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【图文】Hydrothermal synthesis of novel SnO2 nanoflowers and their gas-sensing properties
图片(Hydrothermal synthesis of novel SnO2 nanoflowers and their gas-sensing properties)
图片(Hydrothermal synthesis of novel SnO2 nanoflowers and their gas-sensing properties)
MaterialsLetters104(
ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirect
MaterialsLetters
journalhomepage:/locate/matlet
HydrothermalsynthesisofnovelSnO2nanoflowersandtheirgas-sensingproperties
MingyuWu,WenZengn,YanqiongLi
CollegeofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,ChongqingUniversity,Chongqing400030,China
articleinfo
Articlehistory:
Received28January2013Accepted4April2013
Availableonline12April2013Keywords:SnO2
CrystalgrowthFunctionalEthanolGassensors
Self-assemblyofone-dimensionalnanoscalebuildingblocksintofunctional2Dor3Dcomplexsuper-structureshasstimulatedagreatdealofinterest.Incurrentwork,usingthehydrothermalmethodandreagentofhexamethylenetetramine(HMT),wesynthesizetheSnO23Dhierarchicalnanostructureswithanaveragediameterof200–400nm,whichexhibitflower-likearchitecturesassembledbynumerousone-dimensionaltetragonalprismnanorods.FurthercomparativestudiesdemonstratethattheHMTprovidesnucleationsitesfortheassemblingofthenanorods,whichplaysacrucialroleinproducingsuchuniqueflower-likearchitectures.Meantime,anovelgrowthmechanismisproposedindetail.Inproperty,thepreparedSnO2nanoflowersshowexcellentgas-sensingperformancestoethanolof50ppmatanoptimaltemperatureaslowas2501C.Suchuniquearchitecturesmayopenupanavenuetofurtherenhancethegas-sensingperformancesofSnO2nanostructuresforfuturesensorapplication.
&2013ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.
1.Introduction
Asadirectwidebandgapn-typesemiconductor,tinoxide(SnO2)hasreceivedconsiderableattentioninbothfundamentalstudiesandpracticalapplicationsduetouniquepropertiessuchasphotocatalysis,gas-sensingetc.[1,2].Sincemanyfundamentalphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofsemiconductormaterialsrelynotonlyonthecompositionbutalsoonthestructure,phase,shapeandsize,synthesisofnano-ormicro-sizedmaterialswithatunableshapeormorphologyhasbeenthesubjectofinsensitiveresearch[3–5].Recently,numerousstudieshavedemonstratedthatmaterialswithlargesurfacearea,efficientcatalyticactivity,andstructuralstability,suchasthree-dimensional(3D)nanos-tructures(e.g.,nanospheres[6],nanopyramids[7],nanoaloes[8],andnanoflowers[9]),exhibitenhancedgas-sensingperformanceincomparisonwithconventionalbulkmaterialsorthinfilms.Greateffortshavebeenfocusedontheintegrationofnanorods/nanowires/nanosheetsasbuildingblocksinto3Dcomplexsuper-structures.These3Dhierarchicalnanostructuresareconsideredtobethemosteffectiveandpromisingcandidatesduetotheirporousnanostructurescomposedbytheadjacentbuildingblocks.Therefore,asignificantchallengingworktodevelopfacile,solu-tion-based,andshape-controlledself-assemblyroutesfortheformationofSnO2complexarchitecturesfrom1Dnanocrystals.
Inthispaper,wereportthefacilesynthesisofuniqueSnO2nanoflowersassembledfromnanorodsviatheHMT-assistedhydrothermalprocess.Basedoncomparativestudies,thepossibleformationmechanismwasdiscussedindetail.Finally,theirgas-sensingpropertieswereinvestigatedtoo.Theas-synthesizedSnO2nanoflowersexhibitahighgas-sensingactivityforethanol.2.Experimental
Allchemicalsareanalyticalgradeandusedasreceivedwithoutfurtherpurification.Typically,20mldeionizedwater,20mlabso-luteethanol,0.4gSnCl4?5H2O,0.5gNaOH,andHMT(30mM)weremixedwithvigorousstirring.Thenthemixturewastrans-ferredintoateflon-linedstainlesssteelautoclave(50ml),sealedandmaintainedat1801Cfor24h.Aftertheheatingtreatment,autoclavewascooledtoroomtemperaturenaturally.TheproductofSnO2nanoflowerswasobtained.
Theingredientsandmicrostructuresoftheas-synthesizedproductswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD)withaRigakuD/Max-1200diffractometryemployingCuKαradiationoperatedat30kVand100mAandNova400NanoFESEM,respec-tively.Thegassensingpropertiesweremeasuredusingacom-puter-controlledsensingsystem(HW-30A,HanweiElectronicsCo.Ltd.)undertheladconditions.Inthispaper,therelativeresponse(S)ofthesensorwasdefinedasS 1/4 Ra/Rgatreductiveatmosphere,whileasS 1/4 Rg/Raatoxidativeatmosphere,whereRa,Rgwereresistancesinairandtestedgas,respectively.Theresponseandrecoverytimeweredefinedasthetimeforreaching90%ofthefullresponsechangeofsensorfromthemaximumanddroppingto10%ofthemaximum,respectively.
Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+.E-mailaddress:wenzeng@(W.Zeng).
X/$-seefrontmatter&2013ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.君，已阅读到文档的结尾了呢~~
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