本编文章主要内容：一、非谓语动词的分类、特征二、非谓语动词的时态和语态三、非谓语动词充当的句子成分四、补充知识点非谓语动词概述：英语中，动词具有两种形式：
1.谓语形式
2.非谓语形式动词的谓语形式必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，受主语的限定，因此又被称为动词的限定形式(Finite Forms of Verbs)。非谓语形式不受主语的限制，因此又被称为动词的非限定形式(Non-finite Forms of Verbs)。确切地讲，非谓语动词实际上指动词的非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式有三种：1.不定式(The Infinitive)，由to +动词原形构成，to 为不定式符号，并无实际意义。2.动名词(The Gerund)，由动词+ing构成。3.分词(The Participle)
1）现在分词（The Present Participle),由动词+ing构成
2）过去分词（The Past Participle),由动词+ed构成。非谓语动词具有以下特征：非谓语动词可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分，但唯独不能做谓语。非谓语动词具有各种形态：原形、主动语态、被动语态、进行时态和完成时态。非谓语动词具有动词的功能，如可以有自己的宾语，但不具有语法上的动词性质,如没有人称和数的变化。 例： Growing flowers is my hobby.
Thank you for helping us.
I hope to see you again.使用非谓语动词的条件：
在一个句子中，已经存在一个谓语动词，而又没有连词的情况下，其他的动词就需要使用非谓语形式。She got off the bus, __leaving_____(leave)her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but __left___ (leave) her handbag on her seat.1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般式。
He wanted to see you. 2. 强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用完成形式。
He is said to have written a novel.3. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用不定式的进行形式。
When I came in, he pretended to be reading a book. 4. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
The book is said to have been translated into English.1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
We are interested in climbing mountains.
I prefer singing to dancing.2.如果强调动名词的动作已经完成，要用完成形式。
He was praised for having passed the exam .3.如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，也要用完成形式。
He is proud of having been sent to work in Tibet .4.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词动作的承受者，这个动名词要用被动形式。
He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.如果强调一个被动的动作正在进行，要用分词的被动形式being done。Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter.The house being built now is a Hope Project School.如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Not having finished his homework,Tom was made to stay at school .Having closed all the windows ,I went home. Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy .-----------------------------------------------------------------------------非谓语动词的否定形式：所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是直接在其前面加上not.不定式的否定形式：not to do动名词的否定形式：not doing 现在分词的否定形式：not doing 过去分词的否定形式：not done动名词与不定式作主语时的区别1.对称原则:主语和表语对称
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.2.动名词做主语表示抽象的、经常性的动作，
不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作。 Climbing mountains is interesting.
To climb this mountain will take us two hours.3.不定式做主语，一般用it 当形式主语，而把不定式短语后置。
It will take us two hours to climb the mountain.固定句型:1.It’s no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + doing …
在暗淡的灯光下看书不好。
It is no good reading in dim light.2.It’s kind/wise/clever… of sb to do sth
It is very kind of you to help us.3.It’s important/necessary/hard …for sb to do sth
我们学好英语很重要。
It is very important for us to learn English well.不定式、动名词作宾语He chose not to go home this weekend.The manager desires to see you.My mother dislikes seeing you with me.He could hardly resist laughing.He is fond of playing tennis.动名词既可做动词宾语，也可做介词的宾语，而不定式只能做动词宾语。有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，而有的只能接不定式做宾语，有的既可接动名词也可接不定式做宾语，但意义不同。1.下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, consider, denyenjoy, escape, finish, complete, forgivekeep, mind, miss, risk, resume, recall,practise, prevent, resist, suggest, understandbe/get used to, devote oneself to,
look forward to, object to, prefer...to,refer to, pay attention to, stick to, lead to
这些词组里的to为介词，而非不定式符号。2.下列动词只能接不定式作宾语：afford ,agree ,attempt, aim, choosedecide, demand, desire, determine,expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage,offer, plan, pretend, prepare, promise,refuse, seem, tend, threaten, wish
3.在一些动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语，但含义有差别。forget ,remember, regret +doing 表示动作已经发生；+to do表动作未发生
want, need ,require + doing 表被动 = to be donetry doing试着做; try to do 尽力做，想要做stop doing 停止做某事stop to do
停下来做另一件事go on doing 继续做某事（前后是同一件事）go on to do
接下来做某事(前后不是同一件事)mean doing
意味着...,意思是...mean to do
故意或想要做某事 can’t help doing sth 抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’t help to do sth
不能帮忙做某事4..在 begin ,start ,continue 等词后可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，意义区别不大，但要注意：
1)这些动词本身是-ing 形式时，其后要接不
定式；
2)主语是物，多用不定式；
3)其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关
的，不用 v-ing形式,而要用不定式，如：
know, realize, hate, love,
understand , wonder, remember, forget---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------非谓语动词做宾语补足语可以接不定式做宾语补足语的动词常用的有：
ask, want, advise, allow, encourage, force,
forbid,like, order, permit, persuade, request,
require, tell, warn, urge, expect
这些词后均可接+sb. to do sth.的结构
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
My teacher advised me to do more exercises.常接分词做宾语补足语的动词有：have，keep, get, findsee, hear, watch, notice etc.I saw him working in the field yesterday.He kept the water boiling.I found my car missing.I will have my watch repaired.see, hear等词+sb.+do sth.与+sb.+doing的区别：前者强调动作的真实性、完整性，后者强调动作的连续性、进行性。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.强调“我看见了”这个事实。I saw him woking in the garden yesterday.强调我见他正在干活这个动作。---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------非谓语动词作表语1.不定式作表语（be to do): 按计划、趋势将要做的
She is to get married next week.有责任、义务必须做的
I’m to see you off at the airport tomorrow祈使、命令不得不做的
You’re to stand here ,do you understand ?命运安排,注定做的
Disney met the mouse and he was to become a famous artist. 2.动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换）
My job is teaching you English.
Teaching you English is my job.3.分词作表语表示主语的特点特征, 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动和完成。
The book is interesting.
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
She felt confused, even frightened.
The guests are gone.
做表语的分词，其实很多已经转化为了形容词。---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------非谓语动词作定语A. 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途
drinking water=the water that is (used )for drinking
drinking water, living room, sitting room, washing powder B. 分词作定语，表被修饰词的特点、特征. 单个分词作定语前置,分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后。
现在分词作定语表示正在进行和主动，过去分词作定语表示已经完成和被动。boiling water 正在沸腾的水boiled water
白开水（煮开过的水，可能是凉的）a retired worker
一位退了休的工人分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句：现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动关系：
Due to the many changes taking place in our way of life, people's way of thinking has also changed a lot. =Due to the many changes which take place in…过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系：
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
=Most of the people who were invited to the …C.动词不定式作定语1.后置，表示将来
This is the Hope Project School to be built next year.2.不定式与其所修饰的词之间可能是主谓或动宾关系：
The train to arrive is from London.
I have a lot of work to do .
I want to get something to read .
Do you need some water to drink?
3.当名词有特定的定语, 如形容词\副词的最高级,序数词及next, only, right等,其后接不定式作定语。
He is the first student to come and the last to leave.
Where is the best place to meet ?
We need the next room to hold corn.4.不定代词something, nothing, little, much等习惯上用不定式做定语。
There is nothing to worry about.5.如果动词要求用不定式做宾语，则它们相应的名词一般也要用不定式做定语,如：
decide to do, wish to do
His wish to buy a car came true.
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.6.不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词，这里的介词不能省略。
I need a pen to write with.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------非谓语动词作状语不定式做状语，表示原因,目的或结果。为了强调目的,可与in order to或so as to 连用。
I reached home only to find my old dog dead .
He got up early to catch the early bus .
To improve our English, we come here.
I’m so glad to see you.
They went to the railway station, only to be told that the train had left.
注：only + 不定式”常表示出乎预料的结果.分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、伴随或方式，及独立成分。分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用现在分词，反之，用过去分词。Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.（时间）Given enough time, I can do it better. （条件）Being ill, he didn’t go to school （原因）The glass fell to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)Our teacher came in, followed by many students (伴随）Generally speaking, one must be confident.(独立成分)}

在表示时间、地点、条件、方式（比较）或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语动词含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或其主语是it，那么从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（尤其是be动词）往往可以省略。使用这些省略结构可收到言简意赅之功效。（一）从属连词+名词例句：Though (he was) a young man,he has written three famous novels.虽然年轻，但他已经写了三本著名的小说了。例句：When (he was) still was a boy of six,Bob was sent away from home.鲍勃才六岁时就被送出家门。例句：As (she was) a child,she began to learn to play the piano.还是个孩子时，她就开始学习谈钢琴。（二）从属连词+形容词例句：When (they are) ripe,the grapes will be delicious.当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃。例句：Though (she was) young,she had to live on himself.虽然年纪轻轻，但她不得不养活自己。例句：He talked to the stranger as if (he were) absent-minded.他和陌生人谈话似乎很不在意。（三）从属连词+副词例句：Unless (you are) here,you can't find this kind of butterfly.除非在这里，其他地方找不到这种蝴蝶。例句：While (we were) there,we joined in voluntary labour on a project.我们一到那儿，就自愿参加了这项工程。（四）从属连词+介词短语例句：When (you are) in doubt,please consult a dictionary.有疑问的时候，就请查字典。例句：The waves dashed on the rocks as if (they were) in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像发怒一般。例句：While (I was) at college,I began to know him,a strange but able student.我在上大学时就开始认识他，他是一个奇怪但有能力的学生。（五）从属连词+不定式例句：He raised his hand as if (he were) to ask something.他举起手好像要问什么。例句：He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责，他也解决不了这个问题。（六）从属连词+动词的-ing形式例句：Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.过马路时要小心车。例句：Though lacking money,his parents managed to send him to university.虽然他的父母缺钱，他们仍然把他送入了大学。（=Though his parents lack money,they managed to send him to university.）例句：He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。（=He stared at me as if he had saw me for the first time.）注意！As在引导时间状语从句时，其后不能运用省略形式，此时用when、while替代。例句：When/While living in London,I picked up English.（不能用As）在伦敦居住期间，我学了一点英语。（七）从属连词+动词的-ed形式例句：When (it is) takenaccording to the directions,the drug has no side effects.按照说明服用，这种药就没有副作用。例句：When (it is) published,the novel will become one of the best-sellers of the year.一旦出版，这部小说将会成为该年度的畅销书之一。例句：She has finished the work earlier than (it has been) expected.这项工作比预期的提前完成。例句：Even if (I am) invited to,I won't go to such a bad concert.即使邀请我去，我都不想去听如此差的音乐会。例句：You should stay where you are,unless (you are) asked to leave.你应待在原地，除非叫你离开。例句：The boy wouldn't leave even though (he had been) asked to twice.尽管跟小男孩说过两次，但他还是不愿离开。（八）其他形式1）省略式的条件状语从句句型为if necessary、if possible、if true、if so、if not、if anyone、unless、once、as long as等词或短语后也运用省略形式。这种省略式的状语运用频繁，有的已经成了习惯表达法，被人们所熟知，而对于其完整的状语从句用的越来越少。例句：If (it is) necessary,we will buy a new car.如果有必要的话，我们会买一辆新车。例句：If (it is) possible,I'll travel to Denmark next month.如果可能的话，下个月我会去丹麦旅行。例句：He may be busy.If (it is) so,I'll call later.If (it is) not,can I see him now ?他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗？例句：If (it is) true,this will causeus a lot of trouble.如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。2）状语从句中的主语尽管与主句的主语不同，但如果是根据主、从句的对应关系判断，意思比较明确，同时，从句的谓语又含有动词“be”的某种形式，则可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分例句：There are a few simple safety measures to follow while (you are) training.训练时有几点简单地安全措施必须遵守。例句：We all expect to live where (the place is) not polluted.我们每个人都期望生活在一个未受到污染的地方。3）如果状语从句和主语都含有“there be”的某种形式或只有状语从句含有“there be”的某种形式，从句中的“there be”常常也可以省略例句：There are few,if (there are) any mistakes in that book.那本书就是有错误也不多。例句：We shouldn't lose heart as long as (there is) any hope with us.只要有一线希望我们就不能灰心。4）由than和as引导的比较状语从句，在意义明确的情况下，可省略than和as后面的任何部分例句：He works as fast as a skilled worker (does).他工作起来跟技术工人一样快。例句：I know you better than (I know) him.我对你比对他了解得更清楚。例句：In winter it's colder in Beijing than (it is) in Guangzhou.在冬天，北京比广州冷。以上就是“状语从句中省略”的内容，咱们一定要结合例句学习句法和语法，这样更容易理解和实操英语！后面有更多英语专题内容分享给大家，感兴趣的朋友可以点击“关注”。欢迎各位留言讨论，或者收藏，或者转发给身边的亲朋好友，大家一起学习、共同进步。学好英语并不难，听说读写重复练！坚持就会有提高，加油！}