Aggregation techniques for energy flexibility
Visualitza l'&tem
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.
dc.contributorPedersen, Torben Bach
dc.contributorAbell& Gamazo, Alberto
dc.contributor.advisorUniversitat Polit&cnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Serveis i Sistemes d'Infirmaci&
dc.contributor.authorValsomatzis, Emmanouil
dc.date.accessionedT09:41:42Z
dc.date.availableT09:41:42Z
dc.date.issued
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/
dc.description.abstractOver the last few years, the cost of energy from renewable resources, such as sunlight and wind, has declined resulting in an increasing use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). As a result, the energy produced by RES is fed into the power grid while their share is expected to significantly increase in the future. 
However, RES are characterized by power fluctuations and their integration into the power grid might lead to power quality issues, e.g., imbalances. At the same time, new energy hungry devices such as heat-pumps and Electric Vehicles (EVs) become more and more popular. As a result, their demand in power, especially during peak-times, might lead to electrical grid overloads and congestions. In order to confront the new challenges, the power grid is transformed into the so-called Smart Grid. Major role in Smart Grid plays the Demand Response (DR) concept. 
According to DR, Smart Grid better matches energy demand and sup- ply by using energy flexibility. Energy flexibility exists in many individual prosumers (producers and/or consumers). For instance, an owner of an EV plugs-in his EV for more time than it is actually needed. Thus, the EV charging can be timely shifted. The load demanded for charging could be moved to time periods when production from wind turbines is high or away from peak-hours. Thus, RES share is increased and/or the electrical grid operation is improved. 
The Ph.D. project is sponsored by the Danish TotalFlex project (http://totalflex.dk). Main goal of the TotalFlex project is to design and establish a flexibility market framework where flexibility from individual prosumers, e.g., household devices, can be traded among different market actors such as Balance Responsible Parties (BRPs) and distribution system operators. In order for that to be achieved, the TotalFlex project utilizes the flex-offer concept. 
Based on the flex-offer concept, flexibility from individual prosumers is captured and represented by a generic model. However, the flexible loads from individual prosumers capture very small energy amounts and thus cannot be directly traded in the market. Therefore, aggregation becomes essential. The Ph.D. project focuses on developing aggregation techniques for energy flexibilities that will provide the opportunity to individual prosumers to participate in such a flexibility market. 
First, the thesis introduces several flexibility measurements in order to quantify the flexibility captured by the flex-offer model and compare flex- offers among each other, both on an individual and on an aggregated level. Flexibility is both the input and the output of the aggregation techniques. Aggregation techniques aggregate energy flexibility to achieve their goals and, at the same time, they try to retain as much flexibility as possible to be traded in the market. Thus, second, the thesis describes base-line flex-offer aggregation techniques and presents balance aggregation techniques that focus on balancing out energy supply and demand. Third, since there are cases where electrical grid congestions occur, the thesis presents two constraint-based aggregation techniques. The techniques efficiently aggregate large amounts of flex-offers taking into account physical constraints of the electrical grid. The produced aggregated flex-offers are still flexible and when scheduled, a normal grid operation is achieved. Finally, the thesis examines the financial benefits of the aggregation techniques. It introduces flex-offer aggregation techniques that take into account real market technical requirements. As a result, individual small flexible loads can be indirectly traded in the energy market through aggregation. 
The proposed aggregation techniques for energy flexibilities can con- tribute to the use of flexibility in the Smart Grid in both current and future market frameworks. The designed techniques can improve the services offered to the prosumers and avoid the very costly upgrades of the distribution network.
dc.description.abstractGennem de senere &r er prisen faldet p& energi fra vedvarende energikilder s&som sollys og vind, hvilket har medf&rt et stigende forbrug af vedvarende energi. Dette har resulteret i, at energi, der produceret af vedvarende energi, sendes ud i elnettet og andelen forventes at stige markant i fremtiden.
Vedvarende energi er imidlertid karakteriseret af effektsvingninger, og integrationen i elnettet kan f&re til kvalitetsproblemer med str&mmen som for eksempel uligev&gt. Samtidig bliver enheder, der sluger vedvarende energi s&som varmepumper og elektriske k&ret&jer, mere og mere popul&re. 
Dette resulterer i, at eftersp&rgslen p& energi, is&r i spidsbelastede situationer, kan medf&re overbelastning og tr&ngsel p& elnettet. For at konfrontere de nye udfordringer bliver elnettet &ndret til et s&kaldt Smart Grid. Konceptet om udbud og eftersp&rgsel Demand Response (DR) spiller her en meget stor rolle.
If&lge DR, im&deg&r Smart Grid bedre udbud og eftersp&rgsel af energi ved at bruge fleksibel energi. Fleksibel energi eksisterer i mange individuelle producenter og/eller forbrugere. For eksempel tilslutter en ejer af et elektrisk k&ret&j sit k&ret&j i mere tid end det rent faktisk er n&dvendigt. P& denne m&de kan tidspunktet for opladningen &ndres rettidigt. Belastningen, der kr&ves for opladning, kunne flyttes til perioder, hvor produktion fra vindm&ller er h&j eller v&k fra de spidsbelastede tidspunkter. S&ledes &ges vedvarende energi& andel og/eller elnettets drift er forbedret.
Dette Ph.D. projekt er sponsoreret af det danske TotalFlex projekt (http://totalflex.dk). TotalFlex& form&l er at designe og etablere et fleksibelt elmarkedsystem, hvor fleksibilitet fra individuelle producent og/ eller forbruger f.eks. husholdningsenheder kan blive udvekslet mellem forskellige markedsakt&rer s&som balanceansvarlige parter og eldistributionsnettets operat&rer. For at opn& dette, udnytter TotalFlex flex-offer konceptet.
Baseret p& konceptet om flex-offer, bliver fleksibilitet fra individuelle prosumers fanget og repr&senteret i en generisk model. Fleksible belastninger fra de individuelle prosumers fanger imidlertid kun meget sm& energim&ngder og kan ikke udveksles direkte p& markedet. Derfor bliver aggregering essentielt.
Ph.D. projektet fokuserer p& at udvikle aggregering-steknikker for energifleksibilitet, der kan give individuelle prosumers mulighed for at deltage i et s&dant fleksibilitetsmarked.
F&rst vil afhandligen introducere adskillige fleksibilitetsm&linger for at kvantificere fleksibiliteten, der fanges af flex-offer modellen og sammenligne flex-offer med hinanden b&de p& et individuelt og et aggregeret niveau.
Input og output af aggregeringsteknikker er fleksibilitet. Aggregeringsteknikker samler energifleksibilitet for at opn& dets m&l og fors&ger p& samme tid at beholde s& meget fleksibilitet som muligt til at blive udvekslet p& markedet. Herp& fors&ger afhandligen for det andet at beskrive basis flexoffer aggregeringsteknikker og pr&senterer balance-aggregeringsteknikker, der fokuserer p& at afbalancere energiudbud og -eftersp&rgsel. Siden der er situationer, hvor overbelastninger af elnettet forekommer, pr&senterer afhandlingen for det tredje, to begr&nsningsbaserede aggregeringsteknikker.
Teknikkerne samler effektivt store m&ngder af flex-offers og tager samtidig hensyn til fysiske begr&nsninger i elnettet. De producerede, samlede flexoffers er stadig fleksible og efter det er planlagt, opn&s et normaltfungerende net. Til slut vil afhandlingen unders&ge de &konomiske fordele ved aggregeringsteknikkerne. Den introducerer flex-offer aggregeringsteknikkerne, der tager h&jde for de reelle, tekniske krav, der er p& markedet. Resultatet kan v&re, at individuelle sm& fleksible belastninger indirekte kan udveksles p& energimarkedet gennem aggregering.
De foresl&ede aggregeringsteknikker til energi-fleksibilitet kan bidrage til brug af fleksibilitet i Smart Grid i b&de nuv&rende og fremtidige markedsrammer. De designede teknikker kan forbedre de tilbudte ydelser til prosumers og undg& de meget dyre opgraderinger af distributionsnetv&rk
dc.description.abstractDurante los &ltimos a&os, la bajada en el precio de la energ&a procedente de fuentes renovables, tales como luz solar y e&lica, ha resultado en un aumento del uso de este tipo de recursos de Energ&a Renovables (ER). Como consecuencia de este aumento, la energ&a producida a trav&s de ER es inyectada en la red el&ctrica y se espera que la proporci&n de energ&a suministrada a la red crezca significativamente en los pr&ximos a&os.
Sin embargo, las ER se caracterizan por ser muy fluctuantes y su integraci&n en la red el&ctrica podr&a acarrear problemas de calidad, como por ejemplo desequilibrios energ&ticos. Al mismo tiempo, nuevos dispositivos de alto consumo de energ&a, como bombas de calor y veh&culos el&ctricos, son cada vez mas populares y la alta demanda de estos, especialmente en horas puntas, puede crear sobrecargas y congestiones en la red. Para afrontar estos restos, la red el&ctrica se transforma en la llamada Red Inteligente, d&nde el concepto de respuesta a la demanda juega un papel.
Esta thesis de doctorado est& patrocinada por el proyecto dan&s TotalFlex (http://totalflex.dk). El objetivo principal de este proyecto es dise&ar y establecer el marco de flexibilidad de mercado, d&nde la flexibilidad de productores/consumidores, por ejemplo los dispositivos del hogar, pueda ser comercializada entre los diferentes actores del mercado como las comercializadoras de electricidad y los operadores de sistemas de distribuci&n. Para lograr este prop&sito, el proyecto TotalFlex utiliza el concepto flex-offer flexibilidad en la oferta.
Basado en el concepto flex-offer, la flexibilidad de consumidores y productores individuales es capturada y representada a trav&s de un modelo gen&rico. Sin embargo, las cargas flexibles de estos individuos producen peque&as cantidades de energ&a y, por lo tanto, no pueden ser directamente negociadas en el mercado. Esto significa que la agregaci&n de esta energ&a es esencial. Este Ph.D est& enfocado desarrollo de t&cnicas de agrega para que permitir&n a productores y consumidores individuales participar en dicha.
En primer lugar, esta tesis introduce medidas de flexibilidad con la finalidad de cuantificar la flexibilidad calculada por el modelo flex-offer y comparar las diferentes ofertas entre ellas, tanto a nivel individual como agregado. Flexibilidad es tanto la entrada como la salida de las t&cnicas de agregado, las cu&les agregan flexibilidad energ&tica para lograr sus objetivos y, al mismo tiempo, retener la m&xima flexibilidad para comerciarla en el mercado. En segundo lugar, la tesis describe la base de las tecnicas de agregado flex-offer y presenta t&cnicas de que se enfocan en un balance entre la oferta y la demanda energ&tica. Tercero, dado que existen casos d&nde se producen congestiones en la red el&ctrica, la tesis presenta tecnicas de agregado basadas en restricciones. Dichas t&cnicas agregan grandes cantidades de flex-offers considerando restricciones f&sicas de la red el&ctrica. Las flexoffers agregadas que se producen son a&n flexibles y, cuando se programan, se logra una operaci&n normal de red. Por &ltimo, en la tesis se examina los beneficios econ&micos de las t&cnicas agregadas, introduciendo t&cnicas de agregado flex-offer que tienen en cuenta los requisitos t&cnicos del mercado real. Como resultado, las peque&as cargas individuales y flexibles pueden ser indirectamente negociadas en el mercado energ&tico a trav&s de la agregaci&n.
Las t&cnicas de agregado propuestas para favorecer la flexibildad energ&tica puede contribuir al uso de flexibilidad en la red inteligente tanto en el presente como en el futuro. Mejorar los servicios ofrecidos a consumidores y productores as& como evitar las costosas actualizaciones de la red de distribuci&n.
dc.format.extent168 p.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherUniversitat Polit&cnica de Catalunya
dc.relationNota: Cotutela Universitat Polit&cnica de Catalunya i Aalborg Universitet
dc.rightsADVERTIMENT. L'acc&s als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilitzaci& ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, aix& com en activitats o materials d'investigaci& i doc&ncia en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Ref&s de la Llei de Propietat Intel&lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autoritzaci& pr&via i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilitzaci& dels seus continguts caldr& indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el t&tol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducci& o altres formes d'explotaci& efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicaci& p&blica des d'un lloc ali& al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentaci& del seu contingut en una finestra o marc ali& a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i &ndexs.
dc.sourceTDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
dc.subject&Arees tem&tiques de la UPC::Inform&tica
dc.titleAggregation techniques for energy flexibility
dc.typeDoctoral thesis
dc.rights.accessOpen Access
dc.description.versionPostprint (published version)
dc.identifier.tdxhttp://hdl.handle.net/
Fitxers d'aquest items
TEV1de1.pdf
Tots els drets reservats. Aquesta obra est& protegida pels drets de propietat intel&lectual i industrial corresponents. Sense perjudici de les exempcions legals existents, queda prohibida la seva reproducci&, distribuci&, comunicaci& p&blica o transformaci& sense l'autoritzaci& del titular dels drets
Cerca a UPCommons
Aquesta col&lecci&
& . Servei de Biblioteques, Publicacions i Arxius
Sobre aquest web尊贵音乐会员，海量无损音乐
下载客户端，千万歌曲免费下
全部添加
3722次播放
887万次播放
19万次播放
74万次播放
请先安装flash！
&2018 Baidu
微信扫一扫精选音乐每日推送!
扫描下载APPCIRCULAR TREE STAND - Patent - Europe PMC
Europe PMC requires Javascript to function effectively.
Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please
turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page.
https://orcid.org
Search worldwide, life-sciences literature
CIRCULAR TREE STAND
(PAT - US6725972)
KRIER SAMUEL GLEN
KRIER JEFFREY ALAN
Patent: 
Reexamination Certificate First Reexamination - United States
Application:
Publication:
A circular tree stand allows a hunter or wildlife enthusiast to shoot or photograph approaching wildlife. The stand is comprised of a circular deck and a separate circular seat of lesser dimensions. The larger platform is positioned directly below the smaller seat structure. The deck and seat structure allow the user to move a full 360 degrees allowing the user to set up facing approaching wildlife regardless of the side of the tree that the wildlife approaches from. The structure also allows an open space between the human in the stand and the ground. The ladder system allows the stand to be quickly and efficiently mounted without additional hardware or tools.
Priority number:
Classifier:Bibliographic record number: 827785
Kova?i?, M Jureti?, D Salaeh, S Ku?i?, H Lon?ari? Bo?i?, Ana
(a) EAU DU SOLEIL - Prijenosni sustav za pro?i??avanje vode i (b) MRS. CATWHEEL & MR. SUN - Recirkulacijski sustav za solarno pro?i??avanje voda( (a) EAU DU SOLEIL - Portable system for water purification and (b) MRS. CATWHEEL & MR. SUN - recirculation system for solar water purification )
13. Me?unarodna izlo?ba inovacija ARCA 2015
Location and date:
Zagreb, Hrvatska, 15.10.2015.
kompozi pro?i??avanje vode(
comp water purification )
EAU DU SOLEIL Pitka voda je od iznimne va?nosti za zdravlje i ?ivot ?ovjeka, no na?alost radi se o resursu koji je rijedak i te?ko dobavljiv na sve vi?e mjesta diljem svijeta. Vode su ?esto kontaminirane anorganskim i organskim tvarima te patogenima poput virusa i mikroorganizama. TiO2 fotokatalizator uz pomo? svjetlosti i vode stvara aktivne radikale te slobodne elektrone i ?upljine koji navedena one?i??ivala uklanjaju iz vode, ?ine?i ju time sigurnom za pi?e. Inovacija Eau du Soleil je prenosivi sustav za pro?i??avanje vode u prakti?nom obliku ?etvrtaste boce. Dvije unutarnje stranice te dno boce presvu?ene su modificiranim TiO2 fotokatalizatorom, koji je razvijen u Zavodu za polimerno in?enjerstvo i organsku kemijsku tehnologiju Fakulteta kemijskog in?enjerstva i tehnologije. Preostale dvije stranice su prozirne i omogu?avaju prodor prirodnoga svjetla. Kroz grlo boce prolazi stupac koji sadr?ava umjetne izvore svjetlosti (solarno napajane UV LE diode) koje poja?avaju ili nadomje?taju prirodno Sun?evo zra?enje. Suvi?ak energije iz panela pohranjuje se u ugra?ene litijske baterije pri ?emu se osigurava rad sustava u uvjetima slabog prirodnog osvjetljenja. Pri vrhu stupca s LE diodama nalazi se i radijalni filtar s adsorbiraju?im materijalima, koji omogu?ava korisniku mehani?ko pro?i??avanje vode. MRS. CATWHEEL & MR. SUN Tehni?ki razvoj i unaprje?enje ?ivotnih uvjeta za ?ovjeka naj?e??e ostavlja negativan u?inak na okoli?, posebno po pitanju one?i??enja povr?inskih voda organskim tvarima, od kojih su posebno opasni farmaceutici i njihovi metaboliti.Tehnologijom TiO2 fotokatalize organska i anorganska one?i??ivala lako se fotokemijskim putem prevode u bezopasne tvari. Nano?estice TiO2 fotokatalizatora aktiviraju se putem sun?eve ili umjetne svjetlosti pogodne valne duljine pri ?emu nastaju slobodni elektroni i pozitivne ?upljine u materijalu, koji izravno ili neizravno uklanjaju one?i??ivala iz vode. Nano?estice TiO2 se modificiraju kako bi se pobolj?ala aktivnost katalizatora na ?irem rasponu valnih duljina. Inovacija Mrs. CatWheel & Mr. Sun objedinjuje stare i nove tehnologije te snagu prirode. Lopatice mlinice presvu?ene su tankim filmovima s modificiranim TiO2 fotokatalizatorom razvijenim u Zavodu za polimerno in?enjerstvo i organsku kemijsku tehnologiju Fakulteta kemijskog in?enjerstva i tehnologije. Pod djelovanjem prirodnog Sun?evog zra?enja i vodenog toka, lopatice mlinice preuzimaju (adsorbiraju) te razgra?uju prisutna one?i??ivala. Rotacija mlinice mo?e se iskoristiti za proizvodnju elektri?ne energije. Vi?e mlinica mo?e se postaviti serijski u toku, ?ime se pospje?uje u?inak sustava. Tako?er, mehani?ku energiju dobivenu rotacijom mlinica mogu?e je iskoristiti za recirkulaciju djelomi?no obra?ene vode putem pumpi, ?to je od posebne va?nosti kod ja?e one?i??enih voda.
Type of meeting:
Type of presentation in a journal:
Not published
Type of peer-review:
No peer-review
Project / theme:
Original language:
Znanstveni
Research fields:
Chemical engineering
Contrib. to CROSBI by:
Hrvoje Ku?i? (hkusic@marie.fkit.hr), 18. Srp. 2016. u 10:56 sati}