强,P=pgh也可以来计算固体压强,但固体必须是规则圆柱体、长方体和正方体才可以用这个公式.当装液体的容器不规则是,比如类似梯形的,必须用P=pgh计算液体压强
P=F/s 压强没有变形 再问： 公式就这一个么？ 详细的好不好 再答： 这个向上楼的要有特定场合——一定要是在水平面上，这样重力才会等于压力。如果这样变性就有不少了 P=G/s=mg/s再问： 液体内部压强及其变形公式？ 再答： 哦，液体就不一样了。P=p（密度）gh 这个公式在所有的规则形状体（正方体，长方体，圆柱
公式：①P=F/S②P=F/S=G/S=mg/S=ρShg/S[约分]=ρgh其中ρ是液体密度,h是液体深度————————————————————————————它们的区别在于它们受的力；算压强时用的公式；液体对容器底部的压强等于液体向容器各个方向施的力.【都是物体对物体作用的力.】
第一题楼上的已经说过了,我就说第二题2（1）因为球悬浮在水面上,所以求的重力等于球所受的浮力,即 F浮=G球=mg=0.27kg×10N/kg=2.7N（2）因为球悬浮在水中,则V排=V球,有阿基米德定律可得,V球=F浮/p水g=2.7N/（1000kg/m³×10N/kg）=2.7×10的-4次方m&sup
导数除法公式(u/v)'=(u'v-v'u)/(v^2) 因此：f(x)/g(x) 的导数公式为：[f'(x)g(x) -g'(x)f(x)]/(g^2(x))
（1）因为蜡烛是圆柱形，蜡烛对桌面的压强P= F S = G S = mg S = ρVg S = ρShg S =ρgh=0.8×10 3 kg/m 3 ×9.8N/kg×0.1m=784Pa，（2）F 浮 =G 蜡 +G 铅丝 ，设未燃烧时蜡烛的长度为h，燃烧至与水面相平时蜡烛的长度为h′，蜡烛的体积V=sh，未燃
因为液体的压强只与深度有关且液体在各个方向上都有压强与固体不同,只有当液体是规则容器（上下一样粗）时可以用固体压强公式 希望对你有点帮助
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p=ρgh公式适用于所以的液体容器吗?比如半圆型碗里的水,堵住口的漏斗内的油,通过p=ρgh的推导 p=G液/s =mg/s =ρvg/s 因为v/s=h 所以p=ρgh （也是从“知道”中查到） 但v/s=h不成立时,就如上面的两个例子,p=ρgh
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对任何容器都成立的.液体压强只与深度有关系.如果顺楼主的思路去考虑,要注意一点问题.所谓压强是针对某一处而言的.v/s=h这个公式也是相对某处而言.比如那只碗,你要是求碗底平面受的压强,就可以把碗底圈出来,模拟一个水柱,此时这个水柱满足v/s=h.总之要用到的s必然要是平的,如果不平,就应该有几处不同的压强值,而不同的地方用到不同的h值.不知这样解释得好不好.
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p=ρgh 里面的单位分别是什么
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∵P=F/S ∴P=G/S=mg/S ∵ρ=m/v ∴m=ρv ∴P=ρvg/S ∵v=Sh ∴P=ρShg/S ∴P=ρgh P是帕斯卡（Pa）ρ是kg/m^3h是mPS：ρ的单位一般是X*10^3 kg/m^3或者X g/m^3
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单位帕斯卡（Pa）ρ是密度
kg/m^3g：重力加速度
10N/kgh是高
单位 mρ的单位一般是X*10^3
kg/m^3或者X
p帕斯卡ρ千克/立方米g常数 牛顿/千克h米
p：帕斯卡，Paρ：千克每立方米，kg/m³g：米每二次方秒 ，m/s²h：米，m
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