did+she+do+homework+her+not+holiday+last+以mysummerholiday连词?


定语从句that的用法
  “定语从句,是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。在英语中,定语从句主要通过关系代名词法构成。下面是小编整理的定语从句that的用法,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
  (一)定语从句that的用法
  that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。
  一、that指代某物事时
  1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:
  We'll do allthatwe can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
  我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。
  There is muchthatI wan to tell you.
  我有很多想要告诉你的话。
  Is there anythingthatI can do for you?
  有什么我可以帮你的吗?
  2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:
  You can borrow any bookthatyou want to read in our school library.
  在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。
  3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
  This is the most beautiful citythatI've ever seen.
  这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。
  4.先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如:
  This is the very factorythatthey visited last summer holiday.
  这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。
  This is the only painting in this stylethatwe have.
  这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。
  5.先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:
  He talked happily of the writer and his booksthatinterested him.
  6.先行词前有the same修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:
  This is the same pursethatI lost yesterday.
  这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。
  注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:
  This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
  这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
  7.先行词为数词时。
  Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the twothatyou bought me for my birthday.
  瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
  8.如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:
  They built a factory which produced thingsthathad never been seen.
  他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。
  9.以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。
  Which is the busthatyou will take?
  你要乘的是哪一班车?
  10.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:
  My hometown is no longer the placethatit used to be.
  我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。
  11.关系代词在there be句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:
  This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
  这是有史以来最快的列车。
  二、that指代某人时。
  1.泛指某人时。如:
  He is a manthatis never at a loss.
  他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。
  2.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:
  Who is the personthatis talking with our headmaster?
  和我们校长说话的那人是谁?
  3.先行词前有the same时。如:
  This is the same manthatgave us a talk last year.
  这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。
  4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:
  He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
  他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
  另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:
  I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
  我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
  Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
  这就是他们开会迟到的.原因吗?
  We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
  我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。
  This is the first timethatI have been abroad for traveling.
  这是我第一次到**去旅游。
  (注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)
  当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句,that常可以省略。
  I don't the way you speak to her.
  我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。
  (二)特殊情况:
  只能用that的情况,
  先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时;
  先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;
  先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时;
  先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
  先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时;
  先行词有人又有物时;
  当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
  不能用that的情况
  介词前置时;
  非限定性定语从句中
  先行词本身是that
  多用who,不用that的情况
  先行词为anyone,one,ones时;
  先行词为those,he和people时;
  这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在从句中所起作用如下:
  (1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
  (2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
  (3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语)
  注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。
  2,which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which)
  (用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
  (1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)
  (2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
  注:which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略;that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom来代替。
  2、whose
  (只用作定语)
  “whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)
  例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲)
  He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)
  关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语。
  1. that既可**事物也可**人,“which”**事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从句省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]
  2.如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有的则放在它前面的位置。
  3. **物时的that常被省略;
  c)被形容词最高级修饰时;既有人又有物时;
  e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“why”时。
  (三)特定选择
  关系词
  1、只用that不用which
  1)当先行词是序数词或被序数词、最高级,关系词用that。
  2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。
  3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that。
  4)当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that。
  5)当先行词为something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代词时用that。
  2、只用who不用that
  1)如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who
  2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时。
  3、只用which不用that
  1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which。例:This is the one of which I'm speaking。
  2)非限定性定语从句,用which。
  3) 描述句中一般用which。例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years。
  4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best。
  5)先行词本身是that时,用which。
定语从句that的用法扩展阅读
定语从句that的用法(扩展1)
——定语从句who的用法
定语从句who的用法
  定语从句who的用法例子已经为大家准备好啦,大家可以参考以下是知识点,了解定语从句who的用法!
  一、who在定语从句中用法
  先行词为anyone,one,ones时;
  先行词为those,he和people时;
  这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在从句中所起作用如下:
  (1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
  (2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
  (3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的.英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语)
  注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。
  2,which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which)
  (用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
  (1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)
  (2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
  注:which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略;that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到 that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom来代替。
  二、英语定语从句中who和whose的用法
  whose在从句中作定语,后面必须有名词;who作主语或宾语.
  The book (whose cover is blue) is mine.封皮是蓝色的那本书是我的.
  The man who is in white is my father.穿白色衣服的那个人是我爸爸.(主语)
  The man who/whom you talked to just now is my father.刚才跟你说话的那个人时我爸爸.(宾语)
  The man to whom you talked just now is my father.(句中whom不可用who,两个都可做宾语,但前面有介词时不能用who,只能用whom.)
  三、who引导的定语从句用法
  一、 who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。如:The student who is answering the question is John. 正在回答问题的.那个学生是约翰。
  Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
  二、 who是主格,在定语从句中作主语,此时不能省略。如:The person who was here yesterday is a musician. 昨天来这儿的那个人是位音乐家。
  但在非正式英语中,who亦可作宾语,且可以省略。如:The man(who)I saw just now is Mr Li. 我刚才见到的那个人是李先生。
  三、 在定语从句中,who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。如:Do you know the boy who is standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗?
  四、 若先行词中既有人又有物,关系代词用that而不用who。如:He watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和箱子。
  五、 若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰,关系代词用that而不用who。如:Yao Ming is the best basketball player that I know. 姚明是我知道的最好的篮球运动员。
  Tom is the first boy that left the room. 汤姆是第一个离开这个房间的男孩。
定语从句that的用法(扩展2)
——the way定语从句用法
the way定语从句用法
  在外面学习英语的过程中,在使用the way时应该如何作定语从句呢?下面是小编分享给大家的the way定语从句用法,希望对大家有帮助。
  the way定语从句用法 篇1
  the way定语从句用法
  如果the way在定语从句中作状语则用that/in which引导定语从句,关系词也可以省略.
  如作主、宾、表则用that或which.
  一、定语从句的概念
  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
  二、定语从句的关系词
  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
  三、定语从句的分类
  根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
  四、关系代词的用法
  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
  The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
  2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
  The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
  3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
  The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
  Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
  注意:
  (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
  This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的'这本英文小说。
  (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
  This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
  (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
  The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
  (4)关系词只能用that的情况:
  a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
  He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
  b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
  c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
  This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
  d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
  e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
  Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
  f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
  (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
  a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
  What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
  b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
  This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
  c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
  Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
  五、关系副词的用法
  (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
  This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
  (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
  This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
  (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
  the way定语从句用法 篇2
  (一)the way作先行词,后接定语从句
  以下3种表达都是正确的。例如:“我喜欢她笑的样子。”
  1. the way+ in which +从句:I like the way in which she smiles.
  2. the way+ that +从句:I like the way that she smiles.
  3. the way + 从句(省略了in which或that):I like the way she smiles.
  上述句子都正确,意思也完全相同。但是,the way之后用in which引导的定语从句最为正式;省略了that或in which是最自然、最常用的表达;然而,the way之后用that引导定语从句,最不常见。
  注意,在先行词the way之后不用how。因为引导定语从句的关系词是that而不是how,因此,《现代英语惯用法词典》中所给出的下面两个句子是错误的:
  This is the way how it happened.
  This is the way how he always treats me.
  (二)the way的语义
  1. the way=as(像)
  Please do it the way I’ve told you.请按照我告诉你的那样做。
  I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own.我和你说话就像和自己孩子说话一样。
  Plant need water the way they need sun light.植物需要水就像它们需要阳光一样。
  2. the way=how(怎样,多么)
  No one can imagine the way he misses her.没人能够想象出他是多么想念她!
  I want to find out the way a volcano has formed.我想弄清楚火山是怎样形成的。
  He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。
  That’s the way she speaks.她就是那样讲话的。
  3. the way=according as (根据)
  The way you answer the questions, you must be an excellent student.从你回答问题来看,你一定是名优秀的`学生。
  The way most people look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster.从大多数人看你的目光中,你就知道垃圾工在他们眼里是怪物。
  The way I look at it, it’s not what you do that * so much.依我看,重要的并不是你做什么。
  I might have been his son the way he talked.根据他说话的样子,好像我是他的儿子一样。
  One would think these men owned the earth the way they behave.他们这样行动,人家竟会以为他们是地球的主人。
  The boy must be a stranger here, the way he looks into the shop windows.根据男孩向商店橱窗张望德样子,看来他一定是这里的陌生人。
  4.the way=because(因为)
  No wonder that girl looks down upon me, the way you encourage her.难怪那个女孩看不起我, 原来是你怂恿的。
  How silly she is, the way she asks questions about this and that!她不断地问这问那,显得好不愚蠢!
  5. the way=that(引导名词性从句)
  It was boring the way he kept complaining to his wife.他一直向他妻子抱怨令人心烦。
  It was shameful the way she was treated. 她竟然受到那样的对待,太不象话了。
  It's a crime the way he bullies his children. 像他那样欺负自己的孩子真缺德。
定语从句that的用法(扩展3)
——whose定语从句用法
whose定语从句用法
  定语从句是英语中的最重要语法项目之一,是必须掌握的英语技能,也是学生学习的重点和难点。以下是小编为大家整理的whose定语从句用法,希望能帮到大家!
  whose定语从句用法1
  1、whose用作关系代词时,它并不表示“谁的”,而是表示“……的……”,在具体语境需要灵活处理。如:
  He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。
  The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。
  You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他听从劝告的人。
  2、不要以为whose引导定语从句时,其先行词一定是指人的.名词,其实也可以是指事物(包括动物)的名词。如:
  It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛,名字我忘了。
  Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。
  3、whose 不仅可以引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。如:
  My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾气不稳定,常常在狗展上咬裁判。
  One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 其中一位英国人被送往医院。他的身份还没有透露。
  Now was not the time to start thinking of mother, whose death had so distressed me. 现在还不是开始想念母亲的时候。她的逝世曾令我极度痛苦。
  4、引导定语从句的“whose+名词”,有时可换成其他结构,注意词序的变化。比较:
  破了窗户的那座房子是空的。
  正:The house whose windows are broken is empty.
  正:The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
  正:The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
  正:The house with broken windows is empty.
  5、根据语境的需要,whose 前可以使用语义需要的介词。如:
  I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我要感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我不会走到今天这一步。
  Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月东南亚的部分地区受到洪水侵袭,现在人们仍在遭受洪水带来的影响。
  1、备考主语从句应注意以下三点
  一是从句作主语,主句谓语动词用第三人称单数;
  二是主语从句通常用it作形式主语,尤其是在It is +名词 / 形容词 / 过去分词+that…中,或在It seems / happens that…中,或疑问句中;
  三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句一般不用形式主语。
  2、备考宾语从句应注意以下四点
  一是介词后(except等除外)一般不跟that引导的宾语从句,但可接疑问词引导的宾语从句;
  二是在that引导的宾语从句后若还有补语时,要用it作形式宾语,而将that从句置于补语之后;
  三是当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时,若宾语从句要表示否定意义,往往要通过否主句来实现,即所谓否定转移;
  四是虽然引导宾语从句的that有时可以省略,但若宾语从句前有插入语或有间接宾语时,that不能省略;that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后或者在“形式宾语it+宾补”之后时也不能省略;that从句单独回答问题时,that也不能省略。
  3、备考表语从句应注意以下三点
  一是除that, whether和疑问词外,as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句;
  二要注意“that’s why+结果”以及“that’s because+原因”的区别;
  三是注意the reason (why / for…) is that…句式。
  whose定语从句用法2
  WHOSE也可以引导定语从句,它相当于前面说的关系代词的所有格形式。
  例:She has an uncle . His name is Peter.
  =She has an uncle whose name is Peter.
  I like that house . Its location is good to me.
  =I like that house whose location is good to me.
  "WHOSE"引导定语从句的三原则:
  a. whose 前要有先行词
  b. whose 后的名词要做定语从句的主语或宾语
  c. 否则whose前应有介词,且该介词也可移至定语从句的句尾
  以上可知whose引导定语从句的用法和其他关系代词的用法相似。
  例:I hate John,whose words are seldom true.(本句中,whose words 前有先行词John,且本身做定语从句的主语)
  I hate John,whose words I have no trust.(错) (本句虽有先行词,但whose words 无法直接做trust的宾语,所以要稍加改正)
  改正:I hate John,whose words I seldom trust in.(对)
  附一:关系代词引导的定语从句
  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
  1、who指人,在从句中做主语
  The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
  2、whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
  Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.
  【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
  The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
  3、which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
  Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
  4、that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
  The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
  5、whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
  He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
  whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替:
  The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
  =The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.
  Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
  =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
  (注意:the + 名词 + of which/whom常考!)
  附二:介词+关系代词whom/which引导的定语从句(重点)
  关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导:
  The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
  =The school in which he once studied is very famous.
  【注意】
  1、含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等
  (1)This is the watch which/that I am lookingfor.(T)
  (2)This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F)
  2、若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
  (1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
  (2)The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)
  3、“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代词或者数词,构成some of which/whom等类似结构引导的定语从句。(重点:常考!)
  (1)He loved his parents dee*, of whom both are very kind to him.
  (2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
  (3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
  在特定语境中,可以用“介词+ whose/where”引导定语从句
  The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.
定语从句that的用法(扩展4)
——in which 定语从句
in which 定语从句
  关键是看定语从句中缺少时间状语还是地点状语。以下内容是小编为您精心整理的in which 定语从句,欢迎参考!
  你的问题中提到的in which是属于“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句.
  关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词 + 关系代词(只用 whom /which)引导
  The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
  = The school in which he once studied is very famous.
  Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
  = Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
  We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
  = We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
  1.in which可以等于when,也可以等于where,但不会等于why.
  关键是看定语从句中缺少时间状语还是地点状语.
  2.例如:
  1)I'll never forget these days in/during which I stayed with you.
  = I'll never forget these days when I stayed with you.
  我永远不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子.
  其中:in/during which I stayed with you = when I stayed with you
  = I stayed with you in/during which = I stayed with you in/during these days
  2)This is the city in which I stayed last year.
  = This is the city where I stayed last year.
  这就是那个去年我待的地方.
  其中:where I stayed last year = in which I stayed last year
  = I stayed in which last year = I stayed in the city last year.
  3.另外,有的in which找不到合适的关系副词代替.
  如:I dislike the way in which you treat me.
  我不喜欢你对待我的方式.
  其中:in which you treat me = you treat me in which
  = you treat me in the way
  4.for which = why
  如:Can you tell me the reason why you were late?
  = Can you tell me the reason for which you were late?
  你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗?
  其中:why you were late = for which you were late
  = you were late for which = you were late for the reason
  in which用于定语从句,作关系代词,在句中要做成分
  in which用于定语从句,作关系副词,在句中不做成分,in which=where
  in which只搜索能用在定语从句中,等于where,在定语从句中作状语。
  如:He lived in the house in which tomonce lived.
  定语从句中如
  This is the room in which we stayed
  先行词是room,后的句子是用来修饰room的
  但是room不可做stay的成分,因为stay是不及物动词,后不可直接家宾语,所以要有个介词.
  其实上述的句子
  This is the room which we stayed in.
  这里的介词是可以提到which前的
  定语从句in which等的用法
  in which,forwhich,onwhich,atwhich的不同用法
  这些都是定语从句里面,由which引导的定语从句,介词提前。
  which在定语从句中只作主语,宾语,表语,修饰物
  when,where在定语从句中只作状语,分别作地点状语和时间状语.
  如定语从句中缺少句子成份,即,主,宾或表语缺其中任意一项,先行词又是表物的名词或代词,定语从句的关系词就用which
定语从句that的用法(扩展5)
——关系副词Where在定语从句中的用法
关系副词Where在定语从句中的用法
  关系副词where在定语从句中的用法是定语从句中常考的一个难点。下面是小编整理的关系副词Where在定语从句中的用法,希望对你有所帮助。
  先行词表示地点,不一定都用Where引导定语从句
  一般来说,英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念:在定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地点的名词(如place等),就用关系副词where引导定语从句。这种理解有一定的道理,比如下面这个句子:
  1. If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still
questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.
  如果还有人对**是否是一个一切皆有可能的国家心存怀疑,还有人怀疑**奠基者的梦想在我们所处的时代是否依然鲜活,还有**疑我们的****的力量,那么今晚,这些问题都有了答案。
  这句话节选自**总统胜选演说。我们看到,这里的`place后面的定语从句是由关系副词where来引导。但是,如果认为只要先行词是表示地点的名词,则一定要用where来引导定语从句,那就大错特错了。比如,在2006年上海高考英语中有这样一道选择题:
  2. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
  A. where B. when C. which D. what
  我们看到,places在这里表示地点,但如果据此就认为空格处应填入where,那就错了。原因是什么呢?因为空格后接的是谓语would have taken,所以空格处待填入的关系词在从句中充当的应该是主语成分,而关系副词where不能作主语,因此,此处不能填入where。其实,该空格处应该填入which来充当主语,正确选项为C。
  由此可见,“当先行词是表示地点的名词时,要用where来引导定语从句”的说法是片面的,它忽略了一个大前提——关系副词where在定语从句中必须作状语。也就是说,用关系副词where引导定语从句需要满足两个前提条件:一是先行词是表示地点的名词;二是关系词在定语从句中作状语。因此,“先行词是表示地点的名词”与“用where引导定语从句”不可以互推,它们之间的关系如下图所示:
  先行词表示地点,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句
  当先行词表示地点时,如何判断是否应该使用where来引导定语从句呢?这就得分析定语从句的句法结构了。如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语,而是缺少地点状语,便用where来引导;如果定语从句不缺少状语,而是缺少主语或宾语,则要用关系代词(which或that)来引导,以补足定语从句中所缺失的主语或宾语。请比较下例中的两个句子:
  3. a. This is the town which I wanted to visit most.
  这就是我曾经最想参观的城镇。
  b. This is the town where I was born.
  这就是我出生的城镇。
  在a和b两个句子里,尽管先行词都是表示地点的名词town,但引导定语从句的关系词却不同。在a句中,由于定语从句中谓语部分的动词visit缺少宾语,因此填入的关系词要充当它的宾语,故用关系代词which。在b句中,定语从句“I was born”不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where,这里where充当地点状语,修饰was born。
  我们也可以用另一种方法来判断是否应该使用where引导定语从句:将包含定语从句的复合句还原成两个简单句,然后通过分析句子成分来进行判断。例如,我们把上面的a句与b句还原成两个简单句,得到的是:
  a. This is the town and I wanted to visit it most.
  b. This is the town and I was born there.
  在a句中,town被代词it替代后在visit后边充当宾语,所以改成定语从句时要用关系代词which来替换it,以充当定语从句的宾语;而在b句中,town变成了副词there,充当地点状语,修饰was born,所以改成定语从句时自然要用关系副词where来替换there,以充当地点状语。
  我们再来看其他相关例句,以便更加深入地理解where的用法:
  4. Literature is the place where the past meets the present to contemplate the future.
  在文学作品里,过去与现实交汇,以思考未来。
  这里,先行词place表示地点,而且定语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,需要的是一个地点状语修饰meets,因而,此处用where来引导定语从句。
  5. In fact, there are now so many deer that some are being sent to places which would like to return this kind of deer to the wild.
  事实上,现在鹿群数量过多,以至于有些鹿被送到能使其回到野外的一些地方。
  这句话中,先行词places是表示地点的名词,但是由于定语从句中缺少主语,所以我们用关系代词which来引导,而不使用关系副词where来引导。
  因此,在先行词是表示地点的名词的前提下,需要分析定语从句的句子成分才能断定是用什么关系词来引导。当定语从句缺乏状语时,用关系副词where来引导;如果从句缺少的是主语或宾语,则用which、that等关系代词引导。
  根据上文讲述的判断原理,在解这一类与定语从句相关的题目时,我们可以首先看先行词是否是表示地点的名词,然后再根据定语从句中缺少的成分来选择合适的引导词。为了让大家更加熟练地掌握这一考点,笔者再列一道例题,供大家实战演练。请看下面这道题:
  6. I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place ____.
  A. where I’d like to visit B. in which I’d like to visit
  C. I most want to visitD. that I want to visit it most
  本题考查定语从句的关系词选择。首先我们先看先行词。先行词是表示地点的名词place,初步确定引导词在关系副词where和关系代词(which或that)中选择。然后我们再看从句所缺少的成分。这道题的从句“I’d like to visit/I most want to
visit”所缺少的成分应该是宾语,因而不能使用关系副词where引导,需要用关系代词which或that引导。所以,首先排除A。B选项的in
which是“介词+关系代词”的形式,其用法与关系副词一样,因而排除B。而D选项的that与it都是指代place,二者意义重复,因而也不正确。正确选项是C,这里相当于省略了关系词that或which。该句要表达的意思是:我从未到过**,但**却是我最想去的地方。
定语从句that的用法(扩展6)
——定语从句用which的用法
定语从句用which的用法
  关系代词which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。另外“介词+which”具有替代作用,十分常见。下面是小编帮大家整理的定语从句用which的用法,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
  学英语,一大痛点在定语从句,which就是痛中之痛之一。
  定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。定语从句是定语的一种,特殊之处在于采用了从句的形式,位于被修饰的名词或代词之后,往往拖得比较长,惹人心烦。拖得再长,定语从句也是定语,是用来修饰某名词或代词的,地位谈不上有多高。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词就是所谓的先行词,先行词要先行,位于定语从句之前。
  定语从句既然是从句,就是一个句子,一定要有句子主干,也就是说,一定要有谓语动词。有的选项定语从句中没有谓语动词,动作由非谓语动词表示,就是错的。
  定语从句既然是从句,就是从属于主句的,一定要由关系代词或关系副词引导,把自身的谓语动词**性取消,保证主句谓语动词地位不动摇。有的选项定语从句没有关系代词或关系副词,直接上谓语动词,也是错的。
  which是定语从句的关系代词之一。GMAT语法考试限定,which有且仅有两种用法。
  一,which前面有逗号,逗号前面是个名词,which就近指代那个名词。
  (1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.
  which就近指代photos,定语从句中谓语动词did not cheer (Pea up)的发出者即从句主语即先行词photos,是photos没让豌豆家属高兴起来。
  (2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.
  which就近指代photos,photos是定语从句中的宾语,把定语从句还原成一个完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.
  可以看到,上面两个句子都可以以that为关系代词改写,即
  (1)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.
  (2)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.
  改写与原版区别在哪儿?就在一个逗号。which前面是名词,名词和which之间没逗号的,在GMAT语法里算错。
  二,which前面是介词,介词前面是名词,which就近指代介词前的那个名词,名词和介词之间有无逗号均可。
  Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.
  这个句子可以“拆”成如下两句:(每个定语从句都可以拆成两句,以先行词为拆分点)
  Tankfield once lent Pea a book. Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.
  先行词实际上是定语从句中介词的宾语,这时,需要把介词提前,避免如下表达:
  Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)
  Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)
  上中学的时候学过,which引导的定语从句叫“非限制性定语从句”,是不是?它怎么就“非限制性”了?回顾上述GMAT语法规定which有且仅有的两种用法,which指的都是就近的名词,从句其实还是限制性的'。
  所谓非限制性呢,是说which指逗号之前一套主谓所描述的情况,以逗号前的一个完整句为先行词。比如:
  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which was rather sad.
  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.
  注意,这样的非限制性定语从句在GMAT语法中是不成立的,关于which,GMAT语法考试只认可上述两种限制性用法。那么,在GMAT语法考试规则范围内,用什么方法能够表达出原来学过的非限制性定语从句的意思来呢?
  分成两句或做出同位语来都是可以的,当然,需要先找出一个名词把原来非限制性定语从句的先行词(即那个完整的句子)概括出来。
  一、分成两句
  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. The fact was rather sad.
  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. Pea did not refuse to acknowledge the fact to herself any more.
  二、做同位语
  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, the fact, rather sad,beingwhat Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.
定语从句that的用法(扩展7)
——定语从句that和which、who(whom)用法
定语从句that和which、who(whom)用法
  定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做 定语从句。下面是小编为你带来的 定语从句that和which、who(whom)用法,欢迎阅读!
  that和which的用法区别:
  在定语从句中,关系代词which和 that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:
  A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形
  (1) 当先行词为:all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 与 thing 所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。如:
  There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。
  (2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。如:
  This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。
  (3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。如:
  This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
  (4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。如:
  Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。
  (5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。如:
  This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。
  (6) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。如:
  Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?
  B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形
  (1) 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which。如:
  The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒,我上周买的,现在不见了。
  (2) 关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。如:
  The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。
  (3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。如:
  I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。
  who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:
  在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:
  一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
  (1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。如:
  My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐,她***学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。
  (2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。如:
  Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗?
  (3) 当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom)。如:
  Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
  (4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom)。如:
  Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
  (5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。如:
  The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
  (6) 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。如:
  There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我们班有些学生你见过。
  (7) 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的.引导词为that, 那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如:
  The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。
  二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
  (1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。如:
  The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。
  (2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。如:
  He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生
  (3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that。如:
  Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁?
  (4) the same as与the same that
  the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物;the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物,即:同一事物。如:
  She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)
  She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)
  that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。
  一、that指代某物事时
  1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:
  (1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
  我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。
  (2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
  我有很多想要告诉你的话。
  (3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
  有什么我可以帮你的吗?
  2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:
  (4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
  在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。
  3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
  (5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
  这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。
  4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如:
  (6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
  这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。
  (7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.
  这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。
  5. 先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:
  (8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
  6. 先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:
  (9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
  这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。
  注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:
  (10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
  这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
  7. 先行词为数词时。
  (11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
  瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
  8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:
  (12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
  他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。
  9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。
定语从句that的用法(扩展8)
——定语从句归纳及用法
定语从句归纳及用法
  定语从句是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。下面是小编分享给大家的定语从句归纳及用法,希望对大家有帮助。
  I 关系代词引导的定语从句
  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分,英语定语从句知识和用法概述。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
  1)who, whom, that
  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:
  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
  2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如:
  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
  3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:
  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
  农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
  The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
  II. 关系副词引导的定语从句
  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
  1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如:
  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
  Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. **是我的出生地。
  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
  2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:
  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
  III.判断关系代词与关系副词
  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
  判断改错:
  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
  方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
  例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
  答案:例1 D,例2 A
  例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
  例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
  在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D,英语语法《英语定语从句知识和用法概述》。
  而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
  IV. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
  1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:
  This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
  The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
  2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:
  Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的'的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
  3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:
  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
  说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
  V. 介词+关系词
  1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
  2)that前不能有介词。
  3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:
  This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
  This is the house where I lived two years ago.
  Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
  Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
  VI. as, which 非限定性定语从句
  由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:
  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
  The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。
  典型例题
  1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
  A. it B. that C. which D. he
  答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后
  句成为句子,两个**的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
  2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
  A. what B. which C. that D. it
  答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
  3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
  A. that B. which C. as D. it
  答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
  (1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
  (2) as **前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。
  as 的用法
  例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如:
  I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
  例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。例如:
  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
  As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
  As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
  VII. 先行词和关系词二合一
  1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
  一、定语从句的识别
  1、结构识别:名词+连接词+句子
  【例句】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.
  【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的:Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面这个句子,这样两个句子就有了共有的名词,连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用,就可以用which代替it,这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。
  2、常用连接词:
  关系代词:who, whom, which, that, as, whose
  关系连词:when, where, why, how
  介词+关系代词:as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子
  二、定语从句的处理方法
  1、按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置,这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
  2、在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子,因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中**拆分出来单独成为一个句子,这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词,拆分点就是连接词。
定语从句that的用法(扩展9)
——定语从句where先行词的用法
定语从句where先行词的用法
  定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句。下面是小编为大家收集的定语从句where先行词的用法,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
  定语从句讲解:where的用法
  关系副词where主要用于修饰表地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如:
  This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。
  That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
  Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奥伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
  与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where;如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等。如:
  He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。
  【拓展延伸】
  定语从句的定义:
  被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
  关系代词引导的定语从句
  关系代词所代替的'先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
  1)who, whom, that
  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
  Is he the man who/that you want to see?
  他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)[1] He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
  2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
  3)which, that
  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
  The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
  关系副词引导的定语从句
  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
  1)when, where, why
  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地。
  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
  2)that代替关系副词
  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
教育,英语
}

高考英语语法连词1
  连词的定义:
  连词是连接字、短语、从句与句子的词,是虚词,因此它不能**担任句子成分。连词主要分为两大类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括:and,or,but,so,for,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also。
  从属连词用来引导从句,它包括: that, when, till, until, after, before, since,because,if,whether,though,although,so…that,so that,in order that,as soon as
  并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:
  (1)表并列关系的.and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
  (2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。
  (3)表转折关系的but, while等。
  (4)表因果关系的for, so等。
  1并列连词
  1 and:和,并且
  I like basketball, football and table-tennis.
  我喜欢篮球、足球和乒乓球。
  1.基本用法
  and表示“和”、“而且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,片语与片语,句子与句子。
  He got up and put on his hat.
  他***,戴**帽子。
  I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park.
  我去颐和园,他去北海公园。
  注意
  单词或词组如果是三个以上连接,一般在最后的单词或词组前加and。另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和”来。
  2.特别用法:and在祈使句中的作用
  句型:祈使句, and…=If you…, you'll…
  Use your head,and you'll find a way.
  动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。
  =If you use your head,you'll find a way.
  如果你动动脑子,你就会想出办法。
  Hurry up,and you'll catch the bus.
  快点,你就会赶上公共汽车。
  =If you hurry up,you'll catch the bus.
  如果你快点,你就会赶上公共汽车。
  2 or:或,或者,否则
  Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.
  李明是**人还是上海人呢?
  1.基本用法
  or表示“~或”的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。
  Would you like coffee or tea?
  你喜欢咖啡还是茶?
  Tom or I am right.我或者汤姆是对的。
  Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.
  李明或者是他的同班同学在打扫房间。
  注意
  “A or B”作主语时,谓语动词随or后面的词(B)而定,因此例子中的谓语动词服从I,用am。
  2.特别用法
  句型:祈使句, or…=If you don't…, you'll…
  同and一样,or在祈使句中的用法,译成“请…,否则…”,有转折的意思。
  Hurry up,or you'll miss the bus.
  快点吧,否则你就会误了公共汽车。
  =If you don't hurry up,you'll miss the bus.
  如果你不快点,你就会误了这班车。
  Study hard,or you'll fail in the exam.
  好好学吧,否则你考试就会不及格。
  =If you don't study hard,you'll fail in the exam.
  如果你不努力学习,你考试就会不及格。
  注意
  or疑问句的读法or前面的部分用升调,后面的部分用降调。
高考英语语法连词2
  1. 介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。
  介词分为:
  ① 简单介词,如at、in、for等;
  ② 合成介词,如within、inside、onto、througout等;
  ③ 短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。
  ④ 双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。
  ⑤ 分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
  常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。
  如:
  ①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.
  ②He quarrelled with her yesterday.
  ③He succeeded in passing the final exam.
  ④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.
  ⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.
  2. 介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。
  如:
  ①This machine is in good condition.(表语)
  ②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)
  ③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)
  ④She always thinks herself above others.(宾补)
高考英语语法连词 (菁选2篇)扩展阅读
高考英语语法连词 (菁选2篇)(扩展1)
——中考英语语法详解:介词、连词3篇
中考英语语法详解:介词、连词1
  1. 介词概述:介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词是虚词,不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。
  2. 常用介词的意义和用法。
  ⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别:
  表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;
  表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个*面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如:
  He was born on the night of May 10th.
  I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.
  His glasses are on the desk.
  My brother is at the bus stop.
  ⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别:“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般过去时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如:
  He said that he would come back after 6:00.
  My father is coming back from Astralia in about a month.
  ⑶ since与for表示时间的'用法区别:“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“持续一段时间”,都常用于完成时态;如:
  My father has worked in this factory since 1970.
  My father has worked in this factory for over 30 years.
  ⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、**”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、**。如:
  We write with our hands and walk with our feet.
  Please speak in English.
  Let’s go to the zoo by bus.
  It was invented by Adison.
  ⑸ about与on的用法区别:都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如:
  Tom is going to give a speech on the history of China.
  They are talking about the English test.
  ⑹ through与across、over的用法区别: through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如:
  Just then a kangaroo (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只袋鼠跑过路面)
  There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)
  They climbed over the mountain and arrived there (他们翻过大山到达了那里)/
  The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)
  (7)as与like的区别:两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如:
  Let me speak to you as a teacher.(我以老师的身份和你讲话。)
  Let me speak to you like a teacher.(让我像一位老师一样和你讲话)
  (8)in front of 与in the front of:in front of“在…的前面”, 与in the front of“在…的前部”。如:
  A group of people was standing in front of the hall.
  In the front of the hall stood a group of people.
  (12)except与besides的区别:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。如:
  Everyone went to the park except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了公园)(Tom没有去公园)/
  Besides maths he also studied many other subjects.(除了数学之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“数学”也是他学的功课之一)
中考英语语法详解:介词、连词2
  1.连词概述:连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词,短语或句子,但不单独做句子成分。按照连词的性质,可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词如:and,but,or,for等,它们即可连接单词,短语,又可连接句子。从属连词如:when,before ,because等,它们主要引导名词性从句。
  2.常见连词的用法:
  1)并列连词 的用法: 并列连词有:and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, still,
  And: 连接单词短语句子 。如:Tom and I study in the same school.
  But, or :I have a pen but no pencil. / Would you like coffee or tea?
  Nothing but除了,只有: I did nothing but watch it.
  Or表示否则:如: Hurry up or you will miss the train.
  for 表示后面的句子是原因。如: He is good at piano for he practices harder than others.
  Not only…but also 不仅…而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。主语并列时,谓语要就近一致。如: Not only he but also I am a nurse.
  As well as 以及,同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时,动词要随前面的主语变化 .如:He works as well as he can
  Either…or 既…又…,或…或…,并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 ,如:Either come in or go out.
  Neither…nor 既不…也不, 并列主、谓、宾、表、状语,并列主语时,谓语就近一致。如:Neither you nor he is lazy.
  Both…and 和,既…也,并列主、谓、宾及表语。I can speak both English and French.
  nor 也不,引导句子要倒装 。如:He can not play the piano, nor can I.
  so 因此,所以,不和because连用。如:You like swimming, so do I.
  1) 从属连词的用法: 从属连词有:after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that
  after 表示“时间”,在…之后。如:After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.
  Although/though 表示让步, “尽管”。如: Although she is young, she knows a lot.
  as 表示时间,“当…时”,方式“象…”,原因,“由于、因为”让步,“尽管、虽然” 。如: As it was rainy, we couldn’t go out now.
  As if/as though 表方式,“似乎、好像” 。如: He told us such a story as though he had been there before.
  As long as/so long as 表条件,“只要” 。如: As long as I am here, I’ll go to help you.
  As soon as 表时间,“一…就…”。如: I will call you as soon as I come back.
  because 表原因,“因为”。如: I have to practice more because I am not good at English.
  before 表时间,“在…之前’’ 。如: You should think more before you do it.
  Even if/ even though 表让步,“即使”。如: You should try again even if you failed.
  Hardly…when 表时间,“(刚)一…就”。如: Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
  if “假如”,引导条件状语从句。如: We will stay at home if the rain doesn’t stop.
  “是否”,引导宾语从句。如; I don’t know if he goes shopping.
  In order that 表目的,“为了,以便”。如: We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.
  No matter +疑问词 表让步,“无论,不管”。如: No matter what you do, you should try your best.
  No sooner…than 表时间,“刚一…就…”。如: No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
  once 表时间,“一旦…”。如: Once you read this book, you’ll never forget it.
  since 表时间,“自从…以来”.如: He has been in this city since he left school.
  表原因,“既然,由于” 。如: Since the job is dangerous, let’s do it more carefully.
  so far as/as far as 表条件,“就…而言,就…而论”.如:As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.
  So that 表目的,“以便” 。如: Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.
  So…that 表结果“如此,以致”。如: He got up so early that he caught the early bus.
  than 表示比较,“比” 。如: Things were worse than we thought.
  unless 表条件,“除非,如果不” 。如: You will fail in the test unless you study hard.
  Until/till 表时间,“直到…为止” 。如: I’ll wait till my mother comes back.
  when 表时间,“当…时’’。如: When they got there, the train has left.
  whether “是否”引导名词性从句 。如: Whether he can come to see us is unknown.
  表让步,“不管/无论、是否”。如:Whether she is rich or poor, she is always happy.
  while 表时间,“当…时” 。如: While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.
  whenever 表时间,“无论什么时候”。如: Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.
高考英语语法连词 (菁选2篇)(扩展2)
——高考英语语法题 (菁选2篇)
高考英语语法题1
  Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
  So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_(arrow)to get up close to these cute animals at
the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be theirUKambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__
my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My
ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
  On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that
while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
  参***
  61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when
  66. permitted 67. introducing 68. their 69. days 70. the
高考英语语法题2
  技巧一:名词形式变化。
  名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。这是最简单也是最基本的形式变化,只要注意整体形式的一致性。
  例:There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
  由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
  技巧二:动词形式变化。
  动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。这种动词形式的变化,一定要注意个别的变化异样,这种最容易犯错。
  例:A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
  句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
  技巧三:代词形式变化。
  代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。这种需要联系句意或者文章,整体把握。
  例:The king decided to see the painter by(he).
  由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
  技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。
  英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least,且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
  例:I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.
  此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
  技巧五:数词形式变化。
  数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀一teen、ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/twice。这种数词形式变化则是需要整体理解的,尤其要注意细节。
  例:To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a (three).
  从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
  技巧六:词的派生。
  词的派生现象在英语单词中是较为的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。而很多单词的派生不同意思也会有区别,一定要注意,不是所有前后缀都遵循一个规律,会有个别例外,而特别的一定要重点记住的。
  例:Lious lost his wallet yesterday,SO he was very____(happiness).
  在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un,就成了unhappy。
高考英语语法连词 (菁选2篇)(扩展3)
——高考英语语法讲解 (菁选2篇)
高考英语语法讲解1
  高考英语语法解析之宾语从句
  1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
  2.构成:关联词+简单句。
  3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:
  (1)从属连词that.如:
  He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。
  I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。
  注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。
  1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)
  大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
  2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)
  对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
  3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)
  我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
  4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)
  鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。
  (2)从属连词if/whether.如:
  I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。
  I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。
  (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
  连接副词 where,when,how,why.
  如:
  Who or what he was,Martin never learned.
  他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。
  I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
  I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
  You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。
  (1)介词宾语从句
  宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:
  He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
  他对那天发生的.事感到很不快。
  I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。
  I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。
  Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
  你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
  有时介词可以省略。如:
  I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。
  Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。
  解释:
  1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
  We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
  我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
  He has made it clear that he will not give in.
  他已表明他不会屈服。
  2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:
  He is a good student except that he is careless.
  他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。
  You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。
  介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:
  Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
  你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?
  3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:
  I am not sure what I ought to do.
  我不能确定我该做什么。
  I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.
  恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
  I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.
  我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。
  Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
  妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
  4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
  if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:
  I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
  用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:
  Please let me know if you want to go.
  Please let me know whether you want to go.
  if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。
  5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:
  I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。
  I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
  I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?
  6.宾语从句的时态变化规律:
  (1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。
  (2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:
  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
高考英语语法讲解2
  形容词与副词的比较级
  大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
  1)规则变化
  单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
  一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est 如:tall taller tallest
  以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st,如:nice nicer nicest
  以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est,如:big bigger biggest
  “以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est 如:busy busier busiest
  少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est,如:clever/narrow cleverer/narrower cleverest/ narrowest
  其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级,如:important/easily more important/more easily most important/most easily
  2)不规则变化,例如:
  good-better-best
  well-better-best
  bad-worse-worst
  old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
  much/many-more-most
  little-less-least
  far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
高考英语语法连词 (菁选2篇)(扩展4)
——**高考英语语法复习策略 (菁选2篇)
**高考英语语法复习策略1
  1.有一本正规的语法书
  对于那些语法基础知识较差的考生,一本正规的语法书就像一本词典,随时可以帮助大家重拾记忆。考生可以根据语法书中系统复习一遍,找找当时学习英语的感觉。
  2.重点掌握句法
  句法对阅读及翻译写作都十分重要,因此必须重点复习。
  3.有的放矢
  乐考无忧通过对大纲的研读,以及对历年真题的分析和统计,得出考研英语常考的重点的语法知识包括:名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;常用连接词的词义及其用法;非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;虚拟语气的构成及其用法;各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法等。复习中要重点把握考研考查的语法体系,而不要陷入了盲目学习的误区。
  4.以真题为依托
  如果单纯地看语法书,那一定会很枯燥,学习效果也不好,跟真题中出现的'语法长难句结合起来复习,不仅可以检验语法知识的掌握情况,还有助于深刻地了解真题中语法的考查角度。
  看语法书的同时,要对基本的语法知识进行整理,形成一个体系,也要对一些特殊的语法现象进行归纳,要手眼并用,不能只看不动手。另外,语法复习重在语法现象本身,而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语。
  那么,考研英语的语法掌握到什么程度就可以了呢?复习语法的目的是读懂文章、做对题目。英语成绩好的同学,肯定语法基础也不差,并且能熟练地将语法知识应用到阅读、做题中。英语成绩不好的同学,可能是语法基础不扎实,也可能是囫囵吞枣,对语法知识一知半解,不能很好的应用到阅读和做题中。如果在阅读中面对一个长难句,能快速准确地抓住这个长难句的主干,理清各个成分之间的关系,并能正确翻译,那就说明对这部分的语法知识掌握的不错;如果达不到这个要求,就说明掌握的还不好,还需要强化复习。
**高考英语语法复习策略2
  complete,close,end,finish,conclude,terminate
  These verbs mean to bring or to come to a natural or proper stopping point.
  这些动词都是指达到一个自然或适当的终点。
  Complete suggests the final stage in bringing an undertaking to fruition:
  Complete 暗指取得成功的最后一步:
  “Nothing worth doing is completed in our lifetime” (Reinhold Niebuhr)。
  “我们这辈子连一件有意义的事也没完成” (莱因霍尔德。尼泊赫)。
  Close applies to the ending of something ongoing or continuing:
  Close 指正在进行的事件接近终点:
  The orchestra closed the concert with an encore.
  交响乐团在再来一次的欢呼声中结束了音乐会。
  If there is a further falloff in ticket sales,the play will close.
  如果门票销售进一步下跌,这个剧目就会停演。
  End emphasizes finality:
  End 强调结果:
  We ended the meal with fruit and cheese.
  我们最后吃的是水果和奶酪。
  “Where laws end,tyranny begins” (William Pitt)。
  “哪里没有法制,**就从哪里开始” (威廉姆。皮特)。
高考英语语法连词 (菁选2篇)(扩展5)
——新概念英语语法 (菁选2篇)
新概念英语语法1
  1、there be句型
  there are,如:There are some magazines on the television.
  2、方位的表达
  介词+the+地点名词,如:in the room, near the table, on the stereo。
  3、some的用法
  强调当要表达概数的时候用,即当不知道具体数目但量又不大时用,而且它既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。
新概念英语语法2
  living room 梳理一套房子里常见的房间名称,如:bedroom, living room, kitchen, study(书房),bathroom等。
  television 可介绍该词的构词,即tele+vision,tele-一般表示远距离的,vision表示视觉、图像,所以television字面意思是远程图像,进而用来表示电视。可以再介绍几个由tele-构成的单词,如:telegram, telescope。
  magazine 强调其重音位置在-zine上。
  newspaper 可介绍该词的构词,即news+paper。
  armchair 可介绍该词的构词,即arm+chair。
  stereo 强调该词的读音,尤其是第一个e的发音。
  picture 图画,照片。注意强调单词中的'c在发音上有爆破的消失现象。
高考英语语法连词 (菁选2篇)(扩展6)
——高考英语语法语篇填空 (菁选2篇)
高考英语语法语篇填空1
  If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so
you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
  Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the
confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
  Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for48 while, exercising, or dong
something you enjoy.
  If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is,
50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
  参***
  41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as
  46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make
高考英语语法语篇填空2
  比较级形容词或副词 + than。
  例如:
  They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.
  你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。
  注意:
  1)要避免重复使用比较级。
  (错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
  (对) He is more clever than his brother.
  (对) He is clever than his brother.
  2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
  (错) China is larger than any country in Asia.
  (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
  3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
  The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
  It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
  4)要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。
  比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
  Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
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